Government Work Report is essential for domestic and international understanding of China’s national conditions.This paper selects the national defense section in Government Work Reports released by the State Council...Government Work Report is essential for domestic and international understanding of China’s national conditions.This paper selects the national defense section in Government Work Reports released by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China over the last fifteen years from 2009 to 2023 as an example of China’s official discourse.From the perspective of positive discourse analysis,the theory of three meta-functions of language proposed by M.A.K.Halliday in Systemic Functional Linguistics is used in this article in terms of transitivity,appraisal,mood,modality,and theme to explore the constructing of the People’s Liberation Army(PLA)image.This study finds that,by using the goals and circumstances with optimistic meaning in material processes,adopting more appreciation in attitude,applying more declaratives in mood,utilizing modal operators with high modulation,and implicit objective modal adjuncts,and employing government-focused themes,China’s official discourse objectively and authentically conveys a positive image of the brave and just PLA both at home and abroad which advocates itself to peace-keeping,and mission-fulfilling.展开更多
2206. The representative of China confirmed that China also agreed to raise the limit within which investments in motor vehicle manufacturing could be approved at provincial government level only, from the current lev...2206. The representative of China confirmed that China also agreed to raise the limit within which investments in motor vehicle manufacturing could be approved at provincial government level only, from the current level of US$30 million, to US$60 million one year after accession, US$90 million two years after accession, and US$150 million four years after accession. The Working Party took note of this commitment. 207. With respect to the manufacture of motor vehicle engines, the representative of China ...展开更多
119. The representative of China confirmed that the role of sub-national bodies would be limited to purely administrative operations, such as receiving applications from endusers and forwarding them to the central aut...119. The representative of China confirmed that the role of sub-national bodies would be limited to purely administrative operations, such as receiving applications from endusers and forwarding them to the central authority; receiving queries and transmitting these to the central authority; reporting on allocation and reallocation decisions made by the central authority and providing information regarding such allocations and reallocations upon request; checking the information in the applications to ve...展开更多
A Review of China’s Economic and Social Development in 2015 In the past year,China has encountered many difficulties and challenges in its development.However,under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Comm...A Review of China’s Economic and Social Development in 2015 In the past year,China has encountered many difficulties and challenges in its development.However,under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping,and with confidence and courage,all the people of China have worked to overcome obstacles and have pressed展开更多
Ⅰ. ACADEMIC ASSIGNMENTS ACHIEVED 1. Hosted Key State-entrusted Consultancy Projects: (1) Completion of the advisory service which had been set for the national Eighth Five-year Plan entrusted by the national authorit...Ⅰ. ACADEMIC ASSIGNMENTS ACHIEVED 1. Hosted Key State-entrusted Consultancy Projects: (1) Completion of the advisory service which had been set for the national Eighth Five-year Plan entrusted by the national authorities. (2) Achievement of the consultancy work for key programs of basic research also entrusted by展开更多
Ⅰ. A REVIEW OF OUR WORK FROM 1994 TO 1996 1. Entrusted by the CPC central committee and the State Council, our Division completed its counseling assignments to the "Decision on Speeding up China’s S&T Progr...Ⅰ. A REVIEW OF OUR WORK FROM 1994 TO 1996 1. Entrusted by the CPC central committee and the State Council, our Division completed its counseling assignments to the "Decision on Speeding up China’s S&T Progress Jointly Decreed by the Party’s Central Committee and the State Council," "An Outlined Report on the Train of Thought for Devising S&T Development in the National Ninth Five-year Plan & the Long-term Scheme for National S&T Development up to 2010," "The Ninth Five-year Plan and Long-term Scheme for National S&T(?)展开更多
Based on corpus-related software and strategic framework of explicitation translation in applied texts,this paper uses Report on the Work of the Government as an example and explore the explicitation in political text...Based on corpus-related software and strategic framework of explicitation translation in applied texts,this paper uses Report on the Work of the Government as an example and explore the explicitation in political texts.According to the research results,political texts have shown explicitation in four sectors of the framework,especially the sector of first person plural pronouns,with quantity,language,culture,and others as influential factors.展开更多
I.ABOUT THE RECOMMENDATIONSA. Purpose of the Recommendations ICMJE developed these recommendations to review best practice and ethical standards in the conduct and reporting of research and other material published i...I.ABOUT THE RECOMMENDATIONSA. Purpose of the Recommendations ICMJE developed these recommendations to review best practice and ethical standards in the conduct and reporting of research and other material published in medical journals, and to help authors, editors, and others involved in peer review and biomedical publishing create and distribute accurate, clear, reproducible, unbiased medical journal articles. The recommendations may also provide useful insights into the medical editing and publishing process for the media, patients and their families, and general readers.展开更多
China's splendid achievements and fast development attract the attention of the whole world. The rising of the great power shock the rest countries. More and more people want to know what is happening in this coun...China's splendid achievements and fast development attract the attention of the whole world. The rising of the great power shock the rest countries. More and more people want to know what is happening in this country and what effect it will bring to the world. At the same time, Chinese people have gradually realized the importance of exchanging information with other countries. Under this motivation, the translation of Chinese materials into English becomes necessary and essential. It is an effective way to present China comprehensively. Among all these materials, Government Work Report is one of the most remarkable ones. The translation of it plays a key role to present the image of China to the world. But, compared with State of the Union address, the translation of Government Work Report contains some problems from the perspective of foreignization and domestication theory. This essay will discuss the differences between these two texts at the lexical, syntactic, and discourse level from the angle of foreignization and domestication theory, and give some suggestions to the translation of Government Work Report.展开更多
Government work report reflects the most authoritative information about government work conditions at present and its future plans.With the guidance of Toury s translational norm theory,this thesis focuses on the ana...Government work report reflects the most authoritative information about government work conditions at present and its future plans.With the guidance of Toury s translational norm theory,this thesis focuses on the analysis of the translation of 2015 government work report from three aspects,namely initial norms,preliminary norms and operational norms.Based on those relevant analysis,it concludes that Toury' s translational norm theory is valuable to summarize some common principles about the translation of government documents from macroscopic and microscopic views.展开更多
The Report on the work of government(2020)is an annually political discourse,which provides a consistent topic to linguistic research.And conceptual metaphor provided by George Lakoff,is an important part of cognitive...The Report on the work of government(2020)is an annually political discourse,which provides a consistent topic to linguistic research.And conceptual metaphor provided by George Lakoff,is an important part of cognitive linguistics and a way of discourse analysis.From the perspective of conceptual metaphor,this study explores proportion and distribution of conceptual metaphor used in the discourse,and analyzes the function of major metaphors.It is proved that there are totally 12 categories of metaphors,which are made up of 8 major metaphor and 4 minor metaphor.The major metaphors function hierarchically and reflect effect of epidemic represented in the discourse.By analyzing the conceptual metaphor in the discourse,it is expected to shade a light on the understanding of metaphor illustration of the discourse.展开更多
7.Pricing Policies 50. Some members of the Working Party noted that China had made extensive use of price controls, for example in the agricultural sector. Those members requested that China undertake specific commitm...7.Pricing Policies 50. Some members of the Working Party noted that China had made extensive use of price controls, for example in the agricultural sector. Those members requested that China undertake specific commitments concerning its system of state pricing. In particular, those members stated that China should allow prices for traded goods and services in every sector to be determined by market forces, and multi-tier pricing practices for such goods and services should be eliminated. Those members n...展开更多
283.The representative of China stated that Article 10 of the Anti-unfair Competition Law provided that a business operator must not infringe upon trade secrets.Under the same Article.obtaining,using or disclosing ano...283.The representative of China stated that Article 10 of the Anti-unfair Competition Law provided that a business operator must not infringe upon trade secrets.Under the same Article.obtaining,using or disclosing another's trade secrets by a third party who clearly knew or ouqht to have known that the case fell under the unlawful acts listed in the preceding paragraph was deemed infringement upon trade secrets.Trade secrets referred to any technology information or business operation information which ...展开更多
1. At its meeting on 4 March 1987, the Council established a Working Party to examine the request of the Government of the People's Republic of China ("China") (L/6017, submitted on 10 July 1986) for res...1. At its meeting on 4 March 1987, the Council established a Working Party to examine the request of the Government of the People's Republic of China ("China") (L/6017, submitted on 10 July 1986) for resumption of its status as a GATT contracting party, and to submit to the Council展开更多
Objectives: We measured health inequalities among employed Luxembourg residents over time and the socio-economic and work-related determinants. Design and Setting: Longitudinal data were obtained from the Socio-econom...Objectives: We measured health inequalities among employed Luxembourg residents over time and the socio-economic and work-related determinants. Design and Setting: Longitudinal data were obtained from the Socio-economic Liewen zu Lëtzebuerg/European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions, which has been conducted each year since 2003 in Luxembourg. Participants: Participants comprised 727 Luxembourg residents (58% men), aged between 21 and 55 years in 2003, who were employed between 2003 and 2012. Primary and Secondary Outcomes Measured: The variable of interest was self-reported health. We used transition indicators on work-related factors to consider changes that individuals may have experienced in their job over this period. Results: People who moved from a part-time to a full-time contract (odds ratio (OR): 5.52, confidence interval (CI): 1.55 - 19.73), and those who moved from the 3rd or 4th quartile of earnings to the 1st or 2nd quartile (OR: 2.48, CI: 1.02 - 6.05) between 2003 and 2012, had a higher risk of being in poor health in 2012. The risk of deterioration in self-reported health in 2012 among people who were healthy in 2003 was associated with the type of contract, economic activity, and occupation. Conclusion: Health inequalities occur among employed people in Luxembourg. Their importance varies according to work-related characteristics and economic activity. Our findings showed that declined health status was associated with contract type, profession, and economic activity. This suggests that measures should be taken to maintain good health for people working in these specific occupations or economic sectors (e.g. preventive action, reduction of risk exposure, change of occupation in the same company, and so on).展开更多
文摘Government Work Report is essential for domestic and international understanding of China’s national conditions.This paper selects the national defense section in Government Work Reports released by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China over the last fifteen years from 2009 to 2023 as an example of China’s official discourse.From the perspective of positive discourse analysis,the theory of three meta-functions of language proposed by M.A.K.Halliday in Systemic Functional Linguistics is used in this article in terms of transitivity,appraisal,mood,modality,and theme to explore the constructing of the People’s Liberation Army(PLA)image.This study finds that,by using the goals and circumstances with optimistic meaning in material processes,adopting more appreciation in attitude,applying more declaratives in mood,utilizing modal operators with high modulation,and implicit objective modal adjuncts,and employing government-focused themes,China’s official discourse objectively and authentically conveys a positive image of the brave and just PLA both at home and abroad which advocates itself to peace-keeping,and mission-fulfilling.
文摘2206. The representative of China confirmed that China also agreed to raise the limit within which investments in motor vehicle manufacturing could be approved at provincial government level only, from the current level of US$30 million, to US$60 million one year after accession, US$90 million two years after accession, and US$150 million four years after accession. The Working Party took note of this commitment. 207. With respect to the manufacture of motor vehicle engines, the representative of China ...
文摘119. The representative of China confirmed that the role of sub-national bodies would be limited to purely administrative operations, such as receiving applications from endusers and forwarding them to the central authority; receiving queries and transmitting these to the central authority; reporting on allocation and reallocation decisions made by the central authority and providing information regarding such allocations and reallocations upon request; checking the information in the applications to ve...
文摘A Review of China’s Economic and Social Development in 2015 In the past year,China has encountered many difficulties and challenges in its development.However,under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)headed by General Secretary Xi Jinping,and with confidence and courage,all the people of China have worked to overcome obstacles and have pressed
文摘Ⅰ. ACADEMIC ASSIGNMENTS ACHIEVED 1. Hosted Key State-entrusted Consultancy Projects: (1) Completion of the advisory service which had been set for the national Eighth Five-year Plan entrusted by the national authorities. (2) Achievement of the consultancy work for key programs of basic research also entrusted by
文摘Ⅰ. A REVIEW OF OUR WORK FROM 1994 TO 1996 1. Entrusted by the CPC central committee and the State Council, our Division completed its counseling assignments to the "Decision on Speeding up China’s S&T Progress Jointly Decreed by the Party’s Central Committee and the State Council," "An Outlined Report on the Train of Thought for Devising S&T Development in the National Ninth Five-year Plan & the Long-term Scheme for National S&T Development up to 2010," "The Ninth Five-year Plan and Long-term Scheme for National S&T(?)
文摘Based on corpus-related software and strategic framework of explicitation translation in applied texts,this paper uses Report on the Work of the Government as an example and explore the explicitation in political texts.According to the research results,political texts have shown explicitation in four sectors of the framework,especially the sector of first person plural pronouns,with quantity,language,culture,and others as influential factors.
文摘I.ABOUT THE RECOMMENDATIONSA. Purpose of the Recommendations ICMJE developed these recommendations to review best practice and ethical standards in the conduct and reporting of research and other material published in medical journals, and to help authors, editors, and others involved in peer review and biomedical publishing create and distribute accurate, clear, reproducible, unbiased medical journal articles. The recommendations may also provide useful insights into the medical editing and publishing process for the media, patients and their families, and general readers.
文摘China's splendid achievements and fast development attract the attention of the whole world. The rising of the great power shock the rest countries. More and more people want to know what is happening in this country and what effect it will bring to the world. At the same time, Chinese people have gradually realized the importance of exchanging information with other countries. Under this motivation, the translation of Chinese materials into English becomes necessary and essential. It is an effective way to present China comprehensively. Among all these materials, Government Work Report is one of the most remarkable ones. The translation of it plays a key role to present the image of China to the world. But, compared with State of the Union address, the translation of Government Work Report contains some problems from the perspective of foreignization and domestication theory. This essay will discuss the differences between these two texts at the lexical, syntactic, and discourse level from the angle of foreignization and domestication theory, and give some suggestions to the translation of Government Work Report.
文摘Government work report reflects the most authoritative information about government work conditions at present and its future plans.With the guidance of Toury s translational norm theory,this thesis focuses on the analysis of the translation of 2015 government work report from three aspects,namely initial norms,preliminary norms and operational norms.Based on those relevant analysis,it concludes that Toury' s translational norm theory is valuable to summarize some common principles about the translation of government documents from macroscopic and microscopic views.
基金2019 Central University Basic Research Funding Project:Research on the Evaluation System of College Students’Writing Ability,No.3072019CFW12032020 Central University Basic Research Funding Project:A study on the Cognitive Process of College Students’Reading Based on the Diagnostic Assessment,No.3072020CF1209+2 种基金2019 Heilongjiang Higher Education Teaching Reform Project:The Research and Practice of Online-and-offline Blended College English“Gold Course”in the Context of“Intelligence+”,No.SJGY201901412020 Harbin Engineering University Teaching Reform Project:A Study on the Model of English Listening Assessment and the Optimization of Remedial Teaching Methods from the Perspective of Cognitive Diagnosis,No.JG2020B332020 Heilongjiang Higher Education Teaching Reform Project:The Research and Practice of College English Teaching Mode of Integrative Both Wings Based on One Subject From the Perspective of Ideological and Political Education.
文摘The Report on the work of government(2020)is an annually political discourse,which provides a consistent topic to linguistic research.And conceptual metaphor provided by George Lakoff,is an important part of cognitive linguistics and a way of discourse analysis.From the perspective of conceptual metaphor,this study explores proportion and distribution of conceptual metaphor used in the discourse,and analyzes the function of major metaphors.It is proved that there are totally 12 categories of metaphors,which are made up of 8 major metaphor and 4 minor metaphor.The major metaphors function hierarchically and reflect effect of epidemic represented in the discourse.By analyzing the conceptual metaphor in the discourse,it is expected to shade a light on the understanding of metaphor illustration of the discourse.
文摘7.Pricing Policies 50. Some members of the Working Party noted that China had made extensive use of price controls, for example in the agricultural sector. Those members requested that China undertake specific commitments concerning its system of state pricing. In particular, those members stated that China should allow prices for traded goods and services in every sector to be determined by market forces, and multi-tier pricing practices for such goods and services should be eliminated. Those members n...
文摘283.The representative of China stated that Article 10 of the Anti-unfair Competition Law provided that a business operator must not infringe upon trade secrets.Under the same Article.obtaining,using or disclosing another's trade secrets by a third party who clearly knew or ouqht to have known that the case fell under the unlawful acts listed in the preceding paragraph was deemed infringement upon trade secrets.Trade secrets referred to any technology information or business operation information which ...
文摘1. At its meeting on 4 March 1987, the Council established a Working Party to examine the request of the Government of the People's Republic of China ("China") (L/6017, submitted on 10 July 1986) for resumption of its status as a GATT contracting party, and to submit to the Council
文摘Objectives: We measured health inequalities among employed Luxembourg residents over time and the socio-economic and work-related determinants. Design and Setting: Longitudinal data were obtained from the Socio-economic Liewen zu Lëtzebuerg/European Union Survey on Income and Living Conditions, which has been conducted each year since 2003 in Luxembourg. Participants: Participants comprised 727 Luxembourg residents (58% men), aged between 21 and 55 years in 2003, who were employed between 2003 and 2012. Primary and Secondary Outcomes Measured: The variable of interest was self-reported health. We used transition indicators on work-related factors to consider changes that individuals may have experienced in their job over this period. Results: People who moved from a part-time to a full-time contract (odds ratio (OR): 5.52, confidence interval (CI): 1.55 - 19.73), and those who moved from the 3rd or 4th quartile of earnings to the 1st or 2nd quartile (OR: 2.48, CI: 1.02 - 6.05) between 2003 and 2012, had a higher risk of being in poor health in 2012. The risk of deterioration in self-reported health in 2012 among people who were healthy in 2003 was associated with the type of contract, economic activity, and occupation. Conclusion: Health inequalities occur among employed people in Luxembourg. Their importance varies according to work-related characteristics and economic activity. Our findings showed that declined health status was associated with contract type, profession, and economic activity. This suggests that measures should be taken to maintain good health for people working in these specific occupations or economic sectors (e.g. preventive action, reduction of risk exposure, change of occupation in the same company, and so on).
