In response to local sudden disasters,e.g.,high-rise office or residential building fire disasters,road occupation can cause conflicts,and traffic directions may be opposite between evacuation vehicles and rescue vehi...In response to local sudden disasters,e.g.,high-rise office or residential building fire disasters,road occupation can cause conflicts,and traffic directions may be opposite between evacuation vehicles and rescue vehicles;moreover,lane contraflow can be adopted to meet these surge traffic demands.However,lane contraflow that provides more roads for rescue vehicles reduces the traffic supply in the evacuation direction.It is unclear how to control the number of contraflow roads used by rescue vehicles to coordinate evacuation and rescue traffic operations.Here,we adjust the critical rescue traffic volume of reversing the normal road traffic direction to control rescue contraflow.Additionally,we propose a multiobjective mixed integer linear programming formulation for evacuation and rescue traffic optimization.Additionally,considering that the upper limit of the critical rescue traffic volume is unknown and that the proposed formulation includes multiple objectives and multi-priority vehicle classes,a three-stage solving algorithm is developed.Next,a large-scale evacuation and rescue traffic optimization result dataset is obtained for the Nguyen–Dupuis road network,and the impact of different rescue contraflow control plans on evacuation and rescue traffic is studied based on data-driven sta-tistical analysis.The results show that by adjusting the optimal rescue traffic route,the critical rescue traffic volume for reversing the normal road traffic direction can reduce the interference of rescue traffic to evacuation traffic operation performance without reducing rescue traffic operation performance,and can be used to coor-dinate evacuation and rescue traffic operation under rescue contraflow.展开更多
Background This work aims to build a comprehensive and effective fire emergency management system based on the Internet of Things(IoT)and achieve an actual intelligent fire rescue.A smart fire protection information s...Background This work aims to build a comprehensive and effective fire emergency management system based on the Internet of Things(IoT)and achieve an actual intelligent fire rescue.A smart fire protection information system was designed based on the IoT.A detailed analysis was conducted on the problem of rescue vehicle scheduling and the evacuation of trapped persons in the process of fire rescue.Methods The intelligent fire visualization platform based on the three-dimensional(3D)Geographic Information Science(GIS)covers project overview,equipment status,equipment classification,equipment alarm information,alarm classification,alarm statistics,equipment account information,and other modules.The live video accessed through the visual interface can clearly identify the stage of the fire,which facilitates the arrangement of rescue equipment and personnel.The vehicle scheduling model in the system primarily used two objective functions to solve the Pareto Non-Dominated Solution Set Optimization:emergency rescue time and the number of vehicles.In addition,an evacuation path optimization method based on the Improved Ant Colony(IAC)algorithm was designed to realize the dynamic optimization of building fire evacuation paths.Results The experimental results indicate that all the values of detection signals were significantly larger in the smoldering fire scene at t=17s than the initial value.In addition,the probability of smoldering fire and the probability of open fire were relatively large according to the probability function of the corresponding fire situation,demonstrating that this model could detect fire.Conclusions The IAC algorithm reported here avoided the passages near the fire and spreading areas as much as possible and took the safety of the trapped persons as the premise when planning the evacuation route.Therefore,the IoT-based fire information system has important value for ensuring fire safety and carrying out emergency rescue and is worthy of popularization and application.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.72242102,72271021)the humanities and Social Sciences Fund of Ministry of Education of China(no.23YJC630124)the Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project of China(no.232102320021).
文摘In response to local sudden disasters,e.g.,high-rise office or residential building fire disasters,road occupation can cause conflicts,and traffic directions may be opposite between evacuation vehicles and rescue vehicles;moreover,lane contraflow can be adopted to meet these surge traffic demands.However,lane contraflow that provides more roads for rescue vehicles reduces the traffic supply in the evacuation direction.It is unclear how to control the number of contraflow roads used by rescue vehicles to coordinate evacuation and rescue traffic operations.Here,we adjust the critical rescue traffic volume of reversing the normal road traffic direction to control rescue contraflow.Additionally,we propose a multiobjective mixed integer linear programming formulation for evacuation and rescue traffic optimization.Additionally,considering that the upper limit of the critical rescue traffic volume is unknown and that the proposed formulation includes multiple objectives and multi-priority vehicle classes,a three-stage solving algorithm is developed.Next,a large-scale evacuation and rescue traffic optimization result dataset is obtained for the Nguyen–Dupuis road network,and the impact of different rescue contraflow control plans on evacuation and rescue traffic is studied based on data-driven sta-tistical analysis.The results show that by adjusting the optimal rescue traffic route,the critical rescue traffic volume for reversing the normal road traffic direction can reduce the interference of rescue traffic to evacuation traffic operation performance without reducing rescue traffic operation performance,and can be used to coor-dinate evacuation and rescue traffic operation under rescue contraflow.
基金Supported by the Key Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2019B111102002)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(KCXFZ202002011007040)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC0810704)。
文摘Background This work aims to build a comprehensive and effective fire emergency management system based on the Internet of Things(IoT)and achieve an actual intelligent fire rescue.A smart fire protection information system was designed based on the IoT.A detailed analysis was conducted on the problem of rescue vehicle scheduling and the evacuation of trapped persons in the process of fire rescue.Methods The intelligent fire visualization platform based on the three-dimensional(3D)Geographic Information Science(GIS)covers project overview,equipment status,equipment classification,equipment alarm information,alarm classification,alarm statistics,equipment account information,and other modules.The live video accessed through the visual interface can clearly identify the stage of the fire,which facilitates the arrangement of rescue equipment and personnel.The vehicle scheduling model in the system primarily used two objective functions to solve the Pareto Non-Dominated Solution Set Optimization:emergency rescue time and the number of vehicles.In addition,an evacuation path optimization method based on the Improved Ant Colony(IAC)algorithm was designed to realize the dynamic optimization of building fire evacuation paths.Results The experimental results indicate that all the values of detection signals were significantly larger in the smoldering fire scene at t=17s than the initial value.In addition,the probability of smoldering fire and the probability of open fire were relatively large according to the probability function of the corresponding fire situation,demonstrating that this model could detect fire.Conclusions The IAC algorithm reported here avoided the passages near the fire and spreading areas as much as possible and took the safety of the trapped persons as the premise when planning the evacuation route.Therefore,the IoT-based fire information system has important value for ensuring fire safety and carrying out emergency rescue and is worthy of popularization and application.
