Biobanks and biomarkers:Their current and future role in biomedical research

The importance and utility of biobanks has increased exponentially since their inception and creation.Initially used as part of translational research,they now contribute over 40%of data for all cancer research papers in the United States of America and play a crucial role in all aspects of healthcare.Multiple classification systems exist but a simplified approach is to either classify as population-based or disease-oriented entities.Whilst historically publicly funded institutions,there has been a significant increase in industry funded entities across the world which has changed the dynamic of biobanks offering new possibilities but also new challenges.Biobanks face legal questions over data sharing and intellectual property as well as ethical and sustainability questions particularly as the world attempts to move to a low-carbon economy.International collaboration is required to address some of these challenges but this in itself is fraught with complexity and difficulty.This review will examine the current utility of biobanks in the modern healthcare setting as well as the current and future challenges these vital institutions face.

Research Progress on Pathogens of Main Diseases of Dictyophora rubrovalvata and Their Occurrence

Dictyophora rubrovalvata is an edible fungus with rich nutritional value.It contains various nutrients and bioactive components,and has immunomodulation,anti-tumor,anti-oxidation,anti-fatigue,anti-aging,anti-inflammation and alcoholic hepatitis-protection effects.With the continuous expansion of planting area of Dictyophora,the disease problem has become a major problem affecting the development of Dictyophora industry.In this paper,the pathogens,harmful symptoms and causes of main diseases in Dictyophora were summarized,so as to provide reference for comprehensive control of Dictyophora diseases and promote the high-quality development of Dictyophora industry.

Current Status of Clinical Application and Basic Research on Draba nemerosa Hebecarpa Jujube Lung-Diarrhoea Soup

The clinical application and basic research of Draba nemerosa Hebecarpa jujube diarrhoea lung soup focus on respiratory diseases and circulatory diseases, and its clinical application is more compared with the basic research, and Draba nemerosa Hebecarpa jujube diarrhoea lung soup is mostly used in the form of “Draba nemerosa Hebecarpa Hebecarpa jujube diarrhoea lung soup with additional subtractions or other formulas combining Draba nemerosa Hebecarpa Hebecarpa Hebecarpa jujube diarrhoea lung soup” in the clinical application. This article will focus on the main mechanisms of Draba nemerosa Hebecarpa jujube diarrhoea lung soup and its main components in the treatment of respiratory and circulatory diseases, and will give a review of the basic research on Draba nemerosa Hebecarpa Hebecarpa jujube diarrhoea lung soup as follows.

Research and exploration of direct current power supply and distribution systems for Antarctic research stations

The power supply and distribution systems for Antarctic research stations have special characteristics.In light of a worldwide trend toward a gradual increase in the application of renewable energy,an analysis was performed to assess the feasibility of achieving a direct current power supply and distribution at Antarctic research stations by comparing the characteristics of direct current and alternating current electricity.Research was also performed on the status quo and future trends in direct current power supply and distribution systems in Antarctica research stations in combination with case studies.

Research surveys and their evolution:Past,current and future uses in healthcare

Research surveys are believed to have originated in antiquity with evidence of them being performed in ancient Egypt and Greece.In the past century,their use has grown significantly and they are now one of the most frequently employed research methods including in the field of healthcare.Modern validation techniques and processes have allowed researchers to broaden the scope of qualitative data they can gather through these surveys such as an individual’s views on service quality to nationwide surveys that are undertaken regularly to follow healthcare trends.This article focuses on the evolution and current utility of research surveys,different methodologies employed in their creation,the advantages and disadvantages of different forms and their future use in healthcare research.We also review the role artificial intelligence and the importance of increased patient participation in the development of these surveys in order to obtain more accurate and clinically relevant data.

Demand and Analysis of Clinical Research Curriculum in Medical Universities

Objective:To investigate the needs of medical students regarding clinical research curricula to provide scientifically sound offerings and cultivate their clinical research thinking.Methods:From June to October 2022,medical students at medical universities in Shaanxi Province were surveyed using online questionnaires.The survey covered their demographic information,awareness of their major,understanding of clinical research,and preferences for curriculum content.Results:A total of 341 valid questionnaires were analyzed.Medical students demonstrated a strong awareness of their majors but a relatively low awareness of clinical research.There was significant demand for clinical research courses,with preferences for professionally oriented(81.8%),market-oriented(100%),theoretically and practically integrated teaching(78.6%),and application-focused(73.0%)courses.Conclusion:Medical colleges and universities should align clinical research curricula with the actual needs of medical students and clinical practice.Reforms in curriculum design and teaching methods are essential to better prepare students for careers in public health.

Curriculum Reform Practices in “Cosmetic Product Formulation Design and Preparation Technology” Under the Perspective of Integration of Industry, Education, and Research

With the upgrading of industries,the cosmetics industry has posed new requirements for technical talents.As a professional core course in cosmetic technology,“Cosmetic Product Formulation Design and Preparation Technology”serves as the foundation for cultivating students’abilities in cosmetic development and preparation.To foster high-quality skilled talents capable of adapting to the rapid growth of color cosmetics and to better promote the deep integration of scientific and technological industries with curriculum teaching,the teacher team embarked on active explorations and practical teaching research for curriculum teaching reform from four dimensions:strengthening top-level design,enriching teaching content,optimizing teaching design,and reforming assessment methods.These efforts have enhanced students’comprehensive vocational qualities and innovative consciousness,contributing to the teaching reform in higher vocational colleges under the integration of industry,education,and research.

水稻RR基因家族生物信息学及表达模式分析

水稻反应调节因子(response regulators,RR)家族在植物生长发育中扮演着重要角色,探究RR基因在水稻中的进化及生物学特征具有重要意义。水稻RR基因家族共有22个成员,包含15个A型和7个B型基因。分析发现,水稻RR蛋白的理化性质存在差异,其中B型均为亲水蛋白(GRAVY<0);水稻RR基因有5个旁系基因对,分别为OsRR8和OsRR15、OsRR5和OsRR11、OsRR9和OsRR10、OsRR1和OsRR2、OsRR20与OsRR18,预测其与已知功能基因具有相似的功能;保守基序Motif 1与Motif 3均属于REC超级家族,作为响应调节器接收来自双组分磷酸转移系统中的信号传导,在22个OsRR蛋白中均有分布。调控元件与表达模式分析表明,RR基因具有调控脱落酸、水杨酸、茉莉酸、赤霉素与生长素等多种信号转导的潜能,参与植物防御低温、干旱等胁迫及光和厌氧等信号响应过程,同时也具有调控水稻不同组织生长发育的功能。通过对水稻RR基因进行生物信息学分析,为后续深入研究水稻RR家族成员的功能提供理论依据,也为进一步揭示植物生长发育及信号传导机制奠定了基础。

基于长短期记忆网络和梯度提升的高血压患者RR间期时间序列预测方法

目的 对高血压患者的RR间期进行预测,帮助临床医生对患者心脏状况进行分析和预警。方法 以8位患者数据为样本,通过长短期记忆网络(LSTM)和梯度提升树(XGBoost)分别对患者的RR间期进行预测,将2个模型的预测结果通过方差倒数法进行组合,克服单一模型预测的劣势。结果 提出的组合模型相较于单一模型在8位患者RR间期的预测上具有不同程度的改善效果。结论 LSTM-XGBoost模型为高血压患者RR间期预测提供了方法,具有一定的临床价值。

Research progress of necroptosis and ferroptosis in knee osteoarthritis

Knee osteoarthritis,as a chronic disabling disease,not only brings trouble to the patients,but also brings great psychological and economic burden to their families.Although there are various treatment methods,the curative effect is not good,mainly relieving symptoms,and cannot intervene the disease progression.Necroptosis and ferroptosis are two new pathways of programmed cell death discovered in recent years,they play a key role in the occurrence and development of knee osteoarthritis and also provide a new opportunity for the prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis.This article reviews necroptosis and ferroptosis and their related studies in knee osteoarthritis.

Recent Ventures in Interdisciplinary Arctic Research:The ARCPATH Project

This paper celebrates Professor Yongqi GAO's significant achievement in the field of interdisciplinary studies within the context of his final research project Arctic Climate Predictions: Pathways to Resilient Sustainable Societies-ARCPATH(https://www.svs.is/en/projects/finished-projects/arcpath). The disciplines represented in the project are related to climatology, anthropology, marine biology, economics, and the broad spectrum of social-ecological studies. Team members were drawn from the Nordic countries, Russia, China, the United States, and Canada. The project was transdisciplinary as well as interdisciplinary as it included collaboration with local knowledge holders. ARCPATH made significant contributions to Arctic research through an improved understanding of the mechanisms that drive climate variability in the Arctic. In tandem with this research, a combination of historical investigations and social, economic, and marine biological fieldwork was carried out for the project study areas of Iceland, Greenland, Norway, and the surrounding seas, with a focus on the joint use of ocean and sea-ice data as well as social-ecological drivers. ARCPATH was able to provide an improved framework for predicting the near-term variation of Arctic climate on spatial scales relevant to society, as well as evaluating possible related changes in socioeconomic realms. In summary, through the integration of information from several different disciplines and research approaches, ARCPATH served to create new and valuable knowledge on crucial issues, thus providing new pathways to action for Arctic communities.

Can ChatGPT evaluate research quality?

Purpose:Assess whether ChatGPT 4.0 is accurate enough to perform research evaluations on journal articles to automate this time-consuming task.Design/methodology/approach:Test the extent to which ChatGPT-4 can assess the quality of journal articles using a case study of the published scoring guidelines of the UK Research Excellence Framework(REF)2021 to create a research evaluation ChatGPT.This was applied to 51 of my own articles and compared against my own quality judgements.Findings:ChatGPT-4 can produce plausible document summaries and quality evaluation rationales that match the REF criteria.Its overall scores have weak correlations with my self-evaluation scores of the same documents(averaging r=0.281 over 15 iterations,with 8 being statistically significantly different from 0).In contrast,the average scores from the 15 iterations produced a statistically significant positive correlation of 0.509.Thus,averaging scores from multiple ChatGPT-4 rounds seems more effective than individual scores.The positive correlation may be due to ChatGPT being able to extract the author’s significance,rigour,and originality claims from inside each paper.If my weakest articles are removed,then the correlation with average scores(r=0.200)falls below statistical significance,suggesting that ChatGPT struggles to make fine-grained evaluations.Research limitations:The data is self-evaluations of a convenience sample of articles from one academic in one field.Practical implications:Overall,ChatGPT does not yet seem to be accurate enough to be trusted for any formal or informal research quality evaluation tasks.Research evaluators,including journal editors,should therefore take steps to control its use.Originality/value:This is the first published attempt at post-publication expert review accuracy testing for ChatGPT.

基于改进人工势场法的RRT^(*)无人船路径规划算法

为了使RRT^(*)能够更好地适应不同复杂程度的环境,并快速生成一条平滑的较优路径,本文在RRT^(*)算法的基础上引入人工势场法,设计了基于改进人工势场法的RRT^(*)算法。首先,对全局地图进行划分,并进行分区偏置采样;然后,改进节点拓展方式,引入障碍物大小因子来改进斥力势场函数,引导新节点的生成;同时,引入自适应变步长策略,根据距离障碍物的远近,以不同的步长拓展路径点。为了使规划路径更符合无人船的航行特性,采用三次非均匀B样条对改进算法生成的路径进行了平滑处理。为了验证本文改进算法的优势,通过设计特殊障碍物环境、简单障碍物环境以及复杂障碍物环境,对比分析了RRT、RRT^(*)、人工势场法和本文算法,发现了本文改进算法生成的路径平均长度短于RRT、RRT^(*)和人工势场法所规划的路径长度,路径规划效率更高,面对不同障碍物环境有更好的适用性。

Probing the Galactic Halo with RR Lyrae Stars.VI.The Radial Velocity Curve Templates of RRc Stars

We present radial velocity(RV)curve templates of RR Lyrae first-overtone(RRc)stars constructed with the Mg I b triplet and Hαlines using time-domain Medium-Resolution Survey spectra of seven RRc stars from Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope(LAMOST)Data Release 9.Additionally,we derive the relation between the stellar RV curve amplitudes and g-band light curve amplitudes from Zwicky Transient Facility(ZTF)public survey.For those RRc stars without ZTF g-band light curves,we provide the conversions from the light curve amplitudes in ZTF r-and i-bands,Gaia G-band,and V-band from the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae to those in ZTF g-band.We validate our RV curve templates using the RRc star SV Scl and find the uncertainties of systemic RV are less than 2.11 km s~(-1)and 6.08 km s~(-1)based on the Mg I b triplet and Hαlines,respectively.We calculate the systemic RVs of 30 RRc stars using the RV curve templates constructed with the Mg I b triplet and Hαlines and find the systemic RVs are comparable with each other.This RV curve template will be particularly useful for obtaining the systemic RV of RRc using the LAMOST spectroscopy.

Research funding and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine, 2019-2020

Purpose:The goal of this study is a comparative analysis of the relation between funding(a main driver for scientific research)and citations in papers of Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine over 2019-2020 and the same relation in these research fields as a whole.Design/methodology/approach:This study utilizes a power law model to explore the relationship between research funding and citations of related papers.The study here analyzes 3,539 recorded documents by Nobel Laureates in physics,chemistry and medicine and a broader dataset of 183,016 documents related to the fields of physics,medicine,and chemistry recorded in the Web of Science database.Findings:Results reveal that in chemistry and medicine,funded researches published in papers of Nobel Laureates have higher citations than unfunded studies published in articles;vice versa high citations of Nobel Laureates in physics are for unfunded studies published in papers.Instead,when overall data of publications and citations in physics,chemistry and medicine are analyzed,all papers based on funded researches show higher citations than unfunded ones.Originality/value:Results clarify the driving role of research funding for science diffusion that are systematized in general properties:a)articles concerning funded researches receive more citations than(un)funded studies published in papers of physics,chemistry and medicine sciences,generating a high Matthew effect(a higher growth of citations with the increase in the number of papers);b)research funding increases the citations of articles in fields oriented to applied research(e.g.,chemistry and medicine)more than fields oriented towards basic research(e.g.,physics).Practical implications:The results here explain some characteristics of scientific development and diffusion,highlighting the critical role of research funding in fostering citations and the expansion of scientific knowledge.This finding can support decision-making of policymakers and R&D managers to improve the effectiveness in allocating financial resources in science policies to generate a higher positive scientific and societal impact.

RR散点图低密度分布区占比Hcy FAR对心肌梗死患者病情及预后的评估价值

目的:分析RR散点图低密度分布区占比(L)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、纤维蛋白原/白蛋白比值(FAR)对心肌梗死病情严重程度及预后的评估价值。方法:以2020年6月至2022年6月本院收治的220例心肌梗死患者为研究对象,依据其入院时的Fillip分级标准将其分为低级组(Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,n=135)和高级组(Ⅲ~Ⅳ级,n=85),同时以出院预后为终点将其分为存活组(n=184)及死亡组(n=36)。入院时测定所有研究对象的L、Hcy及FAR水平,采用二元Logistic回归分析法构建以L、Hcy、FAR为变量的预测模型,以受试者特征工作曲线(ROC)分析L、Hcy及FAR对心肌梗死患者病情严重程度及预后的评估价值。结果:高级组的L、Hcy及FAR水平高于低级组(P<0.05);死亡组的L、Hcy及FAR水平高于存活组(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,L、Hcy、FAR为心肌梗死病情严重程度及预后的独立预测指标,预测模型分别为Y=-12.864+0.065×L+0.250×Hcy+0.892×FAR;Y=-13.367+0.435×Hcy+0.914×FAR。ROC曲线分析结果显示,L、Hcy、FAR联合评估心肌梗死严重程度的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.897,灵敏度为95.29%,特异性为78.52%,三者联合评估的AUC均高于各指标单独评估(P<0.05);L、Hcy、FAR联合评估心肌梗死患者预后的AUC为0.859,灵敏度为80.56%,特异性为81.52%,Hcy、FAR联合评估的AUC均高于各指标单独评估(P<0.05)。结论:L、Hcy、FAR对心肌梗死患者的病情及预后均具有一定的评估价值,且三指标联合的效能较各指标单独评估明显提高。

Analysis of the Impact of the Blazhko Effect Both on the Van Hoof Effect and Radial Velocity Amplitude in the Star RR Lyr

The Van Hoof effect is a phase shift existing between the radial velocity curves of hydrogen and metallic lines within the atmosphere of pulsating stars.In this article,we present a study of this phenomenon through the spectra of the brightest pulsating star RR Lyr of RR Lyrae stars recorded for 22 yr.We based ourselves,on the one hand,on 1268 spectra(41 nights of observation)recorded between the years 1994 and 1997 at the Observatory of Haute Provence(OHP,France)previously observed by Chadid and Gillet,and on the other hand on 1569 spectra(46nights of observation)recorded at our Oukaimeden Observatory(Morocco)between 2015 and 2016.Through this study,we have detected information on atmospheric dynamics that had not previously been detected.Indeed,the Van Hoof effect which results in a clear correlation between the radial velocities of hydrogen and those of the metallic lines has been observed and analyzed at different Blazhko phases.A correlation between the radial velocities of different metallic lines located in the lower atmosphere has been observed as well.For the first time,we were able to show that the amplitude of the radial velocity curves deduced from the lines of hydrogen and that of FeⅡ(λ4923.921?)increases toward the minimum of the Blazhko cycle and decreases toward the maximum of the same Blazhko cycle.Furthermore,we found that the Van Hoof effect is also modulated by the Blazhko effect.Thus,toward the minimum of the Blazhko cycle the Van Hoof effect is more visible and at the maximum of the Blazhko cycle,this effect is minimal.We also observed the temporal evolution of the amplitudes of the radial velocities of the lower and upper atmosphere.When observed over a long time,we can interpret it as a function of the Blazhko phases.

Global trends in diabetic eye disease research from 2012 to 2021

Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye complications that occur in diabetic patients and include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, diabetic cataracts, and diabetic glaucoma. However, the global epidemiology of these conditions has not been well characterized. In this study, we collected information on diabetic eye disease-related research grants from seven representative countries––the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom, Spain, Germany, and France––by searching for all global diabetic eye disease journal articles in the Web of Science and Pub Med databases, all global registered clinical trials in the Clinical Trials database, and new drugs approved by the United States, China, Japan, and EU agencies from 2012 to 2021. During this time period, diabetic retinopathy accounted for the vast majority(89.53%) of the 2288 government research grants that were funded to investigate diabetic eye disease, followed by diabetic macular edema(9.27%). The United States granted the most research funding for diabetic eye disease out of the seven countries assessed. The research objectives of grants focusing on diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema differed by country. Additionally, the United States was dominant in terms of research output, publishing 17.53% of global papers about diabetic eye disease and receiving 22.58% of total citations. The United States and the United Kingdom led international collaborations in research into diabetic eye disease. Of the 415 clinical trials that we identified, diabetic macular edema was the major disease that was targeted for drug development(58.19%). Approximately half of the trials(49.13%) pertained to angiogenesis. However, few drugs were approved for ophthalmic(40 out of 1830;2.19%) and diabetic eye disease(3 out of 1830;0.02%) applications. Our findings show that basic and translational research related to diabetic eye disease in the past decade has not been highly active, and has yielded few new treatment methods and newly approved drugs.

New roles of research data infrastructure in research paradigm evolution

Research data infrastructures form the cornerstone in both cyber and physical spaces,driving the progression of the data-intensive scientific research paradigm.This opinion paper presents an overview of global research data infrastructure,drawing insights from national roadmaps and strategic documents related to research data infrastructure.It emphasizes the pivotal role of research data infrastructures by delineating four new missions aimed at positioning them at the core of the current scientific research and communication ecosystem.The four new missions of research data infrastructures are:(1)as a pioneer,to transcend the disciplinary border and address complex,cutting-edge scientific and social challenges with problem-and data-oriented insights;(2)as an architect,to establish a digital,intelligent,flexible research and knowledge services environment;(3)as a platform,to foster the high-end academic communication;(4)as a coordinator,to balance scientific openness with ethics needs.

Brain Research on Mental Disorders: A Criticism

Objective: To expose the problems and inherent limitations of neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders. Method: Discussion of the theory underlying brain research on mental disorders, followed by a systematic evaluation of typical studies. Results: The fundamental problem is that brain researchers fail to differentiate between biological mental disorders in which brain processes cause the disorder (notably schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and melancholic depression) and learned mental disorders in which brain processes mediate but do not cause the disorder (which is the case with reactive depression, reactive anxiety, OCD, and PTSD). Researchers have been unsuccessful in identifying mechanisms in the brain that cause biological mental disorders, and will never be able to locate the innumerable specific neural connections that mediate learned mental disorders. Moreover, the author’s review of typical studies in this field shows that they have serious problems with theory, measurement, and data analysis, and that their findings cannot be trusted. Conclusions: Neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders, unlike other neurological research, has been an expensive failure and it is not worth continuing.