Present Situation and Thinking of the Evaluation and Management of Biomedical Projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park of Shenzhen-Hong Kong Cooperation Zone

Objective To put forward some suggestions for the improvement of the evaluation system of Shenzhen Industrial Park of Shenzhen-Hong Kong Innovation Cooperation Zone by studying the scientific research project evaluation and management system of Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED).Methods Through literature review,lessons were drawn from the review and management policies and methods of biomedical projects implemented by Japan AMED.Then some reference was provided to the review and management of the projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park.Results and Conclusion A basic review framework has been set up in Shenzhen Industrial Park,which consists of scientific research management institution of Shenzhen Industrial Park,Third-Party Review Institution and Science Committee.However,there are three problems in this system:unclear selection criteria of review experts,insufficient supervision and lack of project evaluation standards.These problems can be solved by establishing an expert think tank,setting up graded project supervisors to have the dynamic monitoring,and developing a general evaluation scale for evaluating scientific research projects in Shenzhen Industrial Park.

Japanese Community Pharmacists’ Barriers to Conducting or Participating in Practice Research

Objectives: This study identified barriers to Japanese community pharmacists’ active conduct or participation in practice research. Methods: Community pharmacists (n = 478) who gave presentations at three major pharmacy-related conferences in 2012 and 2013 were questioned about their difficulties of giving presentations, support for better presentations, and barriers to conducting pharmacy practice research in their practical setting. A questionnaire was mailed to and returned by the pharmacists directly. Results: We obtained 230 responses (47.9%). Presentation difficulties included pharmacists’ time constraints and lack of experience organizing the report’s results or discussion. Many thought statistical analysis support was necessary. The barriers were in sufficient time, community pharmacies’ lack of research supervisors, and other community pharmacists’ lack of understanding practice research’s importance. These were comparable to pharmacists’ barriers in other countries, except for money and funds. Conclusions: Japanese community pharmacists should clarify that practice research in their professional roles improves patients’ outcomes. Barriers were similar to pharmacists in other countries. Publication of pharmacists’ practice research results is important to expand their roles. Collaboration between faculties and pharmacists is a challenge for practice research development in the Japanese community setting.

Commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Victory of the war of Resistance against Japan

Chapter 1. Shenton mountain Battle making Great Prestige to the 129th DivisionChapter 2. A fierce fight in the Xiangtang town stricking the observating KMT Gen-erals dumbChapter 3. Rush Attack ! Surpris attack ! the 129th Division Creating A classics ofQuick attackChapter 4. Commanded by Mao Zedong, the 129th Division Rushed toward the GreatPlainChapter 5. Fallowing the Great Victory of the Xiang cheng Mountain Campaign,Casting a iarge net on the Southern Jinan Plain by the Commanders Liuand

Essay on Haruki Murakami’s The Last Lawn of the Afternoon:The Shadow of America Lurking in the Everyday Order

The Last Lawn of the Afternoon is one of Haruki Murakami’s most important early short stories.In this paper,I avoid conventional arguments,focusing my analysis on the encounter between the middle-aged woman and Boku,and the work’s historical backdrop and setting instead.This reveals how Boku’s personal experience speaks to the everyday lives of Japanese citizens at the mercy of circumstances in postwar Japan under American influence and international events.It appears that Murakami attempts to convert the personal minority“memories”,lurking in the everyday order of postwar Japan,into“novels”as open collaborative storiesin his early short stories.

The Whaling in the Antarctic Case, Applying the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling as a Self-contained Regime

The Whaling in the Antarctic Case (Australia v. Japan: New Zealand intervening) decided by the International Court of Justice (hereinafter "ICJ" or "the Court") on 31 March 2014 dealt with the interpretation of specific provisions of the 1946 International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW), in particular Article VIII.1, and its complementary instruments, i.e., the Schedule and the Annexes of the International Whaling Commission Scientific Committee. The decision of the Court was a remarkable good one. However, its rigorous reasoning focused almost exclusively on the required purpose of "scientific research" of the JARPA II Programme1 permits as set out in the ICRW, approaching the convention as an autonomous self-contained regime which leaves aside other additional grounds. Nonetheless, it would be beneficial for further jurisdictional developments to strengthen the scope of the ICWR system with the applicable provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and other treaties and institutions impinging on whales and whaling, e.g., CITES, Bonn Convention, Antarctic Treaty System, among others. The query remains concerning the unexplored sources of international law ruling Antarctic spaces and species which are absent in the judgment of the Court but may allow an evolutive interpretation of the ICRW.

基于CiNii Research数据库研究分析针灸在日本发展现状

简述针灸在日本的传承与发展历史,通过CiNii Research数据库搜索针灸相关文献,从临床研究、理论研究、补充和替代医疗、国民受容度、教学研究等方面分类分析近6年针灸在日本的发展情况,并通过分析典型研究机构针灸临床情况,探讨中医药文化传播的启示和思考。

Using Grey System Theory for Earthquake Forecast

By combining conventional grey correlation analysis, grey clustering method and grey forecasting methods with our multi-goal forecast thoughts and the techniques of grey time series processing, we develop six different grey earthquake forecast models in this paper. Using the record of major earthquakes in Japan from 1872 to 1995, we forecast future earthquakes in Japan. We develop an earthquake forecast model. By using the major earthquakes in Japan from 1872 to 1984, we forecast earthquakes from 1985 to 1995 and check the precision of the grey earthquake models. We find that the grey system theory can be applied to earthquake forecast. We introduce the above analysis methods and give a real example to evaluate and forecast. We also further discuss the problems of how to improve the precision of earthquake forecast and how to strengthen the forecast models in future research.

Review of the Research of the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake

On March 11,2011, a M_W9.0 earthquake occurred in the Japan Trench, causing tremendous casualties,and attracting extensive concern. Based on the results of related research,this paper analyzes the observations,phenomena and understandings of the earthquake from varied aspects,and obtains four main conclusions.(1) The earthquake,occurring in the subduction zone in the Japan Trench located in the northwest boundary of the pacific plate has two zones of concentrated coseismic slip at different depths,and the slip in the deep zone is relatively small. Though there have been many M7. 0 historical earthquakes,slips in the shallow zone are large,but there have been few historical strong earthquakes.(2) Constrained by GPS data,the study of fault movement shows that fault movement in the Japan Trench has a background of widely distributed stability and locking( the locking zone is equivalent that of coseismic rupture zone). Perturbation occurred after the 2008 M8. 0 Hokkaido earthquake,several M7. 0 events had after slips larger than the coseismic slip,and two obvious slow slip events were recorded in 2008 and2011. Eventually,the March 9,2011 M7. 0 foreshock and the March 11,2011 M_W9.0 mainshock occurred. The pre-earthquake changing of the fault movement in the Japan Trench is quite clear.(3) Traditional precursory observation show no obvious anomaly,possibly due to monitoring reason. Anomaly before earthquake consists of high stress state in focal zone reflected by some seismic activity parameters,short period anomaly in regional ground motion,etc.(4) The analysis of physical property in focal zone aroused more scientific issues,for example,is there obvious difference between physical property in focal zone and its vicinity? Does frictional property of fault determine seismogenic ability and rupture process? Whether pre-earthquake fault movement include pre-slips? Could deep fluid affect fault movement in focal zone? Experience is the best teacher,and authors hope this paper could be a modest spur to induce others in basic research in earthquake forecast and prediction.

The Fiercest Battle of World War Ⅱ

What is unique about the Battle of Imphal during the World War II is that it was the fiercest Battle of the war.Moreover,most inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent had never heard of Imphal,the capital of Manipur.Manipur is located in a North East pocket of the country sharing an international border with Myanmar,and at the time the battle occurred,the British ruling in India was extremely interested in Burma.In this Battle known as“Japan Lan”it was the Japanese Imperial Army that were the aggressors.When they came to Manipur,the Manipuris were surprised to see them-as they had probably never encountered any Japanese,because in physical appearance they resembled one another,and because they did not know the purpose of the Japanese entry into Manipur.This paper highlights why the people of Manipur had empathy for the aggressor,and the reaction of the indigenous communities to the Japanese invasion and the Battle of Imphal.

Scientific publications on orthopedic surgery from three major East Asian countries(2012-2021)

BACKGROUND East Asia is the most dynamic region in the world and includes three major countries:Japan,South Korea and China.Due to rapid economic growth,orthopedics research in East Asia has achieved great advances during the past 10 years.However,the current status of orthopedic research in Japan,South Korea and China is still unclear.AIM To understand the current status of orthopedic research in Japan,South Korea,and China.METHODS Journals listed in the“Orthopedics”category of Science Citation Index Expanded subject categories were included.The PubMed and Web of Knowledge electronic databases were searched to identify scientific publications from the selected journals written by researchers from Japan,South Korea and China.A systematic analysis was conducted to analyze orthopedic research articles published in the three countries based on the number of articles,study design,impact factors(IFs)and citations.Furthermore,we also ranked the top 10 countries worldwide with the highest publications in the past 10 years.Additionally,we ranked the top 10 countries with the highest number of publications in the world in the past 10 years.Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0 software(SPSS Inc.,Chicago,IL,United States),and statistical results are given in Tables and Figures.The Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test were used to detect differences between countries.The tendency regarding the number of articles was analyzed by curvilinear regression.A two-tailed P<0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS From 2012-2021,a total of 144518 articles were published in the 86 selected orthopedic journals.During this period,the number of worldwide published orthopedic articles has shown an annual increasing trend.A total of 27164 orthopedic research articles were published by Japan,South Korea and China during the past 10 years;44.32%were from China,32.98%were from Japan,and 22.70%were from South Korea.From 2012 to 2021,the annual number of articles markedly increased in each of the three countries.Over time,the worldwide share of articles increased substantially in South Korea(3.37%to 6.53%,P<0.001)and China(5.29%to 9.61%,P<0.001).However,the worldwide share of articles significantly decreased in Japan(5.22%to 3.80%,P<0.001).The annual total IFs of articles from China were well above those of articles from Japan and South Korea(36597.69 vs 27244.48 vs 20657.83,P<0.05).There was no significant difference among the articles in the top 10 high-IF orthopedics journals published from those three countries[South Korea(800)>China(787)>Japan(646),P>0.05].CONCLUSION Over the past 10 years,China’s scientific publications in orthopedic journals have shown an increasing trend.Considering the relative scale of the populations,Japan and South Korea have outpaced China with respect to quality.

强制留学:抗战时期日本的中国占领区留日警察政策

抗战时期,日本政府强令中国占领区各伪政权选派警察赴内务省警察讲习所留学,各伪政权大多以刚刚成立或财政困难为由,提出不派、缓派、少派请求,但在当地日军、日本使领馆和内务省派遣人员的压力下,不得不按照日本的原定计划选派。这些留日警察的接受、教育和管理,主要由外务省文化事业部和内务省警察讲习所协商负责。日本政府的目的是培养直接服务于其殖民统治和侵略战争政策的“协力者”,但它忽略了抗战时期中国人民族国家意识的增长,最终事与愿违。

史料所见丁汝昌自尽诸家说及相应价值误判

关于丁汝昌自尽的问题,百多年来聚讼纷纭。实际上,无论是日本人《劝降书》中的巧妙预设,还是中日双方臧否不一的两极认识,也无论是研究者们动用的古今中外标准,抑或史学爱好者凭心情勾画出的丁军门像,都未能完全贴近丁汝昌自决前的心理活动和决绝一念。爬疏原始史料并弄清这一问题,对于客观面对和解释新旧时代遭遇后东亚军政人物的价值判断标准及其实效性,或有补益。

二十世纪三四十年代太岳区林业建设述论

太岳区是华北地区战略要地之一,同时也是重要的林区。民国前期,阎锡山政府施行“六政三事”,该区林业建设取得了一定的成效。20世纪三四十年代,受战争影响,太岳区森林资源遭到严重的破坏。为了发展生产和保护生态环境,中国共产党领导的民主政权开展了以植树造林运动为主要内容的林业建设。通过采取出台政策、广泛宣传与典型示范等革命化举措,太岳区林业建设在增加森林面积与保持水土流失等方面产生了一些效果。但是,从长远来看,该区生态环境并未得到根本性改观,经济建设与环境保护之间的关系尚待进一步调整。

抗战时期东南地区的文艺民族形式讨论

抗战时期,闽浙赣粤四省毗连的东南地区,是一块相对独立的抗战区域。发生在这一区域的文艺民族形式讨论,规模足以与以延安为中心的西北地区和以重庆、桂林为中心的西南地区的讨论鼎足而三。东南地区的文艺民族形式讨论,没有形成讨论的焦点,但形成了几个较为固定的论域,且取得了一些较为相近的意见,在“孤悬东南”“区自为战”的情况下,还形成了自己的区域性特征,做出了自己独特的贡献。

抗战时期新四军向民众借用钱款物资问题研究

抗战时期,国民政府配发的军饷物资远远不能满足新四军的需要,新四军被迫通过自筹方式来解决后勤供应不足的问题。向民众借用钱款物资是新四军在迫不得已的情况下所采取的一种临时性的应急措施。新四军通过各种有效手段,向民众借用了钱、粮、枪支弹药、土地和其他物资,改善了新四军给养缺乏的处境。在借款借物过程中,有些地方出现了采取强制性手段、随意打白条、损坏和丢失所借物品等过激的做法,使民众对新四军产生误解和疏离。新四军正视问题,积极采取还款、赔偿、道歉等许多针对性措施,及时弥补了军民关系的裂痕,使借用钱款物资成为抗战时期新四军解决给养问题的一种“非主要”的有效的方式。

第二次世界大战日本进攻英属缅甸动因分析

太平洋战争中,日军凭借闪电攻势横扫中南半岛,夺取了西方列强在东南亚的大部分殖民地,而缅甸由于处于独特的战略位置,并拥有丰富的物资资源,使其成为日本觊觎的目标。与此同时,美国奉行“先欧后亚”战略,英国深陷欧洲战场使得盟军无法派遣多余兵力牵制日本,而日本法西斯也通过控制泰国,并利用英属缅甸内部的反英情绪拉拢缅甸国内民族主义者完成了自己在入侵缅甸之前的准备工作,种种因素促使日本法西斯走上了征服缅甸的道路。

组织化发行革新:抗战时期中国共产党对报童的团结、培养与教育

报童是清末民初以来中国报刊城市发行的重要基层力量。经史料爬梳发现,报童也构成了抗日战争期间中国共产党在国统区、敌后抗日根据地等不少城市打破发行垄断并再造发行的重要支撑。中国共产党不仅通过文化、思想、政治等教育内容对报童实施组织化革新,也促使报童由衣食无着的职业底层群体转化为集信息传播、情报沟通、对敌斗争等功能于一身的积极自主的民主战士,完成职能的丰富与拓展。这一历时性、全局性过程也反映出中国共产党对底层工人阶级进行团结、联合与组织化的优越路径。

抗战时期翻译员训练班探析

抗日战争时期,中国开展了大规模的译员征调活动,培养出大批战时军事译员,成功地满足了当时中国军队的翻译服务需求。为了培养军事译员,政府组建了翻译员训练班。经过译训班培训的翻译员,帮助中国军队排除了与国际盟军的沟通障碍,保证战时所需。这些翻译员在战后投身各类行业中,在技术引进和国际交流等方面发挥作用。