Background: International research and innovation efforts for neglected tropical diseases have increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall health research funding in relation to global burden of disease....Background: International research and innovation efforts for neglected tropical diseases have increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall health research funding in relation to global burden of disease. However, within the field of neglected tropical diseases some seem far more neglected than others. In this research the aim is to investigate the distribution of resources and efforts, as well as the mechanisms that underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical diseases. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted to establish a comprehensive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide range of neglected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of their relevance, the presence of original data, and the breadth of their scope. This was followed by thirteen in-depth open-ended interviews with representatives of private, public and philanthropic funding organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for funding research proposals. Results: The findings reveal a large difference in the extent to which the individual diseases are neglected with notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in the evaluation of research proposals relate to potential impact, the probability of success and strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and economic impact;philanthropic organizations prioritize short-term societal impact;and public generally prioritize the probability of success by accounting for follow-up funding and involvement of industry. Funding decisions of different types of organizations are highly interrelated. Conclusions: This study shows that the evaluation of funding proposals introduces and retains unequal funding distribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of diseases. Societal impact is the primary rationale for funding but application of it as a funding criterion is associated with significant challenges. Furthermore, current application of evaluation criteria leads to a primary focus on short-term impact. Through current practice, the relatively most neglected diseases will remain so, and a long-term strategy is needed to resolve this.展开更多
In this paper, four recent advances and achievements of China in agricultural insect research, namely, on the genome of silkworm (Bombyx mori Linnaeus), on the geographical differentiation and regional migration of co...In this paper, four recent advances and achievements of China in agricultural insect research, namely, on the genome of silkworm (Bombyx mori Linnaeus), on the geographical differentiation and regional migration of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)), on the standardized monitoring techniques for safety of honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus) products, and on the virus transmission property of small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén)) as well as the interactions between vector and rice stripe virus (RSV), were reported. All of these researches are very important for controlling agricultural insect pests and the diseases they transmit, accelerating the molecular biological research of silkworm, and promoting the international trade of honey bee products. Most of these achievements mentioned above have got the national, provincial, ministerial or municipal awards on science and technology.展开更多
【目的】掌握农作物病虫害识别的研究进展。【方法】以Web of Science(WOS)和中国知网(CNKI)数据库农作物病虫害识别文献为数据源,采用统计分析和文献计量法,从文献发文量、发文国家、发文机构、研究学者和研究热点的角度,分析2000—202...【目的】掌握农作物病虫害识别的研究进展。【方法】以Web of Science(WOS)和中国知网(CNKI)数据库农作物病虫害识别文献为数据源,采用统计分析和文献计量法,从文献发文量、发文国家、发文机构、研究学者和研究热点的角度,分析2000—2022年农作物病虫害识别领域的研究情况。【结果】检索得到农作物病虫害识别相关英文文献2214篇,2014年以后发文量持续增加,2014—2022年的发文量占总发文量的85.0%;检索得到中文文献2390篇,2000—2012年发文量稳步增长,2013年后波动较大但总体呈上升趋势。中国、美国占农作物病虫害识别研究总发文量的41.3%;在合作交流上,中国与美国及一些亚洲国家、欧洲国家的研究合作都较为密切。英文文献发文量最高的发文机构为中国科学院(90篇),中文文献发文量最高的发文机构为全国农业技术推广服务中心(47篇)。HUANG Wenjiang(黄文江)在国内和国际上都有显著的研究成果(45篇)。国外农作物病虫害识别领域的主要研究热点为识别模型的建立和数据获取;国内研究热点先后经历了由人工识别到专家系统,再到模型优化的转变。【结论】目前国内外农作物病虫害识别研究势头依然强劲,研究重点各有侧重;国外在模型优化、数据获取方法上有较为成熟的研究体系,但仍能挖掘出很大发展空间;国内智能化识别研究起步较晚但发展较快,未来深度学习新算法的应用可能成为农作物病虫害识别领域新的研究热点。展开更多
文摘Background: International research and innovation efforts for neglected tropical diseases have increased in recent decades due to disparities in overall health research funding in relation to global burden of disease. However, within the field of neglected tropical diseases some seem far more neglected than others. In this research the aim is to investigate the distribution of resources and efforts, as well as the mechanisms that underpin funding allocation for neglected tropical diseases. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted to establish a comprehensive overview of known indicators for innovation efforts related to a wide range of neglected tropical diseases. Articles were selected based on a subjective evaluation of their relevance, the presence of original data, and the breadth of their scope. This was followed by thirteen in-depth open-ended interviews with representatives of private, public and philanthropic funding organizations, concerning evaluation criteria for funding research proposals. Results: The findings reveal a large difference in the extent to which the individual diseases are neglected with notable differences between absolute and relative efforts. Criteria used in the evaluation of research proposals relate to potential impact, the probability of success and strategic fit. Private organizations prioritize strategic fit and economic impact;philanthropic organizations prioritize short-term societal impact;and public generally prioritize the probability of success by accounting for follow-up funding and involvement of industry. Funding decisions of different types of organizations are highly interrelated. Conclusions: This study shows that the evaluation of funding proposals introduces and retains unequal funding distribution, reinforcing the relative neglect of diseases. Societal impact is the primary rationale for funding but application of it as a funding criterion is associated with significant challenges. Furthermore, current application of evaluation criteria leads to a primary focus on short-term impact. Through current practice, the relatively most neglected diseases will remain so, and a long-term strategy is needed to resolve this.
文摘In this paper, four recent advances and achievements of China in agricultural insect research, namely, on the genome of silkworm (Bombyx mori Linnaeus), on the geographical differentiation and regional migration of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)), on the standardized monitoring techniques for safety of honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus) products, and on the virus transmission property of small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén)) as well as the interactions between vector and rice stripe virus (RSV), were reported. All of these researches are very important for controlling agricultural insect pests and the diseases they transmit, accelerating the molecular biological research of silkworm, and promoting the international trade of honey bee products. Most of these achievements mentioned above have got the national, provincial, ministerial or municipal awards on science and technology.
文摘【目的】掌握农作物病虫害识别的研究进展。【方法】以Web of Science(WOS)和中国知网(CNKI)数据库农作物病虫害识别文献为数据源,采用统计分析和文献计量法,从文献发文量、发文国家、发文机构、研究学者和研究热点的角度,分析2000—2022年农作物病虫害识别领域的研究情况。【结果】检索得到农作物病虫害识别相关英文文献2214篇,2014年以后发文量持续增加,2014—2022年的发文量占总发文量的85.0%;检索得到中文文献2390篇,2000—2012年发文量稳步增长,2013年后波动较大但总体呈上升趋势。中国、美国占农作物病虫害识别研究总发文量的41.3%;在合作交流上,中国与美国及一些亚洲国家、欧洲国家的研究合作都较为密切。英文文献发文量最高的发文机构为中国科学院(90篇),中文文献发文量最高的发文机构为全国农业技术推广服务中心(47篇)。HUANG Wenjiang(黄文江)在国内和国际上都有显著的研究成果(45篇)。国外农作物病虫害识别领域的主要研究热点为识别模型的建立和数据获取;国内研究热点先后经历了由人工识别到专家系统,再到模型优化的转变。【结论】目前国内外农作物病虫害识别研究势头依然强劲,研究重点各有侧重;国外在模型优化、数据获取方法上有较为成熟的研究体系,但仍能挖掘出很大发展空间;国内智能化识别研究起步较晚但发展较快,未来深度学习新算法的应用可能成为农作物病虫害识别领域新的研究热点。
