There are abundant water power resources in the Yalong River which are suitable for the large hydroelectric engineering. But a reliability study should be made for the valley which liable to frequent earthquakes. The ...There are abundant water power resources in the Yalong River which are suitable for the large hydroelectric engineering. But a reliability study should be made for the valley which liable to frequent earthquakes. The color infrared aerophotos, multi-spectral photography and thermal infrared scanning had been specially done besides MSS image, processing. Researches on remote sensing applications to engineering geology, hydrogeology, deformation of neo-tectonics, Iandslide, mud-rock flow, ecological environment and geographical information system had been carried out by more than 20 research units.展开更多
At the end of last year, the editors from Power and Electrical Engineers interviewed Zhou Xiaoxin on "Fundamental Research on Enhancing Operation Reliability for Large-Scale Interconnected Power Grids", a pr...At the end of last year, the editors from Power and Electrical Engineers interviewed Zhou Xiaoxin on "Fundamental Research on Enhancing Operation Reliability for Large-Scale Interconnected Power Grids", a project of "973 Program". Mr. Zhou, the chief engineer of China Electric Power Research Institute(CEPRI) and an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, is the chief scientist in charge of this research project.展开更多
Experimental studies are usually designed with specific expectations about the results in mind. However, most researchers apply some form of omnibus test to test for any differences, with follow up tests like pairwise...Experimental studies are usually designed with specific expectations about the results in mind. However, most researchers apply some form of omnibus test to test for any differences, with follow up tests like pairwise comparisons or simple effects analyses for further investigation of the effects. The power to find full support for the theory with such an exploratory approach which is usually based on multiple testing is, however, rather disappointing. With the simulations in this paper we showed that many of the common choices in hypothesis testing led to a severely underpowered form of theory evaluation. Furthermore, some less commonly used approaches were presented and a comparison of results in terms of power to find support for the theory was made. We concluded that confirmatory methods are required in the context of theory evaluation and that the scientific literature would benefit from a clearer distinction between confirmatory and exploratory findings. Also, we emphasis the importance of reporting all tests, significant or not, including the appropriate sample statistics like means and standard deviations. Another recommendation is related to the fact that researchers, when they discuss the conclusions of their own study, seem to underestimate the role of sampling variability. The execution of more replication studies in combination with proper reporting of all results provides insight in between study variability and the amount of chance findings.展开更多
The researcher network that appeared in research projects funded by the Japanese government was analyzed. Several static and dynamic network analysis methods were applied to the data for 20 years to explore the fine s...The researcher network that appeared in research projects funded by the Japanese government was analyzed. Several static and dynamic network analysis methods were applied to the data for 20 years to explore the fine structure of the researcher’s network for grants. Our analysis shows that the long-term trend of researchers’ group sizes has become smaller, particularly rapidly decreasing in recent years. Some findings on researcher behavior in joining a project have also been reported.展开更多
Collaborative research between the global north and global south is common and growing in number.Due to inability of local governments to fund research,global north actors provide the bulk of research funding.While pr...Collaborative research between the global north and global south is common and growing in number.Due to inability of local governments to fund research,global north actors provide the bulk of research funding.While providing mutual benefits,global collaborative research projects are far from ideal.In this paper,we review the authorship discrepancies in global collaborative research,discuss preventive measures in place and their shortfalls,and recommend an intervention to address the problem.Malawi research guidelines recommend collaboration between foreign and local researchers in locally conducted research.However,there is no provision requiring joint authorship in final published papers.Journal recommendations on authorship criteria exist,but they can disadvantage low-and middleincome country researchers in collaborative projects because of exclusionary interpretations of guidelines.For example,the requirement for authors to make substantial contributions to conception or design of the work may favor research grant holders,often from the global north.Systematic and holistic changes proposed to address power asymmetries at the core of the problem have been proposed.However,these proposals may take a long time to produce change.Ad interim,local institutions can take more direct action to address inequalities by establishing offices of research integrity to enforce mandates to increase opportunities for authorship in collaborative research.展开更多
文摘There are abundant water power resources in the Yalong River which are suitable for the large hydroelectric engineering. But a reliability study should be made for the valley which liable to frequent earthquakes. The color infrared aerophotos, multi-spectral photography and thermal infrared scanning had been specially done besides MSS image, processing. Researches on remote sensing applications to engineering geology, hydrogeology, deformation of neo-tectonics, Iandslide, mud-rock flow, ecological environment and geographical information system had been carried out by more than 20 research units.
文摘At the end of last year, the editors from Power and Electrical Engineers interviewed Zhou Xiaoxin on "Fundamental Research on Enhancing Operation Reliability for Large-Scale Interconnected Power Grids", a project of "973 Program". Mr. Zhou, the chief engineer of China Electric Power Research Institute(CEPRI) and an academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences, is the chief scientist in charge of this research project.
文摘Experimental studies are usually designed with specific expectations about the results in mind. However, most researchers apply some form of omnibus test to test for any differences, with follow up tests like pairwise comparisons or simple effects analyses for further investigation of the effects. The power to find full support for the theory with such an exploratory approach which is usually based on multiple testing is, however, rather disappointing. With the simulations in this paper we showed that many of the common choices in hypothesis testing led to a severely underpowered form of theory evaluation. Furthermore, some less commonly used approaches were presented and a comparison of results in terms of power to find support for the theory was made. We concluded that confirmatory methods are required in the context of theory evaluation and that the scientific literature would benefit from a clearer distinction between confirmatory and exploratory findings. Also, we emphasis the importance of reporting all tests, significant or not, including the appropriate sample statistics like means and standard deviations. Another recommendation is related to the fact that researchers, when they discuss the conclusions of their own study, seem to underestimate the role of sampling variability. The execution of more replication studies in combination with proper reporting of all results provides insight in between study variability and the amount of chance findings.
文摘The researcher network that appeared in research projects funded by the Japanese government was analyzed. Several static and dynamic network analysis methods were applied to the data for 20 years to explore the fine structure of the researcher’s network for grants. Our analysis shows that the long-term trend of researchers’ group sizes has become smaller, particularly rapidly decreasing in recent years. Some findings on researcher behavior in joining a project have also been reported.
文摘Collaborative research between the global north and global south is common and growing in number.Due to inability of local governments to fund research,global north actors provide the bulk of research funding.While providing mutual benefits,global collaborative research projects are far from ideal.In this paper,we review the authorship discrepancies in global collaborative research,discuss preventive measures in place and their shortfalls,and recommend an intervention to address the problem.Malawi research guidelines recommend collaboration between foreign and local researchers in locally conducted research.However,there is no provision requiring joint authorship in final published papers.Journal recommendations on authorship criteria exist,but they can disadvantage low-and middleincome country researchers in collaborative projects because of exclusionary interpretations of guidelines.For example,the requirement for authors to make substantial contributions to conception or design of the work may favor research grant holders,often from the global north.Systematic and holistic changes proposed to address power asymmetries at the core of the problem have been proposed.However,these proposals may take a long time to produce change.Ad interim,local institutions can take more direct action to address inequalities by establishing offices of research integrity to enforce mandates to increase opportunities for authorship in collaborative research.
