Brain Research on Mental Disorders: A Criticism

Objective: To expose the problems and inherent limitations of neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders. Method: Discussion of the theory underlying brain research on mental disorders, followed by a systematic evaluation of typical studies. Results: The fundamental problem is that brain researchers fail to differentiate between biological mental disorders in which brain processes cause the disorder (notably schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and melancholic depression) and learned mental disorders in which brain processes mediate but do not cause the disorder (which is the case with reactive depression, reactive anxiety, OCD, and PTSD). Researchers have been unsuccessful in identifying mechanisms in the brain that cause biological mental disorders, and will never be able to locate the innumerable specific neural connections that mediate learned mental disorders. Moreover, the author’s review of typical studies in this field shows that they have serious problems with theory, measurement, and data analysis, and that their findings cannot be trusted. Conclusions: Neuroscience-based brain research on mental disorders, unlike other neurological research, has been an expensive failure and it is not worth continuing.

Progress and Problems of Development Research and Application of Sand Barriers

Due to the restrictions on the conditions for afforestation and sand control,the development research,and application of sand barriers have accelerated in recent years,but some problems that cannot be ignored have emerged in practice. In this paper,the functions of wind prevention,sand blocking and fixation,improving soil physical and chemical properties and increasing plant diversity of sand barriers,accretion coefficient and capacity between sand barriers,and mobile sand barriers were analyzed firstly,and then several issues that should be noted in the development and application of sand barriers were proposed. The results show that sand barriers can fix sand on the spot and maintain the stability of sand surface. As an auxiliary measure before afforestation on a mobile sand surface,they are practical and feasible. The biggest drawback of sand barriers is that they are easy to be saturated. Although they can increase plant diversity and surface roughness,they lose the function of blocking sand flow after being saturated,and their function of in-situ sand fixation also rapidly decreases with the degradation of sand barriers. Mobile sand barriers overcome the disadvantage of sand barriers being easy to be saturated to some extent,but the cost greatly increases. In terms of desertification prevention and control by plants,plants are used as sand barriers to study their functions of sand blocking and sand fixation in many researches and practices,but the more important ecological functions of adjusting temperature on sand surface and achieving surface thermodynamic equilibrium of plants are ignored.

The Research Status and Major Problems of High Temperature and High Pressure Experiment on Petrogenesis and mineralization

1 Introduction In contrast,1experimental geochemistry is a young subject,but in recent years,the research on experiment of high temperature and high pressure has become an important branch in the parallel subjects of traditional mineralogy,petrology,geochemistry and geophysics.It is not only an important and essential way and window to understand geological processes in depth and geological

A Review of Recent Advances in Research on Asian Monsoon in China

This paper reviews briefly advances in recent research on monsoon by Chinese scholars, including primarily： （1） the establishment of various monsoon indices. In particular, the standardized dynamic seasonal variability index of the monsoon can delimit the geographical distribution of global monsoon systems and determine quantitatively the date of abrupt change in circulation. （2） The provision of three driving forces for the generation of monsoon. （3） The revelation of the heating-pump action of the Tibetan Plateau, which strengthens southerlies in the southern and southeastern periphery of the Plateau and results in a strong rainfall center from the northern Bay of Bengal （BOB） to the Plateau itself. （4） Clarification of the initial onset of the Asian Summer Monsoon （ASM） in the BOB east of 90°E, Indochina Peninsula （ICP） and the South China Sea, of which the rapid northward progression of tropical convection in the Sumatra and the rapid westward movement of the South Asia High to the Indochina Peninsula are the earliest signs. （5） The provision of an integrated mechanism for the onset of the East Asian Summer Monsoon （EASM）, which emphasizes the integrated impact of sensible heat over Indian Peninsula, the warm advection of the Tibetan Plateau and the sensible heat and latent heat over the Indochina Peninsula on the one hand, and the seasonal phase-lock effect of the northward propagation of low frequency oscillation on the other. （6） The revelation of the ＂planetary-scale moisture transport large-value band＂ from the Southern Hemisphere through to the Asian monsoon region and into the North Pacific, which is converged by several large-scale moisture transport belts in the Asian-Australian monsoon regions and whose variation influences directly the temporal and spatial distribution of summer rainfall in China. （7） Presenting the features of the seasonal advance of the EASM, the propagation of intraseasonal oscillation, and their relationship with rainfall in China; indicating that the intraseasonal oscillation of the EASM propagates in the form of a wave-train along the coast and behaves as monsoon surge propagating northward. （8） Describing the interannual and interdecadal variation of Asian monsoon, revealing the factors affecting it, and possible mechanisms of the variation of Asian monsoon. An elementary outlook on the existing problems and future direction of monsoon research is also provided.

Study on the Quality of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Discussion on the Problems

In this paper,the study on the quality of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine and its existing problems are discussed,which mainly include the research techniques and research thoughts of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine,and the problems in its research progress,at the same time,the causes for the quality problems of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine are analyzed,and the solutions for the problems are put forward. The quality research of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine should refer to traditional Chinese medicine,then inherit,carry forward and innovate it based on the modern research. Solving the problems in the development of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine and putting forward the thinkings conforming to the development of traditional Chinese veterinary medicine using advanced instruments and devices as well as science and technology are urgent affairs.

Global view of the social security system with Chinese characteristics research

The first 20 years of this century is the period of strategic opportunities of building a weU-offsociety in an all-round way, at the same time, China＇s social development is also facing a lot of systemic risk. Economic change and social transformation puts forward new requirements for the social security system reform. This paper studies the theoretical basis of the social security system reform, analyzes the status quo of China＇s social security system and the existing problems and experience in social security system of other countries for reference, on the basis of perfecting China＇s pension, medical, unemployment and other social security system, the construction is suitable for the situation of our country＇s social security system with Chinese characteristics, ensuring and improving people＇s livelihood, the achievements of reform and opening to the public to achieve genuine sharing is of great significance.

基于科研范式变革的实验动物资源创新发展

实验动物是支撑生命科学和生物医药等领域科技创新的重要基础科研条件之一。随着科研范式的变革,准确把握科学前沿和国家重大需求,进一步凝练实验动物资源创制与发展中的难点和疑点,对加快推动实验动物新品种/新品系开发和动物模型创制与发展具有重要意义。本文梳理了我国实验动物资源建设和应用情况,就应对新形势下的科研范式变革中存在的主要问题进行了深入探讨,展望了我国实验动物资源发展新动向,以期为实验动物新资源研究开发提供新视角。

Problems Facing the Implementation of the Rural Revitalization Strategy: A Case Study of Luocun Town of Shandong Province

According to the requirements of the national rural revitalization strategy and the construction of new countryside, the current situation of rural construction in Luocun Town, Zichuan District, Zibo City was taken as the entry point, the problems occurred in the local revitalization and construction were analyzed, and corresponding improvement measures were put forward.

A Case Study on Primary Problem Student in Yemen

Nowadays,problem student is a common phenomenon exiting in primary and secondary school,Yemen.However,current unknown is why problem students appear and how to make an effective intervention way for reducing the problem behaviors.Although there have been many researches about problem student's problem behaviors researches on causes,developmental mechanism and educational strategies of problem students mainly stay on the theoretical research stage.This study aimed to investigate main reason for the formation of problem students and then make an effective intervention way and examine the invention effect.Firstly,combining existing research literature and teaching experience,this study sums up that problem behavior of problem students is mainly learning problem,interpersonal problem and willpower problem.Secondly,this study selected ten"problem students"of primary school as the participants.They are simply classified into three categories in accordance with the severity of the problem behaviors of problem students.I summarized various causes and affecting factors of problem behaviors through observing their performances and behaviors,and conduct in-depth interviews and explorations throughout the whole research process.Thirdly,on the basis of kind and severity of problems,various flexibly methods were used for the intervention study of problem behaviors.After that,I conducted interviews with the study cases,parents and teachers once again and made tracked records for the intervention effect.The intervention achieves marked improvement.For example,most students greatly improve their behaviors in class.Finally,I reflect the research process itself,considering that the case study is necessary method for the issue of"problem students".The use of qualitative research method is more conducive to enter the inner world of the studying cases,and better understand their true conditions as well.And on this basis,it is easier to find a breakthrough in the problem to improve the"problem students"and make a closer link between theoretical research and practical application.

理论导向的体育社会学定量研究:问题、策略与展望

定量研究是推动体育社会学发展的关键因素。定量研究的客观性、精确性和可重复性有助于深入理解体育现象,验证理论假设,推动理论创新。当前,我国体育社会学定量研究处于上升阶段,面临诸多困境和挑战。基于“理论导向的实证研究”理念,提出解决这些困境的3个核心环节:问题意识、理论探究、数据验证。在数字社会背景下,研究者应积极运用新数据、新技术和新方法赋能理论创新,揭示新的因果机制,催生新的研究范式。

兽药产品批准文号药学研究资料常见问题浅析

本文通过对已审药学资料的审查分析,从产品信息、处方、工艺、质量标准、稳定性研究等方面对药学申报资料的常见问题加以分析总结并提出了针对性建议,旨在规范药学研究资料编写,以期对兽药产品批准文号申请有所帮助。

产学研融合的问题驱动无机化学课程教学实践

创新课堂教学模式,提升课程教学的多维度育人功能,是新时代高校课程教育教学改革的努力方向。我们在无机化学课程教学设计中,依托国家一流线上课程教学资源,产学研融合设计教学内容及教学问题,开发讨论式教学,以问题驱动学生在深入思考中完成知识的学习、理论与实践的结合、综合能力的培养以及化学专业素养的提升。

问题探索与实验研究融合任务导向教学法在仪器分析教学中的改革实践

仪器分析是化学及相关专业的主干核心课程,为了适应学科发展需要,对仪器分析教学方法进行改革与实践。该课程采用任务导向教学模式,并尝试与问题探索和研究实验相融合,通过设计特定情景,使每章知识点以层层递进的方式出现,以最大程度地调动学生的学习兴趣和积极性;完成学习内容后再进行知识总结升华,并完成问题探索和实验研究,实现融会贯通,以达到较好的全面提升效果。

辽宁产学研合作存在问题和对策建议

产学研合作不仅是科技革新的核心,也是增强产业竞争力和实现高质量发展的重要途径。辽宁产学研合作在推动科技创新和经济发展方面取得了显著成果,但仍存在一些问题和挑战。主要问题包括产学研合作深度不够、创新资源分散、缺乏长期稳定的合作机制,以及人才流失和高素质创新人才缺乏等。通过系统梳理现有的产学研合作模式,提出了一系列具有针对性和可操作性的对策建议,为辽宁省产学研的良性发展提供理论支撑。

Adjustable entropy method for solving convex inequality problem

To solve the inequality problem, an adjustable entropy method is proposed. An inequality problem can be transformed into a minimax problem which is nondifferentiable; then an adjustable entropy is used to smooth the minimax problem. The solution of inequalities can be approached by using a BFGS algorithm of the standard optimization method. Some properties of the new approximate function are presented and then the global convergence are given according to the algorithm. Two numerical examples illustrate that the proposed method is efficient and is superior to the former ones.

大厚度铝合金板疲劳裂纹扩展特性研究现状及关键问题探讨

试样厚度增加引发的裂纹扩展“马鞍效应”是厚度与三维裂纹端部应力应变场内在联系的表象反映,在未得出这种内在联系机理与规律的情况下,基于传统模型对大型机械设备中的厚板及变厚度板进行损伤容限评定必然存在很大的风险。以大厚度铝合金板为研究对象,从三维裂纹端部应力应变场与裂纹扩展形貌之间的关系、疲劳裂纹扩展的厚度效应、腐蚀与疲劳共同作用下裂纹扩展机理与模型等三个方面,对裂纹扩展相关问题的研究现状进行了总结分析,对大厚度铝合金板疲劳裂纹扩展特性研究的关键问题进行了探讨。

动物解剖学研究性教学的问题式教学法

动物解剖学的研究性教学是基于研究性问题的一种教学模式,围绕课程内容挖掘和设计研究性问题,激发学生的学习兴趣和求知欲,鼓励学生充分利用各种资源主动探索和研究,开阔视野,开发思维,既能加深对重点和难点的理解,又能梳理知识点,发现与知识点相联系的一些科学元素,从而提升学生科研能力和创新能力。本文从动物解剖学开展研究性教学的意义,以学生为主体培养研究性思维,梳理知识体系筛选综合性研究性问题,研究性问题的完成方法等几个方面对研究性教学的问题教学法进行了探索与思考,以期为动物解剖学开展研究性教学提供参考。

扩展现实背景下的虚拟体验设计研究

目的如何通过以扩展现实为代表的前沿交互技术支持新兴实践活动、实现意义建构,是设计学科当前面临的重要问题之一。通过对虚拟体验设计进行研究,提出研究问题,为后续的设计理论创新与实践打下基础。方法以设计学理论为主导,融合了哲学、人机交互、社会心理学等多学科知识进行理论研究。结果提出扩展现实背景下的虚拟体验设计概念、特征,构建虚拟体验设计研究的框架,分析突破点及应用。结论虚拟体验设计的概念以虚拟体验的虚拟-现实连续体模型来表达,具有个体与社会群体两个层面的含义。通过梳理体验相关的设计理论,总结虚拟体验设计时空重塑、社会性、设计研究角度的突破等特征。从设计对象、设计过程、设计意义三个方面构建虚拟体验设计的研究框架,依此提出设计问题的突破点,即空间化的设计实践对象与交互技术;系统性的设计研究方法;具有社会性特征的设计价值观与主题,并在设计方法研究、设计主题方面提出创新观点,为虚拟体验设计的系统、深入研究提供了参考。

地方本科院校研究性教学改革的困境及破解策略

地方本科院校研究性教学改革推进艰难,处于边缘化的尴尬境地。传统灌输式的教学依旧处于主导地位。地方本科院校研究性教学面临着教师教学制度性话语权虚置、科学研究对教学的侵蚀、学生学习消费主义、综合素质测评异化等困境。为全面深入推进地方本科院校研究性教学改革,可从组织结构、管理制度等层面着手,即重塑权力结构,赋予专业权力;推进科学研究与教学的融合;遏制学生学习消费主义,重构和谐的师生关系;构建基于胜任力的综合素质测评与多通道专项激励。

食品破壁技术研究进展

在人类饮食科技领域,破壁技术作为一项革命性的突破,它对食品产业的蓬勃发展起到了至关重要的推动作用。通过破壁,不仅营养物质的释放吸收和利用效率得到显著提升,而且食品的整体品质也得到显著改善。但破壁技术在实际应用中面临系列挑战,存在破壁过程中出现的高温导致营养素损失、设备能耗高和产出效率低等问题。面对这些问题,国内外学者积极探索,以实现营养的最佳吸收和食品的最高安全标准。本文关注破壁技术发展趋势,深入剖析了食品破壁技术的发展历程、梳理归纳总结机械法、非机械法、联合法等各类破壁方法 、围绕工艺研究、机制探究、品质改进综述了国内外的研究动态,分析总结了亟待解决的问题,展望了未来的发展趨势与应用前景,旨在为食品破壁技术的持续创新提供理论支撑和实用指导。