A Novel Metric for Assessing National Strength in Scientific Research:Understanding China’s Research Output in Quantum Technology through Collaboration

Purpose:The 5th Plenary Session of the 19th Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee clearly states that developing science and technology through self-reliance and self-strengthening provides the strategic underpinning for China’s development.Based on this background,this paper explores a metric model for assessing national scientific research strength through collaboration on research papers.Design/methodology/approach:We propose a novel metric model for assessing national scientific research strength,which sets two indicators,national scientific self-reliance(SR)and national academic contribution(CT),to reflect“self-reliance”and“self-strengthening”respectively.Taking the research papers in quantum technology as an example,this study analyzes the scientific research strength of various countries around the world,especially China in quantum technology.Findings:The results show that the research of quantum technology in China has always been relatively independent with fewer international collaboration papers and located in a more marginal position in cooperation networks.China’s academic contribution(CT)to global quantum technology research is increasing and has been greater than that of the United States in 2020.Combining the two indicators,CT and SR,China’s research strength in the quantum field closely follows the United States,and the United States is the most powerful with high research autonomy.Research limitations:This paper only reflects China’s scientific research strength in quantum technology from collaboration on research papers and doesn’t consider the segmentation of quantum technology and the industrial upstream and downstream aspects,which need further study.Practical implications:The model is helpful to better understand the national scientific research strength in a certain field from“self-reliance”and“self-strengthening”.ScienceOriginality/value:We propose a novel metric model to measure the national scientific research strength from the perspective of“self-reliance”and“self-strengthening”,which provides a solid basis for the assessment of the strength level of scientific research in countries/regions and institutions.

肌肉超声回声联合血浆炎性因子对ICUAW诊断及预后评估的价值研究

目的:探讨重症监护病房(intensive care unit,ICU)获得性肌无力(ICU acquired weakness,ICUAW)患者肌肉超声回声与血浆炎性因子的相关性,以及其对ICUAW的诊断价值和预后的预测价值。方法:选择重庆市急救医疗中心ICU住院患者,分别在第1、3、7天使用床旁超声检测患者肌肉回声,获得的总体肌肉回声评分(global muscle echogenicity score,GEM),测定血清白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)浓度,采用医学研究理事会肌力评分法(medical research council scales,MRC-ss)评估肌肉力量。根据患者入ICU第7天MRC-ss评分将患者分为ICUAW组和非ICUAW组,分析比较2组患者GEM、IL-6、PCT的差异及各指标的相关性。利用受试者工作特征(receiver operator characteristic,ROC)曲线分析以上参数对ICUAW诊断效能,分析GEM、IL-6、PCT对ICUAW患者的预测预后价值。结果:ICUAW组第3天GEM、第7天IL-6浓度、GEM高于非ICUAW组(P<0.05)。GEM与第7天IL-6水平呈正相关(r=0.221),第7天GEM与MRC-ss评分呈负相关(r=-0.581)。ROC曲线分析显示,第7天GEM对ICUAW有诊断预测价值,ROC曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)为0.838,使用GEM、IL-6、PCT联合诊断,AUC=0.885(P<0.05)。ICUAW组Barthel指数评分(Barthel index,BI)低于非ICUAW组,ICUAW组中总体肌肉超声回声评分(global muscle echogenicity score,GEM)高的患者BI低于GEM低的患者(P<0.05)。结论:ICU住院患者GEM与IL-6、PCT浓度相关,其对ICUAW具有一定的诊断价值,并能够预测ICUAW患者的预后。

高海拔地质复杂地区喷射混凝土超早强材料应用研究

将纳米早强功能材料、增强型无碱速凝剂及混凝土稳态保塑剂进行有机结合,开发了高海拔地质复杂地区喷射混凝土超早强材料,以解决高海拔地质复杂地区喷射混凝土的超早强性能与工作性能保持、长龄期强度增长的矛盾。研究水胶比、减水剂掺量、纳米早强功能材料、增强型无碱速凝剂及混凝土稳态保塑剂对喷射混凝土的工作性能及抗压强度的影响,通过水化热和水化产物形貌测试探究了其超早强性能和工作性能保持的作用机制,并在某工程进行了工程应用评价。结果表明,8h, 24h和28d的抗压强度分别达到11.9,25.6,53.3MPa。

硬化促进剂对水泥基泡沫混凝土性能影响

为分析硬化促进剂对水泥基泡沫混凝土性能的影响,对加入不同硬化促进剂的水泥基泡沫混凝土进行试验。以水泥质量为基准,分别添加2.0%的氯化钙和0.5%的草酸钙作为硬化促进剂,降低混凝土混合物的收缩变形,增加硬化泡沫混凝土的抗压强度。结果表明,集料稳定性显著提升,泡沫混凝土混合物的塑性收缩降低了47%~65%。在含有硬化促进剂的泡沫混凝土中,28 d龄期D400的抗压强度从0.31 MPa增至0.47 MPa, D600的抗压强度从0.96 MPa增至1.44 MPa,同时密度保持为D400和D600的平均密度。添加硬化促进剂可以有效提升水泥基泡沫混凝土的性能,满足实际工程的要求。

高强β钛合金的发展现状与强化方法

钛合金是比强度最高的金属材料之一,广泛应用在航空航天领域。随着材料技术的进步,人们对高强钛合金的研究与开发也逐渐深入。综述了国内外高强β钛合金的发展现状与主要的强化方式。重点介绍了Ti-13-11-3、Ti-l023、Ti-5553以及Ti-55531等典型高强钛β合金。梳理了高强β钛合金的设计思路,指出了限制高强β钛合金向更优性能发展的瓶颈并提出了可能的解决途径。总结了固溶强化、析出强化、加工硬化、细晶强化以及增材技术等高强β钛合金的强化方法,以期为进一步提高高强β钛合金的强度、优化高强β钛合金综合性能提供指导。

Tensile properties of high strength cast Mg alloys at room temperature:A review

As most Mg alloy products are now produced by a casting process,the development of high strength cast Mg alloys can promote their further applications and has already become one of the hot research areas of Mg alloys.The present paper reviews the strengthening mechanisms,tensile properties and modification results of commercial high strength cast Mg alloys;as well as the development of Mg-Gd,Mg-Nd and Mg-Sn based alloys.It concludes that precipitation strengthening is the most important strengthening mechanism in high strength cast Mg alloys,which contributes more than 60%of yield strength in solution&peak-aged(T6)cast Mg alloys.For the yield strength,the alloys follow the sequence of Mg-Gd(Y)-Ag>Mg-Gd(Y)-Zn>Mg-Gd-Y/Sm/Nd>Mg-Y-Nd(WE series)>ZK61>Mg-Nd>AZ91>Mg-Sn.Mg-Gd(Y)-Ag based alloys are the strongest cast Mg alloys at present,followed by Mg-Gd(Y)-Zn based alloys.The high yield strengths of Mg-Gd(Y)-Ag and Mg-Gd(Y)-Zn cast alloys are due to the co-precipitation of basal and prismatic meta-stable phases.

聚合物乳液对自密实混凝土性能的影响

研究了乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚乳液、苯丙乳液和丁苯乳液对自密实混凝土工作性能、静态稳定性、力学性能和体积稳定性的影响。结果表明:三种聚合物乳液均可增加自密实混凝土扩展时间T500,降低自密实混凝土J环障碍高差、贯入度和干燥收缩率,显著提高自密实混凝土黏结强度,且均可满足Q/CR 659—2018《高速铁路混凝土结构用修补砂浆》中28 d龄期黏结强度大于2.0 MPa的要求,但会不同程度降低自密实混凝土抗压强度,其中掺入乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚乳液的自密实混凝土抗压强度降幅最小,且其强度可达到C55混凝土强度要求,因此该自密实混凝土可用于钢管混凝土拱桥拱肋脱空修补。

凝灰岩粉比表面积对水泥浆体性能的影响

采用不同比表面积的凝灰岩粉取代30%水泥(按总胶凝材料质量计),研究了不同比表面积凝灰岩粉对水泥净浆流动度、胶砂强度、水化热的影响,以及凝灰岩粉取代水泥对碳排放量的影响。结果表明:比表面积381 m^(2)/kg的凝灰岩粉取代水泥可提升净浆初始流动度,但随着凝灰岩粉比表面积增大,净浆初始流动度明显降低;不同比表面积凝灰岩粉对3 d胶砂抗压强度的贡献与粉煤灰、矿渣粉相近,但对28、56 d胶砂抗压强度的贡献低于粉煤灰和矿渣粉;凝灰岩粉比表面积增大有利于提升胶砂抗压强度,但比表面积由495 m^(2)/kg增至700 m^(2)/kg时,对胶砂抗压强度的提升效果有限,综合考虑经济性和抗压强度,作矿物掺和料时凝灰岩粉宜磨细至比表面积495 m^(2)/kg;粉煤灰、矿渣粉和凝灰岩粉取代水泥均能降低水化放热速率峰值和72 h累计放热量,比表面积700 m^(2)/kg的凝灰岩粉对水泥水化进程的加速效果强于粉煤灰、矿渣粉和其他比表面积凝灰岩粉;495 m^(2)/kg比表面积的凝灰岩粉取代30%水泥后制成的复合胶凝材料,碳排放量降低29.5%。

螺栓连接的装配式钢-混凝土组合梁抗弯性能试验研究

为了明确摩擦型高强螺栓在钢-混凝土组合梁中的适用性,以螺栓连接钢-混凝土组合梁足尺试件为对象开展抗弯性能试验,获得了螺栓连接钢-混凝土组合梁的极限承载力、初始抗弯刚度以及界面滑移等数据。此外,采用ABAQUS软件建立了螺栓连接钢-混凝土组合梁有限元模型,并通过试验验证了模型的可靠性。在此基础上,进行了参数化分析,讨论了螺栓预紧力和螺栓等级对螺栓连接钢-混凝土组合梁抗弯性能的影响。研究结果表明:试件呈现典型的弯曲破坏,螺栓连接件产生的界面摩擦力可以很好地传递纵向剪力,使螺栓连接钢-混凝土组合梁具有较高的初始抗弯刚度、承载力和塑性变形能力;螺栓预紧力的增大对螺栓连接钢-混凝土组合梁的极限承载力和初始抗弯刚度影响较小,但可有效提高其滑移荷载;螺栓等级的提高将导致螺栓连接钢-混凝土组合梁的初始抗弯刚度和滑移荷载降低。该研究结果为高强螺栓在装配式组合梁中的应用提供了参考。

高强度地膜在农业生产上的应用研究进展及对残膜回收的影响概述

高强度地膜是一类新型农用地膜,具有拉伸力强、易回收、可重复利用的特点,在农业生产和防治农业“白色污染”方面具有较为广阔的应用前景。对我国农用地膜污染现状和高强度地膜在农业生产上的应用研究进展进行综述,分析高强度地膜在农业生产应用中存在的问题,提出高强度地膜的应用与发展建议。

Life History Research in Education

Life history research,as one of the most powerful research methods in sociology,brings some re-freshened air into interpretive research.In this paper,the development of life history research,from modernism to postmodernism,from life story to life history,is firstly illustrated.Then the process of conducting life history research is analyzed specifically,which is followed by its unique strengths.Finally,its issues,its general issues and its special issues in Chinese context,are critically examined.

大型高强耐热镁合金构件的热处理工艺研究

经过拉伸试验和微观组织观察,对合金成分为Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr的大型高强耐热镁合金构件进行了性能与组织分析。结果显示,热处理工艺对改善其性能和微观组织有着显著的影响,在多种热处理工艺中确定了最佳的工艺参数组合:430℃×8h+225℃×16h。在此工艺条件下,合金内部发生了动态再结晶,晶粒明显细化,极大提高了其抗拉强度。随着时效增加,灰色LPSO相的数量逐渐增加,进一步增强了合金的力学性能;合金轴向抗拉强度为332MPa,延伸率为11.5%;环向抗拉强度为375MPa,延伸率为12.3,这些结果充分展示了镁合金在高温环境下的卓越力学性能和良好的耐热性。

CHARACTERISTICS OF STRENGTH CONTROL OF ADAPTIVE STRUCTURE WITH ELECTROMECHANICAL COUPLING

Based on the programming method, an electromechanical coupling adaptive statically indeterminate truss structure is controlled for increasing its load capacity. Several main parameters during the process of design of the adaptive structure are selected for a study of its characteristic during the control stage. The curves of each parameter for the effect of control results are plotted and corresponding conclusions are drawn. Thus, the theoretical basis is presented for optimal design, manufacture and control of the adaptive structure.

建制性科技力量与社会创新力量融合:美国和德国的经验及启示

强化国家战略科技力量是我国完善科技创新体系的重要举措。以国家科研机构和高水平大学为主的建制性科技力量和以科技领军企业为主的社会创新力量作为国家战略科技力量的重要组成部分,优化两者创新资源配置,优化协同攻关机制,有助于加快国家战略科技力量建设。美国国家实验室GOCO模式和德国创新集群策动是建制性科技力量和社会创新力量结合的典型案例,并且美国和德国大力推动建制性科技力量创新资源共享,提高了社会创新力量的合作积极性。通过总结美国和德国的建制性科技力量与社会创新力量结合模式以及建制性科技力量资源共享方面的经验,提出社会创新力量参与的新型实验室和创新集群模式;在项目合作和重大科研设施、数据开放共享方面提出几点建议,以促进我国建制性科技力量与社会创新力量结合。

中国地区知识产权保护强度测量的综述与展望

现有研究对中国地区知识产权保护强度的测量指标和方法繁多,导致相关研究得出不一致甚至矛盾的结论。为提高测量的科学性,首先分析地区知识产权保护强度的构念类型,发现其包含正式知识产权制度、非正式知识产权制度和知识产权制度执行程度,是一个典型的构成型构念。其次,对75篇中英文文献进行系统梳理和述评,发现大部分测量方法没有覆盖知识产权保护的所有维度,并存在指标选取方法繁多、过于依赖反映型测量指标和间接测量指标以及混用构成型和反映型测量指标等不足。最后,针对现有测量方法的不足,基于构成型构念的测量原理,从全面测量知识产权保护强度的所有维度、科学选取构成型测量指标和加强对地区非正式知识产权制度的测量等方面提出改进建议,并基于上述建议提出改进测量方案。研究结果有助于提高中国地区知识产权保护强度测量的全面性和科学性,为相关研究和政策制定奠定测量基础。

Development and application research of light weight heat treated B-grade bulletproof steel

The light weight heat treated B-grade bulletproof steel was developed through composition design and optimization based on multiplex alloying,multiplex micro-alloying design ideas and complex phase structure strengthening theory.The puzzle how to avoid the quenching deformation problem of super high strength thin sheet was solved through heat treatment in a die with a set of cooling system.Such B-grade bulletproof steel plate has fine tempered lath martensite structure.The shooting and certification test results showed that the shoot resistance of B-grade bulletproof steel plate can meet the protection demand of Protection specification for cash carrying vehicles(GA 164—2005).In comparison with B-grade bulletproof steel plate made by one of the companies in Sweden,the weight of the developed B-grade bulletproof steel plate can be decreased by 8 %under the same shoot resistance condition.It will be meaningful for cash truck and anti-hijacking vehicle to realize light weight,energy conservation and emission reduction.

祛邪泻实刺法对面神经炎患者面肌恢复的影响

目的:分析祛邪泻实刺法对面神经炎患者面肌功能恢复的临床疗效。方法:选取2019年5月到2021年11月我院就诊的70例面神经炎患者用随机数字表法分为治疗组35例,用祛邪泻实刺法治疗,常规组35例,用常规传统的针刺法治疗,通过分析治疗前后H-B面神经功能分级,评价比较两组临床疗效,并评价两组治疗前后中医症状体征积分、面部肌力和肌电图的变化。结果:治疗组总有效率97.1%,高于常规组的总有效率88.6%(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组中医症状体征积分(口角偏斜、鼻唇沟深浅、耸鼻、鼓腮漏气、食物残留)较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),而治疗组上述积分的降低幅度大于常规组(P<0.05);治疗后两组面部肌力较本组治疗前升高(P<0.05),而治疗组的升高幅度大于常规组(P<0.05);治疗后两组口轮匝肌、鼻肌的运动神经传导潜伏期较本组治疗前降低(P<0.05),而治疗组的降低幅度大于常规组(P<0.05);治疗后两组口轮匝肌、鼻肌神经传导波幅较本组治疗前延长(P<0.05),而治疗组的延长幅度大于常规组(P<0.05)。结论:祛邪泻实刺法更利于面神经炎患者面肌肌力的改善,促进功能恢复。

玄武岩纤维在碱介质中的侵蚀机理、性能变化及其耐碱性提升策略的研究进展

玄武岩纤维因具有高弹性模量、高抗拉伸强度等优点,常用于增强材料添加至混凝土、树脂等建筑材料中,能够显著提高基体的各项力学性能。但目前对玄武岩纤维在不同碱性环境下的侵蚀行为仍存在争议,因此,本文通过归纳玄武岩纤维的应用领域特点,以玄武岩纤维处于碱性环境为例,系统总结了玄武岩纤维的原料、化学成分/矿物组成及分类、碱侵蚀机理、碱侵蚀前后化学成分组成及微观结构的改变,以及侵蚀前后的性能差异。同时,总结了提高玄武岩纤维耐碱性的可能路径。综上,针对玄武岩纤维生产过程或表面处理来提高其在复杂环境介质下的耐受性,将会是未来拓展玄武岩纤维应用场景的关键研究方向。

Bilateral shear strength of rectangular frame column based on simplified space truss-arch model

To investigate the bilateral shear strength of rectangular frame column subjected to oblique horizontal load, we presented a simplified space truss-arch model developed from unilateral truss-arch model. Main parameters in the new model were the cross-sectional area, transverse reinforcement raito, axial load, and material strength of the column. The reduction coefficient of concrete sterength owing to the severe cracking of column was also introduced in the model. Finally, 14 specimens under oblique horizontal load were tested to verified the feasibility and applicability of the space truss-arch model.

多尺度聚丙烯纤维混凝土二次衬砌受力特性研究

运营隧道出现开裂、渗漏水、腐蚀等严重病害时,对衬砌病害的治理不仅要考虑支护结构的受力状况,还需考虑支护材料的性能。基于某病害隧道二次衬砌置换项目,开展了多尺度聚丙烯纤维混凝土(Multi-scale Polypropylene Fiber Reinforced Concrete,MPFRC)的二次衬砌现场浇筑试验,对衬砌强度、隧道表观、初期支护与二次衬砌接触压力、混凝土应变等进行长期观测与数据采集,研究了纤维混凝土二次衬砌结构的受力特性。结果表明:纤维对混凝土的强度提升明显,抗压、劈裂抗拉和抗折强度分别增长了7.51%、11.45%和26.95%;普通混凝土段与纤维混凝土段初期支护与二次衬砌最大接触压力均在拱脚,分别为282.63 kPa和231.83 kPa;二次衬砌纤维混凝土的应变相比于普通混凝土要小约45.45%,其应变-时间曲线相对平缓、数值更加稳定;MPFRC提高了衬砌强度的安全性,研究成果可为类似工程的病害预防与治理提供参考。