Long-term improvements in water conservation functions at Qilian Mountain National Park, northwest China

Water conservation is one of the most important ecosystem functions.This study uses the InVEST model to examine the water conservation function of the Qilian Mountain National Park(QMNP),an important water supply area in northwest China.We analyzed the spatiotemporal water conservation patterns of QMNP from 1988 to 2019.It showed that the water conservation capacity in QMNP has increased over the past 32 years,reaching a peak of 6.495×108 m3 in 2019.The area with an increased water conservation capacity is 12 times larger than the area with a reduced capacity.We also examined how climatic,land-use,vegetation coverage,and topographical factors influence water conservation functions.We found that precipitation is the main climatic factor in water conservation.The water conservation function also varies with land-cover type,with forests having the highest capacity,followed by grasslands.Lastly,topographical factors,including altitude and slope,also shape the spatial patterns of water conservation functions in QMNP.

High-quality Development Evaluation System of Water Parks

Based on the connotation of high-quality development of water parks,this study established an evaluation system from distinctive water conservancy characteristics,excellent ecological environment,strong cultural atmosphere,strong development momentum,safe and efficient management,and significant comprehensive benefits,including 23 main contents and 52 evaluation indicators.Delphi method was used to score,and the evaluation results were divided into 3 levels,thus forming the evaluation system of high-quality development of water parks.This evaluation system has been preliminarily applied to the collection and selection of typical cases of the first national high-quality development of water parks.A total of 30 typical cases of high-quality development of water parks in China were collected and selected,and the first batch of 10 benchmark scenic spots were announced for key recommendation,and considerable application results have been achieved.

Discussion on Cultural Inheritance of Water Parks in the Yellow River Basin

At the Symposium on Ecological Protection and High-quality Development of the Yellow River Basin, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "it should deeply explore the time value contained in the Yellow River culture, tell the story of the Yellow River well, and protect, inherit and carry forward the Yellow River culture". Water park is an important carrier of the Yellow River culture transmission. In this paper, the basic characteristics and regional distribution of water parks in the Yellow River basin are analyzed. For the problems faced by cultural heritage of water parks in the Yellow River basin, from three aspects of exploring and integrating the connotation, innovating communication methods, and shaping brand IP, cultural heritage of water parks in the Yellow River basin is discussed. It is beneficial to carry forward the Yellow River culture, and better meet the spiritual and cultural needs of the people.

Evaluation of Thermal Comfort in Urban Parks in Guangzhou City

Thermal comfort evaluations for Yuexiu Park,Lushan Park,and Baiyun Lake Park in Guangzhou were conducted using field meteorological data collection,visitor questionnaires,and literature reviews.It analyzed the impact of green coverage,water body layout,and facility configuration on thermal comfort.The results showed that good green and water body design effectively lowered the temperature in the park and improved the thermal comfort of visitors,but the insufficient facility configuration in some open areas affected the experience.The visitor’s experience is closely related to the natural environment and facility layout of the park.Therefore,in the future,park design should pay more attention to the rational configuration of shading,ventilation,and cooling facilities to improve thermal comfort,and encourage citizens to participate in the construction and management of parks to improve ecological quality and user experience.This study provides a reference for the improvement of thermal comfort in urban parks in Guangzhou and aims to promote the sustainable and human-oriented development of urban park design.

Study of the water quality in Liaohe Park based on the model of GAM

This paper assesses the quality of Daliao river through Liaohe Park based on the model of GAM for water quality analysis and the monitoring data from 2006 to 2011.The results showed that the value of pH per year tended to the average; the DO in 2011 was much higher than that in other years, and the DO in 2006 .was lower than the standard value; the quality risk in six sections was still higher than the standard value in 2007, which was caused by the high concentrations of COD. However, the value of ammonia nitrogen changes was only 40% related to DO and COD.

Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Water Quality and Nutrient Removal Efficiency of Restored Wetland： A Case Study in Fujin National Wetland Park, China

To investigate the spatio-temporal and compositional variation of selected water quality parameters and understand the puri- fying effects of wetland in Fujin National Wetland Park （FNWP）, China, the trophic level index （TLI）, paired samples t-test and correla- tion analysis were used for the statistical analysis of a set of 10 water quality parameters. The analyses were based on water samples collected from 22 stations in FNWP between 2014 and 2016. Results initially reveal that total nitrogen （TN） concentrations are above class V levels （2 mg/L）, total phosphorus （TP） concentrations are below class III levels （0.2 mg/L）, and that all other parameters fall within standard ranges. Highest values for TN, pH, and Chlorophyll-a were recorded in 2016, while the levels of chemical oxygen de- mand （CODMn） and biochemical oxygen demand （BODs） were lowest during this year. Similarly, TN values were highest between 2014 and 2016 while dissolved oxygen （DO） concentrations were lowest in the summer and TP concentrations were highest in the autumn. Significant variations were also found in Secchi depth （SD）, TN, CODMn （P 〈 0.01）, TP, and DO levels （P 〈 0.05） between the inlet and outlet of the park. High-to-low levels of TN, TP, and TDS were found in cattails, reeds, and open water （the opposite trend was seen in SD levels）. Tested wetland water had a light eutrophication status in most cases and TN and TP removal rates were between 7.54%-84.36% and 37.50%-70.83%, respectively. Data also show no significant annual changes in water quality within this wetland, although obvious affects from surrounding agricultural drainage were nevertheless recorded. Results reveal a high major nutrient removal efficiency （N and P）. The upper limits of these phenomena should be addressed in future research alongside a more efficient and scientific agricultural layout for the regions in and around the FNWP.

An Appraisal of Water Availability, Infrastructures for Faecal Disposal and the Potential of Spread of Infectious Diseases in the Traveling Agencies and Motor Parks in the City of Yaounde (Cameroon)

The number of interurban and urban-rural travelers in the city of Yaounde has recently exceeded one hundred thousand per year, yet surprisingly few studies have assessed travelers’ behavior, illness, and risk factors in a sanitary risks setting. Particularly scarce are surveys of data spanning travel, return, and follow-up of the same cohort in traveling agencies and parks. This study examines behavior and illness among travelers moving from Yaounde to other urban and rural areas of Cameroon and beyond. Patterns of behavior connected to a type of travel and illness are characterized in this study so as to identify risks factors and provide background data for pre-travel advice in our traveling agencies. Assessing the susceptibility that imported cases could pose to the national response to infectious diseases depends both on public health, health services and infrastructures. The six agencies assessed: Nvan, Mokolo, Tongolo, Biyem Assi, Mimbowman and Etoudi reveal that the sanitary infrastructures for faecal and urinary disposal are not sufficient and more so, some agencies do not keep enough cleanliness, let alone provide adequate hand washing material as prescribed by national and international concerns to combat the global health challenges. This could be an impediment to travellers going out or inside of the city, and could be a preponderant mechanism for the spread of infectious disease as presented by the infectious diseases isolated and identified in the health districts around the travelling agencies.

Toxic chemistry of heavy metals on hochrysis galbana (parke)in inshore water

Effects of heavy metals on Isochrysis galbana (Parke ) were studied in our laboratory. The research focused on toxic effects of metals on algal cells, effects of water-soluble and lipid-soluble organic ligands on metal toxicity and processes of metal uptake by cells. Interactions between two metals and the mechanisms involved were also studied in detail. Finally, some relationships between toxicity and chemical property of metals were revealed.

Application of Wild Water-wet Herbs in the Construction of Wetland Parks in Hefei

The plant resources of Chaohu Lake coast, Binhu Wetland Park, Xiaoyaojin Park and other places along Dongpu Reservoir surrounding Hefei Botanical Garden were investigated, from which 70 species of wild water-wet herbs with promising application prospects were selected. These wild wet-water herbs are a dominant group that adapts to local growth through long-term natural selection. They have strong resistance, low maintenance cost and broad application prospects. However, at present, these plants are basically in the natural growth state, and have not been developed artificially. This study aims to provide reference for the design of wetland parks and to show the local characteristics of Hefei through the investigation of wild water-wet herbs in Hefei area.

滨水生态驳岸对水体的净化效果研究——以南昌市象湖湿地公园为例

为研究滨水生态驳岸对水体的净化效果,本文以南昌市象湖湿地公园生态驳岸为例,通过重新构建生态驳岸植物群落等工程改造,监测和评价生态驳岸工程改造前后示范段的近岸水体净化效果。结果表明,改造前,区域内各水体的污染程度均较严重,原硬质驳岸、自然缓坡和木桩驳岸的近岸水质均为地表水Ⅴ类或Ⅴ类以下,以总氮为主要污染物,而总磷的污染程度较小。改造完成后,区域内的主要水体水质上升为地表水Ⅲ类,透明度明显增大;仅有局部的微小区域水质仍为Ⅴ类,但其污染指数已有明显降低。因此,生态驳岸的营建和滨水地带植物群落的合理布局,结合污染控制,能够较好地保护和重建水陆边缘地带的自然生态过程及岸栖生物栖息环境,有效地发挥其生态系统边缘效应,形成自然优美、生态功能持续稳定的湖泊湿地景观。

南昌市象湖湿地公园消落带植物景观生态修复策略

为减轻城市湿地公园的消落带生态退化问题(环境污染、水土流失、土壤侵蚀、功能退化等),探求高效的生态修复策略。以南昌市象湖湿地公园为研究对象,在系统分析消落带的共性生态环境问题及现状基础上,提出了相应的景观生态修复策略:1)在广泛调查地域性消落带植物种类及其群落组成的基础上,筛选出适合公园环境的湿生植物种类;2)适度调整消落带的护坡和护岸结构,以自然式护岸为主;3)以乡土的湿生植物为主,建议配植适生植物群落,修复受损的消落带生境,形成特色护岸景观。研究城市湿地公园消落带的植物景观生态修复,有利于实现消落带生境修复、景观游憩、水体净化、减污增汇等生态效益,以构建生态环境友好型的消落带景观。

基于海绵城市理论的城市公园景观设计研究

近年来,我国城镇化建设快速发展,城市化进程不仅带来了经济繁荣,也伴随着一系列严峻的环境问题。快速城市化导致的城市水体污染、内涝、水资源短缺等城市雨水问题,对居民日常生活造成了不可忽视的影响。为了应对这些挑战,我国提出了“海绵城市”这一创新性建设理念。城市公园拥有大规模的绿地和水体,是雨水储存再利用的天然容器,也是海绵城市建设的主要载体。基于此,文章围绕海绵城市理念展开研究,以城市公园景观为研究对象,探索将海绵城市理论融入城市公园景观设计的策略和方法,以期为后续海绵城市和公园景观的建设提供参考。

江苏苏州太湖三山岛国家湿地公园水质监测与分析

对江苏苏州太湖三山岛国家湿地公园2019—2021年这3年间的水体水质进行了监测,并分析了公园内植物应用现状以及植物对水质的影响。结果表明:pH值指标变化幅度较小,且一直维持在国家地表水规定的范围内;溶解氧含量一直处于Ⅰ类水环境质量标准;总氮含量略有变化,维持在Ⅱ类水环境质量标准;化学需氧量逐年增长;总磷、氨氮的含量变化趋势相似,均呈现先增加后降低的趋势。区域内植物群落丰富,垂柳、芦苇、睡莲、香蒲等植物交错分布,对水体的净化能力强。当前,应加强湿地内居民环保意识,实施正确的湿地生态保护措施,以期更好地保护该地区的生物多样性。

城市公园水体富营养化的水生植物修复效果研究

该研究针对城市公园水体富营养化问题,选取挺水植物再力花、浮水植物睡莲、沉水植物苦草等常见水生植被,对比分析其不同组合方式以及不同生长期对轻度、中度、重度富营养化水体营养盐的去除效果。研究结果显示,3种水生植物的7种组合配置在不同生长期对水体营养盐均有去除效果,其中以再力花+睡莲+苦草组合方式效果最佳。尤其对于中度富营养化水体,该组合方式对总氮、总磷、氨氮、化学需氧量的去除率分别为97.0%、89.2%、75.5%、58.2%。综合比较植被对总氮、总磷、氨氮、化学需氧量的去除效果,发现对总氮的去除效果最好,为68.0%~97.0%,其次是总磷,为72.2%~97.2%。此外,随着底物浓度的降低,去除率随植被的生长周期基本呈现下降的趋势。研究成果可为城市公园水体的生态修复提供理论依据。

黄河流域国家水利风景区高质量发展的组态分析

高质量发展是新阶段水利风景区建设与管理的重点,而线性回归研究难以解释高质量发展的复杂性。运用组态思维,分析了管理和运营、安全管理、生态保护、文化挖掘与利用4个前因变量与社会效益、经济效益、生态效益和综合效益之间的复杂因果关系,并对93家黄河流域国家水利风景区进行了模糊集定性比较分析。研究结果表明:单个条件不是效益生成的必要条件,多个条件的组合才有助于效益的充分发挥,相比于管理和运营、安全管理和生态保护,文化挖掘与利用对效益生成的贡献相对较小;水利风景区高质量发展可分为管理模式、管理与生态保护模式和生态文化保护模式3种模式。高管理和运营、高安全管理的景区,高管理和运营、高生态保护的景区以及高生态保护、高文化挖掘与利用的景区有助于推动水利风景区高质量发展。

节水型工业园区评价体系分析

工业行业节水管理是国家、行业水效提升的重要内容,节水型工业园区评价是工业行业节水管理的有效工具和抓手。梳理、比较和分析当前发布实施的节水型工业园区评价体系,结果表明:现行的节水型工业园区评价体系由基本要求、定性评价指标、定量评价指标和鼓励性指标组成;园区内取用水、排污合法合规和园区内无重大安全、污染事故或重大生态破坏事件两个方面被普遍作为基本要求进行考察;串联用水技术和合同节水管理制度是推进节水型园区建设的两项重要鼓励措施;定性评价指标分为组织管理类指标、用水管理类指标和宣传教育类指标3类,用水管理类指标和组织管理类指标是重点;工业园区取用水量、水重复利用率和节水型企业覆盖率被普遍应用于定量评价指标。

高耗水产业集聚区再生水利用实践与启示——以浙江省绍兴市柯桥区为例

浙江省绍兴市柯桥区作为高耗水产业集聚典型区域,以国家典型地区再生水利用配置试点城市建设为契机,将推进再生水利用作为破解水资源短缺“瓶颈”的关键抓手,为经济社会高质量发展提供有力支撑。梳理柯桥区再生水利用现状与实践,总结出“统一规划、统一建设、统一管理”和“分质收集、分质处理、分质供水、分质水价”两大经验,为同类型地区产业布局、空间规划和再生水利用方面提供参考。

西宁湟水河人工湿地对水体氮、磷污染物负荷削减的研究

人工湿地建设是我国北方城镇化进程中重要的生态优化措施,其作为城市生态系统的重要组成,在净化水体、调节水质等方面具有重要的生态服务功能。为了探明高原城市人工湿地建设后对水体的水质改善、氮磷等污染物负荷削减的生态效应,在6月-11月重点监测了青海西宁火烧沟湿地、海湖湿地、北川湿地三处水体不同断面氮、磷污染物浓度的季节变化特征。结果表明:(1)火烧沟湿地污染物浓度峰值出现在枯水期,而丰水期浓度普遍较低,海湖湿地和北川湿地丰水期污染物浓度较高。(2)湿地对水体主要污染物负荷有一定的削减作用,主要体现在海湖湿地和北川湿地总氮(Total Nitrogen,TN)、总磷(Total Phosphorus,TP)、化学需氧量(COD_(Cr))、高锰酸盐指数(COD_(Mn))的去除效果,海湖湿地对其削减率分别为11.74%、29.32%、41%和25.19%,北川湿地中削减率分别为25.02%、54.71%、32.03%和1.91%。且三处湿地来水的TN、TP、COD_(Cr)、COD_(Mn)含量均值普遍达到Ⅱ类水标准。其中,火烧沟湿地和北川湿地COD_(Cr)浓度达到Ⅰ类水标准,而海湖湿地COD_(Mn)含量较高,属Ⅲ类水标准。(3)通过对水质指标的相关性分析,发现水体TP与p H、降水量、温度的相关性较高,TN与COD_(Cr)的相关性较高。

山东省国家级水利风景区时空分布及演变

【目的】基于山东省2001—2022年20批108家国家级水利风景区的地理数据,对山东省国家级水利风景区时空分布及演变进行研究。【方法】运用ArcGis10.8空间分析工具,研究了最邻近指数、Voronoi多边形的变异系数、地理集中指数、标准差椭圆和核密度特征,讨论了水利景区的时空演变规律性。【结果】结果表明:20年间山东省国家级水利景区形成了以鲁中和鲁西两地为核心,向四周发散分布的空间结构,景区分布范围从东北向西南扩散,分布范围逐渐扩大,分布盲点基本消失。【结论】为优化水利风景区空间结构布局和解决景区发展不平衡、不充分问题提供理论依据和实践参考。

湿地公园水稻田冬季水鸟分布及其栖息地特征

稻田是我国人工湿地的重要组成部分。为探究冬季稻田管理模式对湿地水鸟多样性保护及栖息生境改善的重要意义,2017年12月至2018年2月及2018年11月,采用样带法对天福国家湿地公园冬季休耕蓄水区和传统稻田的水鸟种群进行调查,对比水鸟种群及栖息地特征。结果表明:1)冬季休耕蓄水区记录4目7科25种水鸟,鸻鹬类占36%,鹭类占28%,雁鸭类占24%;传统稻田湿地共3目5科10种,其中鸻鹬类和鹭类分别占30%,无雁鸭类水鸟。2)冬季蓄水区水鸟多样性及物种丰富度较高,水鸟优势种群数量明显增多,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(1.64)高于传统稻田(1.50),水鸟均匀度指数(0.84)低于传统稻田(1.37),相似性系数为0.51。3)冬季休耕蓄水区的水面面积、水位、食物、植被覆盖度是影响水鸟种数增多的重要因子,营巢地、停歇点也是影响冬季水鸟栖息的因素。因此,冬季稻田休耕蓄水管理的实施能够对生物多样性保护与提升发挥积极作用。