The environmental analysis and site selection of mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas based on high resolution remote sensing

Mussel aquaculture and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas and their environmental characteristics in Zhoushan were analyzed using satellite data and in-situ surveys.A new two-step remote sensing method was proposed and applied to determine the basic environmental characteristics of the best mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas.This methodology includes the first step of extraction of the location distribution and the second step of the extraction of internal environmental factors.The fishery ranching index(FRI1,FRI2)was established to extract the mussel and the large yellow croaker aquaculture area in Zhoushan,using Gaofen-1(GF-1)and Gaofen-6(GF-6)satellite data with a special resolution of 2 m.In the second step,the environmental factors such as sea surface temperature(SST),chlorophyll a(Chl-a)concentration,current and tide,suspended sediment concentration(SSC)in mussel aquaculture area and large yellow croaker aquaculture area were extracted and analyzed in detail.The results show the following three points.(1)For the extraction of the mussel aquaculture area,FRI1 and FRI2 are complementary,and the combination of FRI1 and FRI2 is suitable to extract the mussel aquaculture area.As for the large yellow croaker aquaculture area extraction,FRI2 is suitable.(2)Mussel aquaculture and the large yellow croaker aquaculture area in Zhoushan are mainly located on the side near the islands that are away from the eastern open waters.The water environment factor template suitable for mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture was determined.(3)This two-step remote sensing method can be used for the preliminary screening of potential site selection for the mussels and large yellow croaker aquaculture area in the future.the fishery ranching index(FRI1,FRI2)in this paper can be applied to extract the mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas in coastal waters around the world.

楞古水电站V线右岸边坡深部裂隙成因及边坡稳定性分析

针对楞古水电站V线右岸边坡深部裂隙发育特征,以边坡工程地质条件及坡体结构为基础,结合嘎夏帕滑坡破坏模式对其深部裂隙成因进行了分析,认为其深部裂隙是由于边坡滑移-剪切变形所造成,且边坡缓倾角结构面发育程度决定了边坡深部裂隙分布范围及张开度。分析边坡深部裂隙变形程度,结合边坡整体稳定性FLAC3D模拟,得出蓄水后边坡上游侧稳定性较边坡下游侧更低,以后对边坡采取合理的支护措施提供了可靠的依据,并为同类水电站蓄水边坡稳定性研究提供了参考。

Aspects of surface and environment protection in German mining areas

Hard coal mining in the German Ruhr district has a tradition of more than 200 years. Starting in the south near the river Ruhr with mining of seams near to the surface, mining wandered to the north with coal seams deeper and deeper. In the same way all environmental effects of mining wandered from south to north, as there are abandoned mining sites, contaminated areas, burning mining dumps, subsided areas and gas accesses at day ground. This all happened in a very high populated area with more than four million inhabitants. Therefore Germany has a long tradition in solving environmental problems of mining activities. The very good interaction of mine authority, mining companies and the mine workers’ union is the main reason why the problems of decreasing mining activities in Germany were solved without economic, environmental or social hazards.

Rural vulnerability,migration,and relocation in mountain areas of Western China:An overview of key issues and policy interventions

Western China features a vast area of mountains and high plateaus where millions of people,including diverse ethnic minority groups,have inhabited for generations.Geographically located in the mountainous,remote,and isolated regions,rural communities are prone to natural hazards and thus become vulnerable to impoverishment.To reduce rural vulnerability,many people residing in mountainous villages opted to out-migrate from their original villages and hometowns while some took in-situ adaptation measures.A host of government-sponsored resettlement programs have been carried out to help rural villagers seek alternative livelihoods elsewhere over the past four decades.To achieve a sustainable future for rural communities in mountainous areas of western China,more effective policies and measures need to be developed and enforced.

Design of Landscape Ecological Restoration for “Five Mining Areas” of the Laoqing Mountain in the Dianchi Lake Basin

Through analyzing basic conditions of the "five mining areas" in the Laoqing Mountain of the Dianchi Lake Basin, in Kunming City, South China, the ecological restoration design of "integrating engineering protection and biological restoration, building the landscape ecological security pattern of the Laoqing Mountain" was proposed. Considering the different ecological functional areas, varying engineering measures, greening patterns, and irrigation means were selected for the ecological restoration, including site management, vegetation restoration, management and utilization etc.. These ecological restoration measures will produce favorable ecological benefits, and also take landscape effect and sustainable development into consideration, which will contribute to the ecological restoration of the "five mining areas", and provide a scientific and feasible reference for the ecological restoration in China.

Optimization of Shanghai marine environment monitoring sites by integrating spatial correlation and stratified heterogeneity

The water quality grades of phosphate（PO4-P） and dissolved inorganic nitrogen（DIN） are integrated by spatial partitioning to fit the global and local semi-variograms of these nutrients. Leave-one-out cross validation is used to determine the statistical inference method. To minimize absolute average errors and error mean squares,stratified Kriging（SK） interpolation is applied to DIN and ordinary Kriging（OK） interpolation is applied to PO4-P.Ten percent of the sites is adjusted by considering their impact on the change in deviations in DIN and PO4-P interpolation and the resultant effect on areas with different water quality grades. Thus, seven redundant historical sites are removed. Seven historical sites are distributed in areas with water quality poorer than Grade IV at the north and south branches of the Changjiang（Yangtze River） Estuary and at the coastal region north of the Hangzhou Bay. Numerous sites are installed in these regions. The contents of various elements in the waters are not remarkably changed, and the waters are mixed well. Seven sites that have been optimized and removed are set to water with quality Grades III and IV. Optimization and adjustment of unrestricted areas show that the optimized and adjusted sites are mainly distributed in regions where the water quality grade undergoes transition.Therefore, key sites for adjustment and optimization are located at the boundaries of areas with different water quality grades and seawater.

Effects of Site-Specific Nitrogen Management on Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation of Rice from Cold Areas of Northeastern China

The effects of yield increase and mechanism of site-specific nitrogen management （SSNM） in five rice varieties from cold areas of northeastern China were studied. Plot experiment for critical SPAD value and experiments of two fertilization methods, SSNM and farmer＇s fertilization practice （FFP） were conducted to study their effects on the quality and dry matter accumulation of rice population, as well as N uptake. Compared with FFP, SSNM significantly decreased the average N rate by 33.8%, significantly increased average ear-bearing tiller rate and LAI for grain-filling stage by 12.3% and 14.1-27.6%, correspondingly, improved dry matter weight and N uptake after heading period by 4.3-29.1% and 11.8-55.1% （P 〈 0.05）, and heightened recovery efficiency and agronomic efficiency by 38.5-133.4% （P 〈 0.05） and 39.8-194.3% （P 〈 0.05）, respectively, as well as increased the average yield by 9.8% in 2004 and 2005. The results indicated that the accumulation rate of dry matter and N increased the rice yield and N use efficiency, because of improving rice population quality and increasing LAI after heading period.

Robotic cholecystectomy with new port sites

AIM:To introduce robotic cholecystectomy(RC) using new port sites on the low abdominal area.METHODS:From June 2010 to June 2011,a total of 178 RCs were performed at Ajou University Medical Center.We prospectively collected the set-up time(working time and docking time) and console time in all robotic procedures.RESULTS:Eighty-three patients were male and 95 female;the age ranged from 18 to 72 years of age(mean 54.6 ± 15.0 years).All robotic procedures were successfully completed.The mean operation time was 52.4 ± 17.1 min.The set-up time and console time were 11.9 ± 5.4 min(5-43 min) and 15.1 ± 8.0 min(4-50 min),respectively.The conversion rate to laparoscopic or open procedures was zero.The complication rate was 0.6%(n = 1,bleeding).There was no bile duct injury or mortality.The mean hospital stay was 1.4 ± 1.1 d.There was a significant correlation between the console time and white blood cell count(r = 0.033,P = 0.015).In addition,the higher the white blood cell count(more than 10000),the longer the console time.CONCLUSION:Robotic cholecystectomy using new port sites on the low abdominal area can be safely and efficiently performed,with sufficient patient satisfaction.

Medical transportation and the contribution of air medical evacuation in isolated mountainous areas of Greece-Case study,Municipality of Agrafa

In every emergency medical situation,access to emergency medical services is an inalienable right of any citizen.The average acceptable time to provide first aid assistance is 60 minutes.In this paper,the possibility of using helicopters for air travel in mountainous areas was examined for the first time for all of Greece and especially for a mountainous and isolated area such as the Municipality of Agrafa.Initially,the time distance-virtual distance,from the hospitals was calculated at the national level of Greece,with an acceptable first contact time of 60 minutes(golden hour),i.e.,less than two hours from the nearest hospital to the incident and back to the hospital and the relevant conclusions are drawn.Then,the case study of Municipality of Agrafa,one of the most mountainous areas in Greece,was examined.The time distance of the settlements from the nearest primary health point,namely the Primary Health Centre(PHC)of West Fragkista,was calculated and the transportation by ground means was compared with the corresponding time by flying means,to investigate the contribution of air transportation or not,of the timely arrival of the patients in the appropriate health structure.Finally,possible helicopter landing locations were identified,using a geographic information system to facilitate the process of air medical transportation in the Municipality of Agrafa.

Mosquito larva distribution and natural Wolbachia infection in campus areas of Nakhon Ratchasima,Thailand

Objective:To determine the prevalence of mosquito larvae in campus areas and the infection rate of endosymbiotic bacteria,Wolbachia in mosquito larvae.Method:The mosquito larvae samples were collected in residential areas and academic buildings of Suranaree University of Technology located in Northeastern Thailand during 2017-2018.Mosquito species identification was performed using GLOBE mosquito protocols and Rattanarithikul&Panthusiri’s keys.The gene encoding for the surface protein of Wolbachia was amplified by PCR and confirmed by DNA sequencing.Results:Armigeres sp.is the highest proportion of mosquito larvae followed by Culex spp.,Aedes albopictus,Aedes aegypti,and Toxorynchites spp.,respectively.Aedes aegypti have breeding sites mostly in the containers found indoors,whereas the main breeding sites of Aedes albopictus were found in both outdoors and indoors.The House Index and Breteau Index for Aedes spp.was more than 5%and 20%,respectively,in both areas,indicating that these areas are dengue sensitive.The highest proportion of Wolbachia infection was found in the larvae of Culex spp.(86.21%),followed by Aedes albopictus(69.23%)and rarely detected in Aedes aegypti(9.09%).Conclusion:The present study reported the first natural infection of Wolbachia in mosquito larvae in Thailand.Our result suggested that the mosquito species containing higher proportion of Wolbachia are less likely to be vectors for dengue.Therefore,Wolbachia transfection in mosquito larvae could be applied as a biocontrol for dengue and other mosquito-borne disease prevention.

Research on Dynamic Parameters of Soil Sites in the Dalian Area

In this paper, dynamic soil parameters derived from Dalian area seismic risk assessment reports are collected. In this study, the measurement data is divided into 7 types, i.e. silty clay, muddy silty clay, clay, medium sand, rock fragments, backfill soil and fully-weathered slate. Statistics of the dynamic parameters of these soils are carried out to obtain the mean values of dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio. Typical drill holes are selected to establish dynamic soil models to investigate the seismic response for various cases. The dynamic parameters of the models are taken from the statistical values of this study, the standard values of code 94 (i.e. the dynamic soil parameters for Dalian seismic microzonation), and the recommended values by Yuan Xiaoming et al. (2000) respectively. The calculated results of peak ground acceleration are compared with the response spectral characteristics. The results show that the statistical values are approximate to the values recommended by Yuan Xiaoming, et al. (2000), but different greatly with the standard values in code 94.

Research on the Q-value, Site Response and Seismic Source Parameters in Jiangsu and Its Adjacent Areas

Based on 49 digital seismograms recorded by 73 seismic stations in the Jiangsu Telemetered Seismic Network,the paper uses Atkinson's method to calculate the inelastic attenuation coefficient of the Jiangsu area. We find that the frequency-dependent Q in the Jiangsu region is Q( f) = 272. 1·f^(0. 5575). We also use Moya's method to invert the 63 stations' site responses. The results show that the site responses of the 25 stations in Jiangsu are approximately 1 at a range between 1Hz and 20 Hz, which is consistent with their basements on rocks. The response curves of the site responses of the 14 underground stations are similar to each other. Their site responses show an amplification at low frequencies and minimization at high frequencies. The calculation of the Brune model on the waveform data of M_L≥2. 5 earthquakes from Jiangsu Digital Seismic Network between October 2010 and May 2015 in terms of seismic source parameters of 58 seismic waves shows that there are good correlations between seismic magnitude and other source parameters such as seismic moment, source radius and corner frequency, while the correlations between seismic magnitude and stress drop,and stress drop and source radius are not so good.

大型城镇集中安置区搬迁移民生计资本组合对家庭收入影响机理的实证研究

易地搬迁移民已成为防止规模性返贫的重要群体。当前,搬迁移民面临着就业市场风险增大,生计资本存量减少以及家庭增收困难等现实问题,优化移民生计资本内部结构,发挥生计资本间的组合效应,提升生计资本组合对移民家庭收入的贡献作用是解决上述问题的重要途径。学界当前与易地搬迁相关的研究多聚焦分析移民生计资本对家庭总收入的作用机制,较少基于结构功能理论视角,从实证层面探讨生计资本组合对家庭不同收入来源的影响及其相互作用机制。本文以贵州省大型城镇集中安置区移民为研究对象,首先测算移民家庭生计资本,分别采用OLS和分位数回归分析生计资本与家庭收入之间的作用机理,然后采用多元线性回归模型测算生计资本间的互补效应和替代效应,构建了移民家庭收入与生计资本组合之间的矩阵分析模型,分别应用tobit和logit回归进行实证检验,并剖析了不同维度下不同生计资本组合对不同类型收入的影响。研究结果表明:(1)移民生计资本总量有助于提升家庭收入水平。在后搬迁时代,自然资本对家庭收入的边际贡献最小,而社会资本对家庭收入呈现负向影响。(2)五大资本中的人力资本与自然资本、物质资本、社会资本以及金融资本之间存在着普适性互补效应,金融资本与社会资本间存在替代效应。(3)互补性生计资本值越大,移民家庭工资收入和财产收入越高;互补性和替代性资本量均较低的家庭主要以获得转移性收入维持生计。

气候灾害、农产品价格策略和农户生计脆弱性——来自生态搬迁安置区的考察

在生态搬迁大背景下,农户面临的外部环境、内在心理和应对策略均发生了明显转变,有必要从外部扰动与内部适应的视角探究农户生计脆弱性。基于生计脆弱性理论,探讨实际气候灾害、感知气候灾害和农产品价格策略对农户生计脆弱性的影响,基于广东韶关南水湖生态搬迁安置区425位农户的调研数据进行验证。通过单因素方差分析、回归分析和Bootstrap中介效应检验,得出结论:首先,生态搬迁安置区农户感知气候灾害有其特殊性,与村子位置、社会关系和生计转换能力有关;其次,实际气候灾害和感知气候灾害均会加剧农户生计脆弱性,但感知气候灾害的影响力大于实际气候灾害,这与以往研究观点不同,也反映出农户对于气候灾害的担忧心理较为突出;最后,气候灾害及其后续的农产品价格策略是影响农户生计脆弱性的重要因素。

2005-2017年中国干旱半干旱区典型生态系统土壤储水量数据集

土壤水是地球水体的重要组成部分之一,陆地上植被和作物所利用的水分主要是从土壤中直接汲取的。因此土壤水的存贮、补给、消耗、更新和平衡对全国尤其是干旱半干旱区域的农业、牧业、林业、自然生态环境和水资源平衡,有着极其重要的意义。本数据集选取中国生态系统研究网络(CERN)位于中国西北干旱半干旱区的8个生态系统观测研究站,收集整理了各站2005–2017年的土壤含水量长期观测数据,通过质量控制、开展剖面-样地尺度上层次及时间归一化统计计算,生成了相应的土壤储水量数据集,以期为中国干旱半干旱区典型生态系统土壤储水量分布及变化状况提供长时序的数据刻画和支撑。

基于R+G平台的绿色住区规划设计策略研究--以陕西汉中移民安置社区为例

随着“双碳”目标的提出,城乡建设领域低碳发展的需求不断提高。住区作为城镇与乡村的基本居住单元,绿色发展理念贯穿在住区规划、建设与管理的全过程,肩负着节能减排的重要责任。近年来,大量陕南移民搬迁安置住区建成,其重点主要集中在高效经济的建筑建设,住区的绿色性、舒适性与文化性亟需提升。以探寻汉中移民安置社区的绿色规划设计策略为目标,依托R+G(Rhino+Grasshopper)平台,采用计算机自动生成定量指标与人工设计定性元素相结合的人机交互方法,研究汉中移民安置社区的空间布局与外部空间环境规划设计方法与策略,探索绿色住区的地域性实践。通过对夏季UTCI、冬季UTCI、夏季日照时长的自动寻优,得出建筑朝向、开放空间设置等绿色住区规划设计策略。结合汉中地域文化,从公共空间塑造入手,通过点、线、面空间营造完善住区规划设计。

基于可视化分析的国内水库移民后期扶持问题的研究与展望

当前,我国正处在“十四五”规划中的水库移民后期扶持关键阶段,为了优化水库移民后期扶持工作,促进水库移民安置区的经济社会健康持续发展。研究选取中国知网(CNKI)数据库中的298篇CSSCI期刊论文作为分析样本,运用CiteSpace6.2.6知识图谱和CNKI可视化分析工具对298篇样本进行了统计分析。研究结果有效地揭示我国水库移民后期扶持问题研究的热点领域,并预示了未来发展趋势,为相关政策制定和学术研究提供了参考。

岩溶区土洞对自由场地震动放大效应的影响

岩溶区土洞的发育改变了自由场的地震工程地质条件,从而影响了地表地震动力响应结果。为探讨岩溶区土洞对地震动场地效应的影响,设计并构建典型岩溶区土洞自由场地,利用有限差分法开展了不同地震动输入条件下的含土洞场地的地震反应分析。通过与自由场地震反应分析结果对比可知:(1)土洞的存在阻碍了地震波的传播,从而使得地表中心点峰值加速度显著减小,随着输入地震动峰值增大,土洞的影响范围增大,土洞附近地表峰值加速度呈现出先增大后减小,最后逐渐趋向于自由场;(2)土洞的存在使场地的竖向位移增大,且随输入加速度峰值增大而增大、对水平向峰值位移影响较小;(3)加速度放大系数总体呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,随输入加速度峰值增大而减小;(4)土洞的存在使得反应谱的短周期幅值减小,这种减小幅度受输入地震动峰值的影响不明显。

景区依附型安置区农户生计资本对生计策略的影响研究——以广东云门山旅游度假区周边安置区为例

易地搬迁是实现贫困群众跨越式发展的有效途径,旅游景区周边是搬迁安置区选址的重要考虑。该文以广东云门山旅游度假区周边的搬迁安置区为例,分析搬迁后农户生计资本的变化,以及生计资本对生计策略的影响。结果表明,搬迁带来农户生计资本的增加,表现在自然资本、物质资本、金融资本、社会资本和文化资本等方面;不同类型农户的生计资本的表现不同,从高到低依次为旅游主营型、旅游兼业型和非旅游经营型;生计资本的变化影响农户生计策略,以自然资本的影响为最大。该文为评估景区依附型搬迁安置区农户的生计现状提供理论依据,为制定搬迁安置区民生相关政策、促进旅游目的地农户生计可持续发展和乡村振兴提供经验借鉴。