Energy-saving Architectural Designs for Relocation Residential Districts in North Jiangsu Province of China

By investigating present relocation residential districts for peasants whose houses are removed for the unified planning of rural areas in north Jiangsu Province, as well as residents' feelings about the environment of residential district, main architectural structures and energy consumption conditions, the indoor thermal environment, use of main heating and cooling facilities, residents' satisfaction on the acoustical and luminous environment, major space-enclosing structures and calculation of energy-saving designs are analyzed, and suggestions are given for the architectural design of relocation residential districts in the study area. It is stressed that the relationship between energy conservation and architectural layout, orientation, lighting, ventilation, selection of enclosing-structure materials, facade, color and style should be properly handled in the planning, and the focus is to control building orientation and shape coefficient, on the basis of which energy-saving designs of windows, exterior walls and roofs can be done. Energy consumption of present residential buildings is calculated and analyzed to bring forth new ideas to the energy-saving designs for relocation residential districts in north Jiangsu Province, and establish an architectural energy-saving system suitable for climatic and natural conditions of north Jiangsu to instruct the energy-saving designs of relocation residential districts in the study area.

Strategies for Introducing Energy Saving Idea into Residential Planning and Design in Urban and Rural Areas of China

Currently,energy saving design has been conducted on single building but not on the whole residential community in urban and rural areas.So,the paper has proposed energy saving measures for residential planning from the perspective of site selection and layout of buildings.Specific measures are as follows.Firstly,buildings should be constructed on the sunny side and leeside;secondly,buildings on the south should be lower than those on the north;the east side of the building should be open while the west side should be closed;thirdly,climate protection unit should be set;fourthly,buildings should be of northsouth direction primarily,and the main room should be set on the east side and the assistant rooms or passage on the west side in the buildings of east-west direction;fifthly,it should select compact and wellarranged households and the units should not be combined in point and dislocation and jointing.

Energy-saving Planning and Design of Urban Residential Buildings in Hanzhong Area

Energy-saving design of residential building is an important part of energy-saving architectural design. Planning and design of residential buildings in Hanzhong area should pay more attention to the building orientation, sunshine, summer ventilation and wind resistance in winter and so on, so as to create favorable conditions for energy-saving design of single buildings. The geographical location, climatic characteristics, residents living habits and indoor and outdoor thermal environment situation were analyzed in this paper, and combined with the existing problems of energy conservation in the planning and layout of residential buildings in Hanzhong area. Based on the investigation, this paper drew some conclusions to provide references for the energy-saving planning and design of urban residential buildings in the local area.

Research on the Design and Energy Saving of New Rural Residential in the Southwest Area

The paper use advantage of local natural resources, greening and sufficient water resources, combine natural ecological environment design with rural architecture, and fully consider local economic base and material technical conditions, and takes site selection and planning, architectural design technology as the two core aspects to study rural residential energy conservation, improving thermal environment of indoor residential that use of nature building energy saving technique, efforts to reduce the use of mechanical equipment system, thereby reducing the rural residential building energy consumption.

Discussion on the application of the concept of environmental protection and energy saving in the design of building water supply and drainage

With the current,our country social economy rapid development,people's living standard and quality of life and therefore have got improved,at the same time,it is the concept of environmental protection and energy saving is also enhanced value,many fields in our country environmental protection and energysaving concept can be seen in the application,especially the application in building water supply and drainage design more widely,to protect the environment,to maximize the use of limited resources,how to reasonable use of water resources in building water supply and drainage construction,above is current the paper mainly discusses the problems in the construction field,this paper based on environmental protection and energy-saving concept,discusses its application in the building water supply and drainage design,for your reference.

Indicator system of energy efficient technologies evaluation of residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter regions of China

The related existing energy saving index system of buildings is deficient in direction, index coverage, depth, and technological and economic considerations. Aiming at the deficient existing research and with the advancement of energy saving of buildings in China from northern heating regions to southern hot summer and cold winter regions, selecting residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter regions as the research object, and through much evaluation index reference and repeated demonstrations and the borrowing of literature research home and abroad and relevant energy saving standards, filters and eliminates energy efficient technologies evaluation indexes according to the design principle of index system, the factors influencing the energy saving of residential buildings are evaluated, index system weight is established by adopting analytic hierarchy process, and finally the evaluation index system of energy saving technologies of residential buildings in hot summer and cold winter area of China is established. Each target layer includes five standard layer indexes and sixteen index layer indexes. The standard layer of evaluation index, namely primary indexes, includes the technological, energy saving effect, economic, environmental, and social indexes. The secondary indexes are selected based on the principles of concision, comprehensiveness, representativeness and operability.

Analyses of influence of residential buildings' space organization on heating energy consumption in Lhasa

The heating load simulation models of the residential buildings in Lhasa are established for enhancing the space organization’s adaptability to climate and radiation and improving its energy saving performance.The space organization items a e analyzed for both the existing buildings without insulation and new buildings with good insulation.The items include orientation design,south a d north balcony design,the north and south partition wall’s position design,storey height design and window-wall ratio design.Simulation results show that orientation is the key design element for energy saving design,and adverse orientation can obviouslyincrease heating energy consumption;south and north balconies can reduce winter heating energy consumption;partition walls move to the north,which means that the south room’s big depth design leads to less heating energy consumption,but the effect is not inconspicuous;smaier storey height results in less heating load.For the existing buildings,the window-wall ratio of south side has a balance point for energy saving design in the calculation condition.For the new buildings with good insulation,enlarging the south window-wal ratio can continuously reduce heating energy consumption,but the energy saving rate between models gets smaier.The heating energy consumption comparison study between the common model and optimal space design model demonstrates that the energy saving design can significantly reduce heating energy consumption

Field study of seasonal thermal comfort and adaptive behavior for occupants in residential buildings of Xi’an,China

The study aims to investigate the thermal comfort requirements in residential buildings and to establish an adaptive thermal comfort model in the cold zone of China.A year-long field study was conducted in residential buildings in Xi’an,China.A total of 2069 valid questionnaires,along with indoor environmental parameters were obtained.The results indicated occupants’thermal comfort requirements varied with seasons.The neutral temperatures were 17.9,26.1(highest),25.2,and 17.4℃(lowest),and preferred temperatures were 23.2,25.6(highest),24.8,and 22.4℃(lowest),respectively for spring,summer,autumn,and winter.The neutral temperature and preferred temperature in autumn are close to the neutral temperature in summer,while the neutral temperature and preferred temperature in spring are close to that in winter.Besides,the 80%and 90%acceptable temperature ranges,adaptive thermal comfort models,and thermal comfort zones for each season were established.Human’s adaptability is related to his/her thermal experience of the current season and the previous season.Therefore,compared with the traditional year-round adaptive thermal comfort model,seasonal models can better reflect seasonal variations of human adaptation.This study provides fundamental knowledge of the thermal comfort demand for people in this region.

Research and Application of Complete Set Technology of Green and Energy Saving Assembly Building

According to the survey,environmental pollution is serious in China.Air pollution and water pollution are all serious.Therefore,the state pays more and more attention to green environmental protection.The building design is a creative activity in all kinds of energy decreasing,green energy-saving concept becomes an important content of architectural design engineering,green energy-saving design technology with architectural style is the inevitable trend of the development of our country,but also people focus on the problem.This paper analyzes the green energy-saving assembly building,studies the characteristics of the green energy-saving assembly building,and makes a systematic analysis of the green energy-saving assembly technology.

A cost effective approach to design of energy efficient residential buildings

The objective of this study is to identify cost-optimal efficiency packages at several levels of building energy savings.A two-story residential building located in Jordan is selected as a case study.DesignBuilder software is used to predict the annual energy usage of a twostory residence in Irbid,Jordan.Real-time experimental data from a single isolated controlled room was used to verify the proposed model.In addition to energy analysis,the economic,environmental,and social benefits of the proposed design have been investigated.The sequential search optimization approach is used to estimate the minimum cost of the building while considering various design scenarios.In addition,the impact of various energy conservation techniques on residential buildings is assessed,and the payback period for each program is calculated.Ultimately,the optimal combination of design to achieve energy efficiency measures has been identified in several climate regions.The simulations results predict that the annual electricity consumption can be reduced up to 50%if the proper combinations of energy conservation measures are selected at the lowest cost.The payback period is 9.3 years.Finally,energy efficiency measures can lead to a total of 9470 jobs/year job opportunities.The study provide practical framework to link between energy performance criteria and economic goals of building.Linking the energy performance requirements to economic targets provides guidelines for homeowners,contractors,and policymakers for making a suitable decision regarding the retrofitting of existing residential buildings.The study focuses on developing new methodologies that support minimizing costs during a building’s lifecycle while maximizing environmental benefits which can not be identified by a series of parametric analyses using individual energy-efficient measures.

Deep learning for estimating energy savings of early-stage facade design decisions

The selection of high-performance building facade systems is essential to promote building energy efficiency.However,this selection is highly dependent on early-stage design decisions,which are extremely challenging considering numerous design parameters with early-stage uncertainties.This paper aims to evaluate the appli-cability of deep learning networks in estimating the energy savings of different facade alternatives in the early-stage design of buildings.The energy performance of two competing façade systems(i.e.,Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced-Concrete and conventional panels)was estimated for different scenarios through building en-ergy simulations using EnergyPlusTM.Three deep learning networks were trained using the collected data from the simulation of fourteen buildings in fourteen different locations to estimate the heating,cooling,and total site energy savings.The accuracy of trained deep networks was compared with the accuracy of three common data-driven prediction models including,Gradient Boosting Machines,Random Forest,and Generalized Linear Regression.The results showed that the deep learning network trained to predict building total site energy savings had the highest accuracy among other models with a mean absolute error of 1.59 and a root mean square error of 3.48,followed by Gradient Boosting Machines,Random Forest,and last Generalized Linear Regression.Similarly,deep networks trained to predict building cooling and heating energy savings had the lowest mean average error of 0.20 and 1.17,respectively,compared to other predictive models.It is expected the decision support system developed based on this methodology helps architects and designers to quantify the energy savings of different facade systems in early stages of design decisions.

Low Carbon Building Design Optimization Based on Intelligent Energy Management System

The construction of relevant standards for building carbon emission assessment in China has just started,and the quantitative analysis method and evaluation system are still imperfect,which hinders the development of low-carbon building design.Therefore,the use of intelligent energy management system is very necessary.The purpose of this paper is to explore the design optimization of low-carbon buildings based on intelligent energy management systems.Based on the proposed quantitative method of building carbon emission,this paper establishes the quota theoretical system of building carbon emission analysis,and develops the quota based carbon emission calculation software.Smart energy management system is a low-carbon energy-saving system based on the reference of large-scale building energy-saving system and combined with energy consumption.It provides a fast and effective calculation tool for the quantitative evaluation of carbon emission of construction projects,so as to realize the carbon emission control and optimization in the early stage of architectural design and construction.On this basis,the evaluation,analysis and calculation method of building structure based on carbon reduction target is proposed,combined with the carbon emission quota management standard proposed in this paper.Taking small high-rise residential buildings as an example,this paper compares and analyzes different building structural systems from the perspectives of structural performance,economy and carbon emission level.It provides a reference for the design and evaluation of low-carbon building structures.The smart energy management system collects user energy use parameters.It uses time period and time sequence to obtain a large amount of data for analysis and integration,which provides users with intuitive energy consumption data.Compared with the traditional architectural design method,the industrialized construction method can save 589.22 megajoules(MJ)per square meter.Based on 29270 megajoules(MJ)per ton of standard coal,the construction area of the case is about 8000 m2,and the energy saving of residential buildings is 161.04 tons of standard coal.This research is of great significance in reducing the carbon emission intensity of buildings.

An Innovative Architectural Strategy for the Integration of Energy Issues into the Design Process of a Commercial Center in Switzerland

In a context of growing efforts to develop sustainability strategies, energy-related issues occupy central stage in the built environment. Thus, the energy performance of housings has improved radically over the past decades. Yet other types of buildings, in particular commercial centers, haven’t received the same level of interest. As a result, there is a need for effective and practical measures to decrease their energy consumption, both for heating and electricity. The objective of the paper is to demonstrate that it is possible, through coherent strategies, to integrate energy issues and bioclimatic principles into the design process of commercial centers. It analyzes the exemplary case study of Marin Commercial Center (Switzerland). The interdisciplinary approach, based on integrated design strategies, aimed at increasing the energy efficiency while keeping the cost comparable to the market cost. The main design principles include natural ventilation, nighttime cooling with energy recovery and natural lighting, as well as optimization of mechanical systems. The results of the simulations show that Marin Center attains the best energy performance observed so far among Swiss commercial centers. It also meets the Swiss Minergie standard. The paper thus questions traditional design processes and outlines the need for interdisciplinary evaluation and monitoring approaches tailored for commercial centers. Even though most crucial decisions are taken during the early stages, all phases of the process require systematic optimization strategies, especially operating stages. Recommendations include legal measures, in particular in the fields of ventilation and air-conditioning, education, professional development and technology transfer, and financial incentives for the replacement of energy intensive installations.

基于DesignBuilder的长春地区居住建筑能耗主要影响因素研究

长春市属于严寒B区,居住建筑冬季采暖需求大、能耗效率低,为了推广应用被动式超低能耗居住建筑,利用建筑能耗模拟软件DesignBuilder建立模型,并模拟建筑朝向、屋面传热系数和不同种类外保温材料等条件,对该建筑节能性能进行研究.结果表明:被动式超低能耗居住建筑最佳朝向为南偏西3~6℃;屋面传热系数的降低对空调能耗的影响要比对全年总负荷的影响更大;对比分析4种保温材料,发现聚氨酯板在夏、冬季均具有很好的保温效果.研究成果为长春地区居住建筑的建设与发展提供一定参考.

Discussion on Electrical Design of Passive Residential Building

As the national buildings in each climate zone and passive low energy consumption building demonstration projects expand,there has been a wave of innovation across the construction industry.China is also becoming a hot zone for energy-efficient and high-performance passive buildings.Along with the traditional passive building structure,steel structure passive construction,assembled PC structure passive construction such as the emergence of various types of passive construction,as well as a variety of new building materials,doors and Windows,and air conditioning air equipment,put forward a new challenge for building electrical engineering design personnel and requirements.

冰上运动建筑曲面光伏参数化集成设计研究

2022年冬奥会成功举办,国内掀起了冰上体育运动的热潮,冰上运动建筑需求量和能源消耗量随之增长。光伏建筑一体化(Building Integrated Photovoltaic,BIPV)作为建筑节能的主要手段之一,在体育建筑屋面具有较大的集成潜力。通过建立寒冷地区曲面冰上运动建筑典型模型进行集成设计研究,基于Grasshopper参数化平台实现新型柔性CIGS薄膜光伏组件沿屋面曲线形态的优化布置,从两个层级出发,提出参数化设计方法与构造措施。通过Honeybee进行能耗模拟,结果表明,该柔性光伏系统全年可以为冰上运动建筑降低15.82%的能量消耗,进而验证了该方案的节能性,为建筑师进行寒冷地区曲面冰上运动建筑设计的节能优化设计提供数据支撑及科学依据。

建筑空间最优节能设计模型仿真研究

由于建筑结构主体较多,空间能耗难以合并控制,导致目前建筑空间能源耗用量较大。为此,构建基于等效转换法的建筑空间最优节能模型,并对其仿真研究。提出建筑总体能耗作为初始优化的“尺度”概念,该尺度为建筑空间的外墙、内墙、屋顶、分户楼板以及门窗等参数,求解这些尺度的最佳标准值。采用等效转换法计算在节能条件下所能接受的最大能耗范围。在此基础上,以上述范围值为约束条件,建立控制函数。将上述提到标准尺度值和最大能耗范围设置为最优解,建立最优节能设计模型,设定温差调节因子,对每一次室内外温差实施有效调节控制,保证建筑体参数符合最佳能耗范围。仿真结果证明,所提方法对冬季采暖和夏季制冷的能耗控制效果均较佳,节能效果最优且算法收敛性高,鲁棒性较好。

江西天井式民居生态适宜性探究

江西地区传统天井式民居具有良好的生态适宜性,在漫长的岁月中形成一套人与自然相和谐的共处模式。文章选取典型案例进行实地测绘、建模,借助Ecotect、Phoenics以及Energy Plus软件进行模拟分析,比较天井式民居与现代民居的光环境、风环境及能耗,验证天井式民居宜居性特征,分析天井式民居生态适宜性的优势与短板,并提出提高现代乡土民居生态适宜性的设计策略,以期为现代建筑的被动式节能技术提供优化思路。

外窗节能设计与集成技术

建筑外窗作为建筑围护构件中最不节能的部件,包括传热系数(U值)、可见光透射率(T_(vis))、太阳热增益系数(S_(HGC))等在内的光热性能指标直接影响了建筑的能耗。为了更加全面地了解建筑外窗节能设计的关键技术,通过数据库资料详细梳理了前人的相关研究成果。研究发现:窗墙比、建筑遮阳、窗框、窗玻璃、气密性等是影响建筑外窗节能的关键要素;集成技术在外窗节能设计方面具有明显的优越性,能够极大提高外窗的节能效率;人的行为方式对外窗节能效率也会产生较大的影响。

寒冷地区既有高校宿舍被动式节能潜力分析——以南开大学八里台为例

文章以南开大学八里台校区宿舍为例,探索在低碳背景下寒冷地区既有高校宿舍建筑被动节能改造的潜力,通过实地调研,建立基准模拟,并利用Grasshopper软件搭建参数化平台对基准模型外围护结构热工性能的被动式节能因素进行模拟分析,设计正交试验,模拟不同试验的建筑能耗,通过SPSS分析影响能耗的参数与能耗间的关系,从而确定每个参数对建筑能耗的影响程度,得出不同因素对于建筑能耗的敏感性。结果表明:外墙、屋顶、外窗等部位传热系数与采暖、制冷能耗均呈线性关系;节能优先级依次为:外墙、外窗、屋顶;仅通过改变外围护结构热工性能,最大节能潜力为61.9%,若想实现零能耗,需要使用高能效的主动式设备和最大化利用可再生能源。