Life Cycle Energy Analysis of a Multifamily Residential House: A Case Study in Indian Context

The paper presents life cycle energy analysis of a multifamily residential house situated in Allahabad (U.P), India. The study covers energy for construction, operation, maintenance and demolition phases of the building. The selected building is a 4-storey concrete structured multifamily residential house comprising 44 apartments with usable floor area of 2960 m2. The material used for the building structure is steel reinforced concrete and envelope is made up of burnt clay brick masonry. Embodied energy of the building is calculated based on the embodied energy coefficients of building materials applicable in Indian context. Operating energy of the building is estimated using e-Quest energy simulation software. Results show that operating energy (89%) of the building is the largest contributor to life cycle energy of the building, followed by embodied energy (11%). Steel, cement and bricks are most significant materials in terms of contribution to the initial embodied energy profile. The life cycle energy intensity of the building is found to be 75 GJ/m2 and energy index 288 kWh/m2 years (primary). Use of aerated concrete blocks in the construction of walls and for covering roof has been examined as energy saving strategy and it is found that total life cycle energy demand of the building reduces by 9.7%. In addition, building integrated photo voltaic (PV) panels are found most promising for reduction (37%) in life cycle energy (primary) use of the building.

New Characteristics of Residential Housing Construction Quality in China

Base on the investigation results of residential housing construction quality recent years in China,this research first analyzes the general quality condition of residential housing construction,then demonstrates the quality condition in different regions in our country,finds out main quality problems in the residential housing construction and studies the new characteristics of quality problems,finally provides the construction industry positive foundation to solve the quality problems objectively for residential housing construction.

Study on Tianjin Public Housing Residential District Planning to Meet the Needs of Migration in Rapid Urbanization

Along the rapid urbanization, the housing problem of medium and low-income residents in cities has been one of social problems, which is drawing the attention of government in the world for a long time. In present China, both the national policy and market of housing system are in the process of perfecting, which pay more attention to the low-income residents and rural residents. This paper chooses Tianjin, the third pole of China development as the example for research. Tianjin public housing residential district planning explored a mode of ＂large-scale mix and small-scale pure＂ for the whole homeland development. It confirms that regional coordination, ecological concepts, green transport, space characteristics and appropriate technology is important in planning.

Literature Review on the Renovation Project of Self-Built Residential Buildings in the South Under the Low-Carbon Background

With the continuous exploration and research of low-carbon buildings in China,combined with foreign theories and practices,there are a few basic theoretical and practical projects for low-carbon construction in major cities of China.However,throughout the entire academic research,there is still no comprehensive and clear guidance for the green and low-carbon research and transformation of rural self-built houses.Therefore,the existing development of low-carbon technology for rural self-built houses has been summarized,and some prospects for the future development of rural self-built houses have been summarized.It is hoped that this will have positive help for future rural low-carbon transformation.

China's Residential Property Market is Tougher

Housing sales and new starts are now contracting.We model future housing inventories;sales will have to rise substantially if inventories are to be cleared.Policy is now more obviously moving towards supporting the market.April will not be the cruellest month for China’s residential property market,in our view-we believe there are

Incorporating the Built Environment Interactions into Spatial Pattern Models to Understand Urban Metabolism in Tokyo＇s Residential Area

In Tokyo, as residential areas exist in the urban areas and are composed of areas owned by individual land owners, basically spatial changes are brought by redevelopments of each sites conducted by individual circumstances and motivations. Continuous redevelopments and spatial changes can be found dispersedly in areas. Once the spatial change in a certain site occurred in an area as a building, it will be contained in the built environment of the residential area which is defined by residents, planners and designers who will take part in the following spatial changes. In Tokyo, public transportation facilities are well developed, and residents＇ daily life involves activities such as a slow walking and bicycle, etc. around the place of residence near the public transportation hubs, each living territories are formed in this kind of manner. Considering the maintenance of spatial value in residential areas while understanding transformation of visual local environment in residential areas which focuses on appearance of each spatial change in an area of street will be of significant importance. In this paper, the authors try to describe interactions of spatial changes in existing urban residential areas focusing on utility of players who might take part in the following spatial changes and the method of discrete choice model.

装配当下,预制未来——"C-House"装配式建造技术研发与设计应用

国内居住建筑在未来将会呈现逐渐低层化和高品质化的发展趋势.C-House装配式低层住宅体系面向未来的高品质居住需求,应用构件组合模块化拓展应用技术系统和新型建造方法以实现建筑长寿化、品质优良化、低碳生态化的目标,并可推动未来居住建筑向人文化、绿色化、可持续化发展.

Electric Field Calculations of Residential Houses near UHVDC Lines Using 3D Reconstruction Method

Prediction of electric field impact on residential houses is required in the design of UHVDC transmission lines.The calculation of electric field distribution on houses is a 3D problem,however,the effectiveness of some 2D calculation meth-ods has been validated by specific reduced-scale experimental models.The 2D methods are simple in operation and quick in computation compared with the 3D methods.In this paper,the deviation ranges of 2D electric field calculation results on houses are discussed.Then,a 3D electric field reconstruction method is proposed to correct the 2D results according to the size and location of the houses.The 3D electric field distribution on the houses can be obtained based on efficient 2D calculations,and a direct 3D calculation is avoided.Finally,the validity of the calculation methods is verified by the measurement results of a full-scale experimental system.

藤本壮介的House N引发的住宅室内模糊空间构想

日本建筑师藤本壮介的住宅作品"House N"所体现出的空间设计思想丰富而独特,笔者认为,其中空间的模糊性理念给住宅室内空间设计带来了一些新的思路。通过对House N的深度解读,笔者尝试将模糊空间理念融入住宅室内空间设计,并对住宅室内模糊空间的设计理念与方法提出了自己的构想。

Sustainable Housing: A Preferred Approach to the Request of Housing Facility in Nigeria

Exhaustive studies have investigated housing situation in Nigeria in terms of demands, supplies, deficits, standard, finance, delivery and affordability. However, little or no studies have been done on how the housing that has and needs to be provided will give a long time satisfaction to the changing needs of users across their lifetime. The investigation of longtime satisfaction in building instigated by changing needs that result from ageing progression is necessary as studies have reported an inevitable biological and mental change in the users. This study investigated for such design type that would be compliant to the changing needs as the users grew in it, explored the knowledge of the design professionals and users on such design type and examined areas that improvements could be affected. 400 cases of houses designed and built by professionals and the ones with full participation of the end users in four geopolitical zones in Nigeria were examined using open-ended and close- ended interview questions on the occupants. The houses selected were owner- occupied and the occupants had lived for at least 10 years in it. The result shows that neither do the professional nor the participated users consider ageing progression during design and construction stage, thereby, resulting in the increasing desire to modify the interior spaces as the occupants grow in it. Suggestions were made on how considerations could be given to ageing process during the design stage and the need for further investigation on the subject matter.

Effects of Culture, Tradition and Local Architecture on Housing： A Case of Balat （Istanbul） Jewish Housing

Istanbul as a city, throughout history, has become an attractive land for various social groups to settle. As a result, different periods in city life have witnessed the arrival of setllers forming their own settlements, thus leading to a so called ＂mosaic of settlements＂ within the city. Social factors have played a big role in the formation and development of settlements in Istanbul. The cultural variety arising from the different social structures has led to different architectural features in the city. The different social structures have also had affects on site selection, on the quarter- district tissue, and also on the residential architecture. It is therefore, the general purpose of this article to explore the different features of quarters reflecting the interaction between the architectural formation and the cultural values of society. In the Historical Peninsula in Istanbul, one can easily observe the impact of cultural characteristics of the communities on their housing settlements. Together with environmental features such as climate, local building materials, building technologies, the cultural values of the social groups all have played a role in determining the architectural environment and the formation of housing settlements. Among all others, Balat, which still exists, is the oldest housing settlement of the Jewish Community in lstanbul, dating back to the Byzantine period. It reflects the full characteristics of a Jewish quarter structure in the best possible manner. The synagogue, religious worship building, and the houses which both form and shape a typical Jewish quarter are subject to investigation and analysis in this paper. Besides, the layouts of Jewish quarters in this settlement, the architectural character of houses and religious buildings are documented with ＂drawings＂, ＂photographs＂, ＂maps＂ and ＂sketches＂.

NUDGING OCCUPANT BEHAVIOR-CULTIVATING POSITIVE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN COMFORT,HEALTH,AND BUILDING EFFICIENCY ACTIONS WITH THE DENVER HOUSING AUTHORITY

1.INTROD CTION Established in 1938,the Housing Authority of the City and County of Denver(DHA)is one of the nation’s most successful housing authorities,providing a variety of livable affordable housing options throughout Denver Colorado.DHA’s mission is to serve the residents of Denver by developing,owning,and operating safe,decent,and affordable housing in a manner that promotes thriving communities.DHA manages,owns,and operates a large portfolio of residential,warehouse,office and commercial properties through the City and County of Denver,CO.One of DHA’s strategic goals is to develop and operate sustainable energy efficiency properties through the Denver community.DHA continues to develop and rehab buildings that meet the USGBC rating system and Green Enterprise Communities Standards,include the development of LEED Platinum buildings.In addition to developing and maintaining energy efficient properties,DHA is also focused on engaging with residents to encourage responsible choices around energy use.DHA believes there is significant opportunity for energy and water savings through focusing on the human dimension of energy efficiency.YR&G has been working with DHA since 2010 supporting sustainable design initiatives for their new construction projects.In 2014,YR&G began working with DHA to design,implement,and perform measurement and verification for a resident education and engagement program focused on energy and water conservation behaviors.The intent is to produce a replicable program that can be implemented across DHA properties.

ENERGY AND WATER PERFORMANCE OF AN OFF-GRID TINY HOUSE IN CALIFORNIA

The impetus for buildings to decarbonize and move towards radical energy and water efficiency is increasingly strong and identified as a priority within the green building sector.The tiny house movement offers an opportunity to both address the challenges of affordable housing and contribute to residential building decarbonization.Tiny houses de-emphasize mass consumption and excessive belongings and have potential to address equity issues such as gentrification by providing living spaces to low-income residents in desirable housing locations.This paper analyzes the Tiny House in My Backyard(THIMBY)project,investigating building sustainability concepts through the design-build-occupy process in a three-year-old structure.THIMBY demonstrates energy and water efficiency technologies inside an award-winning small living space(18.5 m^(2)).THIMBY was designed to reduce energy and water use by 87 and 82%compared to California residential averages.In practice,it has reduced site energy by 88%and has emitted 96%fewer carbon emissions than a 2100 square foot California Energy Commission 2016 Title 24 minimally compliant home.We discuss the differences between design and performance of energy and water systems,which we find offer important lessons for the further expansion of the tiny house movement and other alternative and micro green housing types.We find that optimizing such houses through integration of energy and water saving technologies,home energy management systems,and strong communication between modelers,builders and occupants will be essential to achieving dramatic energy(87%),water(82%),and carbon(96%)savings.

THE ESSENCE OF LOW-ENERGY AFFORDABLE HOUSING DESIGN STRATEGIESLearnt from Scottish and Canadian Homebuilders’Attempt and Experience

Nearly one-third of the Scottish population is struggling to heat their home properly today.There is an urgent need for the delivery of low-energy affordable homes.However,the homebuilding industry has no systematic way to deliver such unconventional homes,although the UK government has set out a bold“green”target that all newly-built homes be carbon neutral by 2016.Accordingly,this paper explores the status quo of today’s affordable homes being built in Scotland;and secondly,it extends the scope to the review of successfully commercialized low-to zero-energy affordable housing developments in Canada.This study emphasizes the significant impact of design choices on the delivery of low-to zero-energy affordable housing,including housing orientations and configurations;construction materials and systems,including renewable energy technologies;and internal planning,with due consideration to the time-related sun positions and the internal space day-lighting and heat gain potentials.In addition,the paper argues that the absence of clear definitions as to housing quality and affordability,and the lack of industry capacity for technical knowledge learning activities,are potential obstacles that limit the spread of sustainable zero-carbon homes in Scotland today.Moreover,the effect of the design charrette approach being practiced in Canada on the homebuilding decision making process was reviewed,with the aim of providing a base for further discussion on the applicability of Canadian low-energy affordable housing design techniques to sustainable zero carbon homes of the future in Scotland.

规划视角下“好房子”的建设思考

“住”是城市的基本功能,是城市人民性的重要体现。新时期国家对“住”提出更高要求,住房和城乡建设部多次提到“好房子”概念,强调要让人民群众住上更好的房子。现阶段住房规划建设主要存在供需不匹配、环境不完善、制度不健全等方面的问题。在规划视角下,从3个方面对“好房子”提出建议:一是针对不同人群提供差异化的“好房子”;二是提供“好房子”必备的居住环境,包括保障用地、优化尺度、降低强度、完善配套、改善环境5个要素;三是健全“好房子”的配套制度,包括体检评估、政策统筹、部门协同、服务完善等方面。

居住功能体检器助力好房子建设

随着城市化的推进,房地产市场从增量转向存量,房屋运维管理变得至关重要。本文探讨了居住功能体检器的重要性,该系统融合了人工智能和物联网技术,已在住建部好房子科技展厅试点探索。文章从住房存量问题、房屋体检制度、居住功能体检器功能设定及可能带来的改变等方面进行分析。

乡村振兴背景下北部湾地区新农村独栋住宅优化设计研究

改善农村人居环境,建设美丽宜居乡村,是实施乡村振兴战略的一项重要任务。为助力乡村振兴,打造乡村生态宜居住宅,本文以北海市铁山港区扫管龙村的农村住宅为例,立足农村住宅优化设计的影响要素、设计原则、设计意义,结合扫管龙村的基本概况,对该村落的住宅现状进行分析。从该村落所面临的问题点出发,通过理论与实践调研相结合的方式对其新农村独栋住宅的优化设计展开研究,总结出适宜北部湾地区的住宅环境优化策略,为新农村住宅环境的设计理论提供参考。

十五天快速翻新改造老旧住宅应用研究

随着城镇化进程的不断深入,老旧住宅区的改造已成为城市更新的重要组成部分。装配式装修技术以其快速、高效、环保的特点,为老旧住区改造提供了新的思路和解决方案。本文以北京市朝阳区某老旧住宅翻新改造为研究对象,探索通过装配式装修技术,采用绿色化、工业化、数字化的手段,现场仅用十五天完成对老旧住宅快速翻新改造的应用研究。

社会-空间视角下的英国保障性住房发展研究

从20世纪中期的大规模公共住房建设到近年来的市场化转型,英国在解决住房短缺问题的过程中,采取了不同的政策导向和城市规划策略,这些策略在取得成效的同时,也不可避免地导致了低收入群体与其他社会阶层之间的隔离现象。这种隔离不仅限制了低收入居民的社会流动性,也加剧了社会不平等和区域发展不均衡。文章通过理顺英国保障性住房各时期的发展脉络,探讨各时期内产生居住隔离现象的成因,以期为保障性住房政策制定提供理论依据和实践参考。

房地产信贷与住房可支付性

本文使用2010—2022年中国135个城市房地产信贷、房价、房租以及家庭收入与消费数据,考察房地产信贷对住房可支付性影响。实证研究发现,城市房地产开发贷款占比越高,城市房价收入比越低;城市住房抵押贷款占比越高,城市房价收入比与房租收入比越高;房地产信贷对房价可支付性的影响大于房租可支付性;房地产开发贷款提高城市中等收入者住房可支付性,但住房抵押贷款降低城市中等收入者住房可支付性。因此,住房信贷政策应主要解决城市中等收入者房价可支付问题而非房租可支付问题。