Travel behavior resilience:Theory,method,and empirical studies

Resilience studies have long been a focal point in the fields of geography,social science,urban studies,and psychology.Recently,resilience studies from multiple disciplines have scrutinized resilience at an individual scale.As one important behavior in the daily life of human beings,travel behavior is characterized by spatial dependence,spatiotemporal dynamics,and group heterogeneity.Moreover,how to understand the interaction between travel behavior(or demand)and transportation supply and their dynamics is a fundamental question in transportation studies when transportation systems encounter unexpected disturbances.This paper refines the definition of travel behavior resilience based on fundamental theories from multiple disciplines,including ecology,transportation engineering,and psychology.Additionally,this paper proposes a conceptual theoretical framework of travel behavior resilience based on the dynamic equilibrium characteristics of transportation supply and demand.In general,travel behavior has three stages of variation,namely,dramatic reduction,rapid growth,and fluctuation recovery,which have helped capture the travel behavior resilience triangle.Then,we construct a corresponding evaluation methodology that is suitable for multiscale and multidimensional perspectives.We emphasize that the evaluation of travel behavior resilience should be process-oriented with temporal continuity or capture the inflection points of travel behavior.Using multisource big data such as mobile phone signaling data and smart card data,this paper reviews empirical studies on travel behavior resilience,exploring its spatial heterogeneity and group differences.With location-based analysis,we confirm that people show greater travel behavior resilience in places where people engage in various socioeconomic activities.The group-based analysis shows that age and socioeconomic attributes of mobility groups significantly affect travel behavior resilience.Travel behavior resilience can be one pillar,offering geographic perspectives in resilience studies.In the future,the study of travel behavior resilience at multiple scales and from multiple perspectives can explore the spatial heterogeneity of transportation re-equilibrium and travel modal differences,contributing to urban spatial structure studies.Studying travel behavior resilience can provide scientific and technological support for urban management and resilient city construction.