Attention Markets of Blockchain-Based Decentralized Autonomous Organizations

The attention is a scarce resource in decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs),as their self-governance relies heavily on the attention-intensive decision-making process of“proposal and voting”.To prevent the negative effects of pro-posers’attention-capturing strategies that contribute to the“tragedy of the commons”and ensure an efficient distribution of attention among multiple proposals,it is necessary to establish a market-driven allocation scheme for DAOs’attention.First,the Harberger tax-based attention markets are designed to facilitate its allocation via continuous and automated trading,where the individualized Harberger tax rate(HTR)determined by the pro-posers’reputation is adopted.Then,the Stackelberg game model is formulated in these markets,casting attention to owners in the role of leaders and other competitive proposers as followers.Its equilibrium trading strategies are also discussed to unravel the intricate dynamics of attention pricing.Moreover,utilizing the single-round Stackelberg game as an illustrative example,the existence of Nash equilibrium trading strategies is demonstrated.Finally,the impact of individualized HTR on trading strategies is investigated,and results suggest that it has a negative correlation with leaders’self-accessed prices and ownership duration,but its effect on their revenues varies under different conditions.This study is expected to provide valuable insights into leveraging attention resources to improve DAOs’governance and decision-making process.

Acoustics-Based Autonomous Docking for A Deep-Sea Resident ROV

This paper presents autonomous docking of an inhouse built resident Remotely Operated Vehicle(ROV),called Rover ROV,through acoustic guided techniques.A novel cage-type docking station has been developed.The docking station can be placed on a deep-sea lander,taking the Rover ROV to the seafloor.Instead of using vision-based pose estimation techniques and expensive navigation sensors,the Rover ROV docking adopts an ultra-short baseline(USBL)and low-cost inertial sensors to build an adaptive fault-tolerant integrated navigation system.To solve the problem of sonar-based failure positioning,the measurement residuals are exploited to detect measurement faults.Then,an adaptation scheme for estimating the statistical characteristics of noise in real-time is proposed,which can provide robust and smooth positioning results.It is more suitable for a compact and low-cost deep-sea resident ROV.Field experiments have been conducted successfully in the Qiandao Lake and the South China Sea area with a depth of 3000 m,respectively.The experimental results show that the functionality of autonomous docking has been achieved.Under the guidance of the navigation system,the Rover ROV can autonomously and efficiently return to the docking station within a range of 100 m even when the amounts of outliers exist in the acoustic positioning data.These achievements can be applied to current ROVs by an easy retrofit.

Dynamic Changes of the Farmers and Herdsmen’s Income Sources in the Tibet Autonomous Region

Based on the Tibet Autonomous Region's statistic yearbooks and the data fromthe two household surveys in 2002 and 2004, this paper has comprehensively analyzed the pattern ofchanges on the farmers and herdsmen's income sources in the Tibet Autonomous Region since 1990 withthe main findings as follows; (1) The change of income from the labor payment is the fastest; (2)There is no regular pattern of income variation for the household economic activities, the farmersand herdsmen's household incomegeneration projects are impacted by the elements like prices andreturns, and there is a lack of appropriate direction; (3) The income structure of labor paymentshows that the income from the farmers and herdsmen working outside grows fastest; (4) The incomefrom the farmers and herdsmen's labor payment correlate positively to their net income per capita;(5) From the perspective of the variation by region, labor payment income has changed fastest in thecounties of Rutok, Nyerong and Khangmar comparedthe data from the household survey in 2002 withthat of 2004.

Governance of decentralized autonomous organizations that produce open source software

Decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs)have found use in the governance of open source software(OSS)projects.However,the governance of an OSS producing DAO should match the particularities of OSS production while also overcoming the existing challenges of decentralized governance.The existing decentralized governance frameworks do not include all the governance activities of OSS projects.Therefore,this study presents a governance framework for DAOs that produce OSS.The framework is built upon a total of 34 articles on DAO and OSS governance.The framework was evaluated in three leading DAOs that produce OSS.The evaluation underscores the significance of the framework and proves the potential of the systematic categorization of governance mechanisms.Finally,we list emerging governance practices in various governance domains in this developing field.

居民组织化参与城市社区公共服务供给的影响因素研究

居民组织化参与城市社区公共服务供给能够有效克服居民“原子化”参与存在的无序性、偶发性等弊端。文章对居民组织化参与城市社区公共服务供给的影响因素展开探究,运用建构型扎根理论等研究方法,凝练以主体属性、主体互动途径、服务构成为主要构成维度,以主体种类、主体价值认同、主体参与能力等11个因素及其内在联系为主要内容的影响因素作用机理,并提出基于主体属性强化多元主体参与力量、建构并发展多种居民组织化主体互动途径、丰富社区公共服务类型并完善供给机制等推动居民组织化参与城市社区公共服务供给的政策建议。

共生治理:网格与社区居民自治有机联结的发展路径

网格化管理作为治理工具被运用到社区治理以来,以其鲜明的行政化属性饱受争议。通过对H省Y市网格化管理与居民自治实践案例的观察与分析,发现网格化管理与社区居民自治之间并不是相互制约,而是存在着相互促进、互利互惠的共生关系。基于共生理论提出了网格与自治共生治理的分析框架。研究表明,网格重塑了自治的共生单元,通过合理设置网格、规范组织架构、明确职责功能,整合了多元主体,协同各类组织,形成社区多元共治体系;重整了自治的共生资源,通过外部资源共享统筹,内部资源的教化与引导,促进了社区居民认同感,营造了人人共享的物质和精神共生环境;重建了自治的共生模式,形成了多元主体的自主自治、精英个体的引导自治、党组织的引领自治以及德治、法治、自治、智治相结合的模式,有力地推动了社区居民自治,实现了政府与居民自治的有机联结,为社会治理共同体建设提供了有益路径。

Distribution, residence time, autotrophic production, and heterotrophic removal of DOP in the Mirs Bay, northern South China Sea

The importance of dissolved organic phosphorus(DOP) as a potential nutrient source for primary producers in marine systems has been recognized for up to eight decades, but currently, the understanding of the biogeochemistry of DOP is in its infancy. In the present study, monthly data between 2000 and 2014 were used to analyze the temporal and spatial distributions of DOP in the Mir Bay, the northern South China Sea. The DOP residence time(TDOP) was also investigated using a simple regression analysis in combination with chlorophyll a(Chl a) measurements while excess DOP(ΔDOP), produced by the biogeochemical processes of autotrophic production and heterotrophic removal, was determined using a two-component mixing mass-balance model in combination with salinity measurements. The results showed that the DOP concentration was(0.017±0.010) mg/L higher in the surface-water compared with the bottom-water and higher in the inner Tolo Harbour and waters adjacent to Shatoujiao compared with the main zone of the bay. Although seasonal changes and annual variability in the DOP were small, the surface DOP concentration was higher in the wet season(April–September)than in the dry season(October–March) due to the impacts of seaward discharges and atmospheric deposition into the bay. Measurement and regression results showed that the DOP release rate from phytoplankton production was about 1.83(gP)/(gChl a) and the TDOP was about 7 d, which implied that the DOP cycle in the bay was rapid. The ΔDOP was calculated from the model to be about 0.000 mg/L in the main zone of the bay and about 0.002 mg/L in the inner Tolo Harbour and waters adjacent to Shaotoujiao, suggesting that the autotrophic production of DOP was almost balanced by the heterotrophic removal in the main zone of the bay and dominated in the inner Tolo Harbour and waters adjacent to Shaotoujiao. In conclusion, the Mirs Bay is very productive and fairly heterotrophic.

Using self-determination theory to identify organizational interventions to support coal mineworkers’ dust-reducing practices

Advancing the application of safety and health(S&H)technologies is likely to remain a value in the mining industry.However,any information that technologies generate must be translated from the organization to the workforce in a targeted way to result in sustainable change.Using a case study approach with continuous personal dust monitors(CPDMs),this paper argues for an organizational focus on technology integration.Although CPDMs provide mineworkers with near real-time feedback about their respirable coal dust exposure,they do not ensure that workers or the organization will continuously use the information to learn about and reduce exposure sources.This study used self-determination theory(SDT)to help three mines manage and communicate about information learned from the CPDM technology.Specifically,35 mineworkers participated in two mixed-method data collection efforts to discuss why they do or do not use CPDMs to engage in dust-reducing practices.Subsequently,the data was analyzed to better understand how organizations can improve the integration of technology through their management systems.Results indicate that using the CPDM to reduce sources of dust exposure is consistent with mineworkers’self-values to protect their health and not necessarily because of compliance to a manager or mine.

Hypertension, Autonomic Storm, Increased Counter Regulatory Hormones and Suppressed Insulin in Acute Myocarditis in Scorpion Envenoming Syndrome

Death due to scorpion envenoming syndrome is a common event in many of the tropical and non-tropical counties. Initial transient hypertension is commonly observed in scorpion sting victims. Scorpion envenoming causes autonomic storm resulting in initial transient hypertension followed by hypotension, cold clammy skin, hypothermia, cardiovascular disturbances, acute myocarditis, sarcolemmal defects, pulmonary oedema, acute pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and many other clinical manifestations. All these manifestations could be due to sudden increase in catecholamines, angiotensin II, glucagon, Cortisol and either due to suppressed insulin secretion or insulin resistance and death. The sudden increase of metabolic A in counter-regulatory hormones along with either suppressed insulin secretion/or insulin resistance results in glycogenolysis in liver, cardiac and skeletal muscles causing hyperglycemia and a sudden increase in free fatty acid levels. Free Fatty Acids increase the susceptibility of the ventricles to the disorganized electrical behavior, inhibit cardiac sarcolemmal Na+-K+ ATPase activity, increase the tendency to intravascular thrombus, increase myocardial oxygen consumption, interfere with tropomyosin-troponin activation of Actin-Myosin coupling, show detergent effects on cell membranes and they could alter the stabilization of lysosomal membranes and probably become toxic to the myocardium. Based on our animal experiments in which insulin administration reversed the metabolic and ECG changes induced by scorpion envenoming and treating the poisonous scorpion sting victims with insulin, we consider that insulin has a primary metabolic role in preventing, counter-acting and reversing all the deleterious effects of FFA by inhibiting the catecholamine induced by lipolysis, and increasing intra-cellular K+, facilitating glucose transport to the myocardium and glucose metabolism through different pathways. Administration of insulin-glucose infusion to scorpion sting victims appears to be the physiological basis for the control of the metabolic response when that has become a determinant to survival. Treatment using continuous infusion of regular crystalline insulin should be given at the rate of 0.3 U/g glucose and glucose at the rate of 0.1 g/kg body weight/hour, for 48 - 72 hours, with supplementation of potassium as needed and maintenance of fluid, electrolytes and acid-base balance.

The ins and outs of decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs)unraveling the definitions,characteristics,and emerging developments of DAOs

Despite the increase in the number of blockchain-based Decentralized Autonomous Organizations(DAOs),there is no consensus on what constitutes a DAO.This paper provides an in-depth study of DAOs by analyzing their definitions,characteristics,and emerging developments.Existing definitions in the literature hardly recognize common functionalities and intermingle coded DAOs,DAO deployment platforms,and blockchain DAOs.We developed a comprehensive DAO definition by reviewing the literature and empirically analyzing 1,859 DAOs.The findings show that many DAOs were inactive and that a threshold of 20 tokenholders is a tipping point for DAOs to survive over time and maintain sustained levels of activity.Finally,based on an empirical analysis of 9,845 perceived DAOs,we identified the emerging development of off-chain voting.This emerging development challenges the autonomous nature of DAOs.We recommend further research to investigate the effect of governance structures on their long-term sustainability and viability for both on-chain and off-chain DAOs.

ORGANIZING MACRO ECONOMIC REGIONS AND ENHANCING INTER-PROVINCIAL COORDINATION AND PLANNING IN CHINA

This paper elaborates upon the purpose of macro economicroponalization and inter-provincial planning and coordination under thesocialist market system. It descnbes the characteristics and orgarnzationalforms of macro economic regions and the principle of macro economic regionalization. The six macro economic regions-Northeast China, NorthChina, Northwest China, Middle-East China, Southwest China and South China-are divided in the paper. At the end, the paper describes somemajor programs, which requires cooperation among various involvedprovinces.

PBL联合CBL教学法在实验诊断学住培教学中的应用

目的研究以问题为基础的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)联合案例教学法(case-based learning,CBL)在住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)医师实验诊断学以系统-器官疾病为中心的教学改革中的应用效果。方法选取2017年6月—2020年6月哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院检验科内设置的医学检验专业住培基地的住培医师60名为研究对象,随机选取2017~2018年度住培医师30名纳入对照组,采用普通五年制教材传统教学法。将2019~2020年度住培医师30名纳入观察组,采用PBL联合CBL教学法。比较2组住培医师考试成绩、学习效果及教学满意度。结果观察组的优良率为100%,高于对照组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组住培医师学习主动性、思辨力、团队协作、有效沟通4个维度的得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组住培医师的总满意度为100%,高于对照组的73.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PBL联合CBL教学法在住培医师实验诊断学以系统-器官疾病为中心的教学改革中的应用效果较好,提高了住培医师成绩,锻炼了住培医师解决临床问题的综合能力。

新疆住院医师规范化培训带教师资胜任力评价体系构建研究

目的构建符合新疆医疗实际的住院医师规范化培训带教师资胜任力评价体系。方法采用文献分析法初步拟定指标,采用德尔菲法构建评价体系。结果德尔菲法专家权威系数为0.848,经过两轮专家咨询,总协调系数分别为0.295、0.241(P<0.05),专家协调性较好。最终构建包含5个一级指标14个二级指标42个三级指标的评价体系,5个一级指标为思想品德、专业能力、教学能力、学员导向、沟通能力。结论构建的住院医师规范化培训带教师资胜任力评价体系具有科学性、专业性,有助于师资队伍建设。

多模态影像融合辅助CBL教学法对心血管内科住培效果的影响

目的探讨多模态影像融合(multimodal image fusion,MMIF)辅助以案例为基础的教学法(case based learning,CBL)对心血管内科住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)效果的影响。方法选择2021年10月—2022年10月在南京医科大学第一附属医院心血管内科轮转的住院医师为研究对象,共60名。根据不同轮转时间将2021年10月—2022年3月进行轮转医师设为对照组,共27名;将2022年4月—2022年10月进行轮转的医师设为观察组,共33名。对照组予以常规教学模式,观察组行MMIF辅助CBL教学法,2组教学均持续2个月。于教学前后,评估2组的理论知识、实践能力、自主学习能力和临床思维能力;评估2组医师的教学满意度。结果观察组满意度高于对照组(96.67%vs.77.78%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。带教后,2组理论知识、实践能力评分、自主学习能力和临床思维能力评分均升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MMIF辅助CBL教学法在心血管内科住培中的效果较好,可提高学员的理论成绩、实践能力和自主学习能力,培养其临床思维能力。

外科住院医师应用动物离体器官训练效果分析

目的探讨外科住院医师应用动物离体器官训练效果。方法以西安交通大学第一附属医院2019级外科(23名)和泌尿外科(6名)两个专业的29名住院医师作为研究对象,分为三组,包括开腹阑尾切除术组(13名)、腹腔镜阑尾切除术组(10名)和腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术组(6名)。动物离体器官训练分为通用训练和术式训练。培训前,对住院医师进行各训练项目的操作能力测评。培训后对动物离体器官通用训练和术式训练均进行评分考核。并对29名住院医师进行问卷调查。结果29名住院医师均顺利完成训练及考核。经过动物离体器官通用训练,住院医师的通用训练成绩均有明显的提升(P<0.01)。开腹阑尾切除术组培训前考核合格率为10.26%,培训后合格率为94.87%;腹腔镜阑尾切除术组培训前考核合格率为5.56%,培训后合格率为46.67%;腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶减压术组培训前考核合格率为21.43%,培训后合格率为69.05%。三组住院医师培训后合格率均显著提高(P<0.01)。问卷调查结果显示,动物离体器官训练效果得到大多数参加培训的住院医师认可。结论动物离体器官训练可有效提高住院医师三种术式的操作技能,是提高住院医师临床实践技能的快速、有效方法。

PBL结合CBL教学法在器官移植科住培医生临床营养教学中的应用

目的探讨以问题为基础的教学法(PBL)结合以案例为基础的教学法(CBL)在器官移植科住院医生规范化培训(以下简称住培学员)临床营养教学中的应用效果。方法将60名住培学员随机分为实验组和对照组,每组30名。对照组采用常规规培带教方法,实验组采用PBL结合CBL教学法规培带教,比较两组住培学员的理论成绩、临床综合能力、总成绩及教学满意度,并评价两种教学方法的应用效果。结果实验组住培学员的理论成绩、临床综合能力及总成绩均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);实验组住培学员对教学的满意度明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在器官移植科住院医生规范化培训临床营养教学中联合应用PBL和CBL教学法,可提高住培学员的临床实践能力和理论成绩,提高教学满意度。

吸纳性规制:农村集体资产经营中的基层政府行为模式

在农村集体经济全面转向以集体土地和物业出租为主要形式的租赁型经济条件下,基层政府针对集体资产经营的行为模式需要更加深入的探讨。基于政府规制理论的演进脉络和场景变迁,提出“吸纳性规制”概念,用以分析基层政府主导集体资产经营的政策实践。经验研究发现,基层政府一方面完善集体资产持有、交易、使用等环节的具体规则,持续推动行政监管扩容;另一方面通过基层组织支配和集体资产代管,完成对集体资产经营权的接收。二者构成了吸纳性规制的不同实践层次,展现了行政权力的边界延展与行政系统的职能扩充。在这一过程中,基层政府注重寻求“合法性策略”与“实质性目标”之间的平衡,将规范经济秩序、提高经济绩效作为获致集体资产经营主导权的重要基础。吸纳性规制具有促进集体经济规范运行、提高集体收益的积极功能,但是也可能带给基层政府更多应对复杂市场环境、介入集体产权纠纷的压力。

PBL联合MDT教学模式在结直肠外科轮转住培医师教学中的应用

以问题为基础的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)和多学科会诊(multi-disciplinary treatment,MDT)是现代医学教育中常用的教学方法。PBL教学法是一种以问题为导向的教学方法,是通过学生自主学习和合作学习的方式,培养其问题解决能力和学习能力,激发学习兴趣。MDT是一种多学科协作的临床决策模式,通过不同学科的专家共同参与,提供全面的病情评估并制定相应的治疗方案,以提高患者的诊疗效果和生存质量。文章旨在探讨PBL联合MDT教学模式在结直肠外科轮转住培医师教学中的应用,并提供一种有效的教学模式,以期进一步提高住培医师的专业水平和团队合作能力,为日后的临床实践奠定良好的基础。

辽宁省社区草根体育组织的自主性运作研究——基于三个个案的剖析

从社区体育的视角,在分析草根体育组织的内涵的基础上,依据辽宁省3个代表性较高的社区草根体育组织,提炼出不同个案的自主性运作逻辑,剖析其行动外溢情况,并提出对策。研究发现,辽宁省社区草根体育组织的自主性运作面临权威树立与区域治理权争夺、组织内部整合能力与外部环境之间的张力、组织汲取资源能力与激化区域派系冲突三方面主要矛盾。鉴于此,提出基于互联网思维的健康运作导向:以网络式登记促进组织信息化、以积分奖惩制度促进组织专业化、以体育赛事活动促进组织有序化。

留学生有机化学教学改革创新探究

有机化学课程是临床医学类专业来华留学生必修课程之一。文章从课程教学改革的角度,提出重构课程教学目标、创新设计教学内容、构建特色性教学体系、调整教学方法、推行多元化考核方式,构建了“一依托、二结合、三阶段”的教学方法体系,通过线上线下有机融合和循序渐进式混合式教学方法,形成以学生为中心的教学理念。通过师生互动的增强、教学时间和空间的拓展以及形成性评价的实施,不仅培养学生的分析、评价、创新和高阶思维能力,进而提高了教学质量。