Attention Markets of Blockchain-Based Decentralized Autonomous Organizations

The attention is a scarce resource in decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs),as their self-governance relies heavily on the attention-intensive decision-making process of“proposal and voting”.To prevent the negative effects of pro-posers’attention-capturing strategies that contribute to the“tragedy of the commons”and ensure an efficient distribution of attention among multiple proposals,it is necessary to establish a market-driven allocation scheme for DAOs’attention.First,the Harberger tax-based attention markets are designed to facilitate its allocation via continuous and automated trading,where the individualized Harberger tax rate(HTR)determined by the pro-posers’reputation is adopted.Then,the Stackelberg game model is formulated in these markets,casting attention to owners in the role of leaders and other competitive proposers as followers.Its equilibrium trading strategies are also discussed to unravel the intricate dynamics of attention pricing.Moreover,utilizing the single-round Stackelberg game as an illustrative example,the existence of Nash equilibrium trading strategies is demonstrated.Finally,the impact of individualized HTR on trading strategies is investigated,and results suggest that it has a negative correlation with leaders’self-accessed prices and ownership duration,but its effect on their revenues varies under different conditions.This study is expected to provide valuable insights into leveraging attention resources to improve DAOs’governance and decision-making process.

Acoustics-Based Autonomous Docking for A Deep-Sea Resident ROV

This paper presents autonomous docking of an inhouse built resident Remotely Operated Vehicle(ROV),called Rover ROV,through acoustic guided techniques.A novel cage-type docking station has been developed.The docking station can be placed on a deep-sea lander,taking the Rover ROV to the seafloor.Instead of using vision-based pose estimation techniques and expensive navigation sensors,the Rover ROV docking adopts an ultra-short baseline(USBL)and low-cost inertial sensors to build an adaptive fault-tolerant integrated navigation system.To solve the problem of sonar-based failure positioning,the measurement residuals are exploited to detect measurement faults.Then,an adaptation scheme for estimating the statistical characteristics of noise in real-time is proposed,which can provide robust and smooth positioning results.It is more suitable for a compact and low-cost deep-sea resident ROV.Field experiments have been conducted successfully in the Qiandao Lake and the South China Sea area with a depth of 3000 m,respectively.The experimental results show that the functionality of autonomous docking has been achieved.Under the guidance of the navigation system,the Rover ROV can autonomously and efficiently return to the docking station within a range of 100 m even when the amounts of outliers exist in the acoustic positioning data.These achievements can be applied to current ROVs by an easy retrofit.

A Multi-agent Organization Approach for Developing Social-Technical Software of Autonomous Robots

Software of autonomous robot is a complex physical and social technical system that is context-aware, autonomous and capable of self-management to achieve tasks. It typically consists of a large amount of autonomous entities and interactions. To develop such system needs high-level metaphors and effective mechanisms independent of physical and technical details of various robots.The paper presents a multi-agent organization approach to developing autonomous robot software that is modelled as social organization, in which each agent is bound to specific roles with specified responsibilities that are tightly related with robot’s characteristics and tasks. These agents form diverse organization structure and patterns to achieve flexible cooperation in order to achieve assigned tasks. The paper details multi-agent organization model of autonomous robot software and various roles in the model. We have implemented a framework called AutoRobot that realizes the approach and supports the development and running of autonomous robot software. A case is studied by using NAO robot to show the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

Dynamic Changes of the Farmers and Herdsmen’s Income Sources in the Tibet Autonomous Region

Based on the Tibet Autonomous Region's statistic yearbooks and the data fromthe two household surveys in 2002 and 2004, this paper has comprehensively analyzed the pattern ofchanges on the farmers and herdsmen's income sources in the Tibet Autonomous Region since 1990 withthe main findings as follows; (1) The change of income from the labor payment is the fastest; (2)There is no regular pattern of income variation for the household economic activities, the farmersand herdsmen's household incomegeneration projects are impacted by the elements like prices andreturns, and there is a lack of appropriate direction; (3) The income structure of labor paymentshows that the income from the farmers and herdsmen working outside grows fastest; (4) The incomefrom the farmers and herdsmen's labor payment correlate positively to their net income per capita;(5) From the perspective of the variation by region, labor payment income has changed fastest in thecounties of Rutok, Nyerong and Khangmar comparedthe data from the household survey in 2002 withthat of 2004.

The ins and outs of decentralized autonomous organizations(DAOs)unraveling the definitions,characteristics,and emerging developments of DAOs

Despite the increase in the number of blockchain-based Decentralized Autonomous Organizations(DAOs),there is no consensus on what constitutes a DAO.This paper provides an in-depth study of DAOs by analyzing their definitions,characteristics,and emerging developments.Existing definitions in the literature hardly recognize common functionalities and intermingle coded DAOs,DAO deployment platforms,and blockchain DAOs.We developed a comprehensive DAO definition by reviewing the literature and empirically analyzing 1,859 DAOs.The findings show that many DAOs were inactive and that a threshold of 20 tokenholders is a tipping point for DAOs to survive over time and maintain sustained levels of activity.Finally,based on an empirical analysis of 9,845 perceived DAOs,we identified the emerging development of off-chain voting.This emerging development challenges the autonomous nature of DAOs.We recommend further research to investigate the effect of governance structures on their long-term sustainability and viability for both on-chain and off-chain DAOs.

PBL联合CBL教学法在实验诊断学住培教学中的应用

目的研究以问题为基础的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)联合案例教学法(case-based learning,CBL)在住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)医师实验诊断学以系统-器官疾病为中心的教学改革中的应用效果。方法选取2017年6月—2020年6月哈尔滨医科大学附属第四医院检验科内设置的医学检验专业住培基地的住培医师60名为研究对象,随机选取2017~2018年度住培医师30名纳入对照组,采用普通五年制教材传统教学法。将2019~2020年度住培医师30名纳入观察组,采用PBL联合CBL教学法。比较2组住培医师考试成绩、学习效果及教学满意度。结果观察组的优良率为100%,高于对照组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组住培医师学习主动性、思辨力、团队协作、有效沟通4个维度的得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组住培医师的总满意度为100%,高于对照组的73.33%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PBL联合CBL教学法在住培医师实验诊断学以系统-器官疾病为中心的教学改革中的应用效果较好,提高了住培医师成绩,锻炼了住培医师解决临床问题的综合能力。

多模态影像融合辅助CBL教学法对心血管内科住培效果的影响

目的探讨多模态影像融合(multimodal image fusion,MMIF)辅助以案例为基础的教学法(case based learning,CBL)对心血管内科住院医师规范化培训(简称住培)效果的影响。方法选择2021年10月—2022年10月在南京医科大学第一附属医院心血管内科轮转的住院医师为研究对象,共60名。根据不同轮转时间将2021年10月—2022年3月进行轮转医师设为对照组,共27名;将2022年4月—2022年10月进行轮转的医师设为观察组,共33名。对照组予以常规教学模式,观察组行MMIF辅助CBL教学法,2组教学均持续2个月。于教学前后,评估2组的理论知识、实践能力、自主学习能力和临床思维能力;评估2组医师的教学满意度。结果观察组满意度高于对照组(96.67%vs.77.78%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。带教后,2组理论知识、实践能力评分、自主学习能力和临床思维能力评分均升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论MMIF辅助CBL教学法在心血管内科住培中的效果较好,可提高学员的理论成绩、实践能力和自主学习能力,培养其临床思维能力。

新疆住院医师规范化培训带教师资胜任力评价体系构建研究

目的构建符合新疆医疗实际的住院医师规范化培训带教师资胜任力评价体系。方法采用文献分析法初步拟定指标,采用德尔菲法构建评价体系。结果德尔菲法专家权威系数为0.848,经过两轮专家咨询,总协调系数分别为0.295、0.241(P<0.05),专家协调性较好。最终构建包含5个一级指标14个二级指标42个三级指标的评价体系,5个一级指标为思想品德、专业能力、教学能力、学员导向、沟通能力。结论构建的住院医师规范化培训带教师资胜任力评价体系具有科学性、专业性,有助于师资队伍建设。

辽宁省社区草根体育组织的自主性运作研究——基于三个个案的剖析

从社区体育的视角,在分析草根体育组织的内涵的基础上,依据辽宁省3个代表性较高的社区草根体育组织,提炼出不同个案的自主性运作逻辑,剖析其行动外溢情况,并提出对策。研究发现,辽宁省社区草根体育组织的自主性运作面临权威树立与区域治理权争夺、组织内部整合能力与外部环境之间的张力、组织汲取资源能力与激化区域派系冲突三方面主要矛盾。鉴于此,提出基于互联网思维的健康运作导向:以网络式登记促进组织信息化、以积分奖惩制度促进组织专业化、以体育赛事活动促进组织有序化。

吸纳性规制:农村集体资产经营中的基层政府行为模式

在农村集体经济全面转向以集体土地和物业出租为主要形式的租赁型经济条件下,基层政府针对集体资产经营的行为模式需要更加深入的探讨。基于政府规制理论的演进脉络和场景变迁,提出“吸纳性规制”概念,用以分析基层政府主导集体资产经营的政策实践。经验研究发现,基层政府一方面完善集体资产持有、交易、使用等环节的具体规则,持续推动行政监管扩容;另一方面通过基层组织支配和集体资产代管,完成对集体资产经营权的接收。二者构成了吸纳性规制的不同实践层次,展现了行政权力的边界延展与行政系统的职能扩充。在这一过程中,基层政府注重寻求“合法性策略”与“实质性目标”之间的平衡,将规范经济秩序、提高经济绩效作为获致集体资产经营主导权的重要基础。吸纳性规制具有促进集体经济规范运行、提高集体收益的积极功能,但是也可能带给基层政府更多应对复杂市场环境、介入集体产权纠纷的压力。

全科住院医师规范化培训质量评价体系构建研究——以WONCA 6大核心能力为框架

目的探讨以世界家庭医生组织(WONCA)6大核心能力为框架的全科住院医师规范化培训(住培)质量评价体系。方法以WONCA 6大核心能力为框架,通过文献筛选法并结合开放式问卷调查形式收集质性数据,经过两轮专家咨询确定指标体系,基于现象学的Colaizzi 7步分析法选取了评价住培培训质量的指标,运用层次分析法算出各指标权重进而制定全科住培培训质量评价指标体系。结果确定了住培医生相关情况、培训相关内容了解情况、培训医院基本情况等10个方面的33个指标以构建全科住培培训质量评价指标体系;最终通过层次分析法确定各指标权重,其中学员收入(0.082)、上级重视(0.081)和结业总考核(0.113)权重最高。结论研究结果显示在评估全科住培培训质量体系应重点关注住培医生相关情况、培训相关内容了解情况、培训医院基本情况等10个方面中权重最高的指标,尤其是学员收入、上级重视和结业总考核3个方面,以完善评估系统。

自然接触对城市居民亲环境行为的影响机制——基于自然联结的中介效应分析

基于刺激-机体-反应理论,引入自然联结变量,将自然接触划分为街区、公园及山林3种不同类型,考察自然接触对城市居民亲环境行为的作用路径,以及自然联结的中介效应。基于福州市249份城市居民样本的实证研究显示:自然接触中的山林接触、公园接触与自然联结均是城市居民亲环境行为的前驱因素,街区接触则不是;山林接触是自然联结的前驱因素,公园接触、街区接触则不是;自然联结在山林接触和城市居民亲环境行为之间发挥部分中介作用。结果表明,我国各城市政府应多创造城市居民与自然尤其是山林接触的机会,丰富自然接触方式,加强个体自然联结,通过各种方式推动并强化城市居民采取亲环境行为。

广西高校大学生对器官捐献认知及意愿的调查研究

目的了解广西高校大学生对器官捐献的认知及意愿现状,并分析其影响因素,提出对策和建议,为进一步推进器官捐献事业的发展提供参考。方法采取方便抽样法,选取广西9所高校974名大学生为研究对象进行问卷调查。问卷由一般资料、器官捐献认知度、器官捐献意愿和影响因素四部分组成。结果广西高校974名大学生器官捐献认知度总分为(5.4±1.31)分,认知度较低且器官捐献了解途径单一;24.95%的大学生有器官捐献意愿,不愿意的占10.78%,其余持中立态度,其中医学生意愿强于非医学生(P<0.05);影响器官捐献意愿的主要因素是传统观念。结论建议全社会加强器官捐献知识的宣传教育,政府完善相关法规、建立相应激励机制等,以提高大学生器官捐献认知度,增强器官捐献意愿。

低轨互联网星座发展研究

近年来,随着互联网用户激增,SpaceX、OneWeb等创新型企业纷纷计划打造低轨互联网星座,引发全球低轨卫星互联网星座的发展热潮。因此,研究国内外低轨互联网星座的发展情况及当前面临的技术难题有着很重要的意义。基于此,介绍了国外具有代表性的3个低轨互联网星座计划(Starlink、OneWeb、Lightspeed)及国内星座的最新发展情况;根据低轨互联网星座的特点,着重分析了低轨互联网星座面临的五大技术挑战:星座相对运动演化预报、星座自主导航与定轨、星座构型重构的路径规划、星座自组织协同构型控制、星座通信与网络服务;根据当前低轨互联网星座的发展趋势,对中国在低轨互联网星座的发展给出了建议。

辽代斡鲁朵内的部族组织研究

斡鲁朵内的部族组织由石烈、抹里和瓦里三种基层单位构成,属于“部族”组织,而非“帐族”组织,有相对固定的驻牧地,不追随辽帝捺钵。在辽朝中期以前,辽帝通过建立隶属于斡鲁朵的石烈和抹里组织,削弱契丹部族势力。在辽朝中期以后,受到自然环境恶化和契丹部族势力式微等因素的影响,斡鲁朵内的石烈和抹里组织逐渐被迁离“契丹故地”,转向对奚人的镇戍。瓦里是由契丹贵族罪犯组成的基层组织,是辽帝削弱契丹贵族势力的工具。瓦里的分布地与契丹“分地”的继承制度有关。

日本基层治理研究初探——以自治组织数字治理为焦点

自治组织作为日本基层治理的重要组成部分,在町民自治、协同治理等方面发挥着不可替代的重要作用。虽然在历史上其形态职能有所差异,甚至在特殊时期因其职能模糊,乃至彻底丧失自治职能,成为“上行下效”的行政末端机构,遭受日本学界的批判。但正因其天然的自治职能与文化特性,对于日本社会的和谐稳定起到了关键作用。随着数字时代的来临,日本政府依托数字田园都市战略,在大力推动城乡数字化转型的同时,积极培育新型数字化自治组织,通过数字技术缓解因老龄化、农村过疏化等造成的人员流失以及城乡公共服务不均等问题。时至今日,随着日本城乡数字化转型,以町内会为代表的自治组织逐渐形成多维度、多参与的混合治理模式,加速迈向双向互动的数字化治理新阶段。

驻村干部何以影响乡村治理?——基于Y县乡村振兴的案例比较分析

驻村帮扶制度是新中国成立以来重要的制度性安排,也是现阶段实施乡村振兴战略的重要工作机制之一,其在实践中展现的驻村干部差异化影响成为学术界和实务界的重要议题。“外部整合—内部赋能”分析框架将驻村干部和村干部所形成的混合型组织分为四种类型:全面包办型、协同治理型、无为而治型和无所作为型。对M省Y县的案例比较分析表明,强化驻村干部的资源整合能力和村干部的带动发展能力是乡村振兴背景下驻村帮扶的可靠路径。协同治理型是驻村帮扶的理想进路。对此,需要完善干部选派机制、规范干部日常管理、加强驻村过程管控,以实现融入机制、整合机制、培育机制的紧密衔接,进而助力乡村振兴的全面推进。

党建引领社区社会组织参与城市居民生活治理的运行机制——以呼和浩特市赛罕区L社区“乒乓球俱乐部”为例

日常生活是研究社区治理的重要维度,源于居民日常生活的社区社会组织作为重要主体参与社区治理已成为趋势。研究发现:社区依靠居民自发组建的社会组织实现了群体整合与行动单元再造;采取“调动社区党委—聚合党员—吸纳社区社会组织积极分子—联结普通居民”的纵向递进吸纳式党建实现了社区党组织的政治引领;通过横向联动枢纽式党建活动联动社区社会组织及其他治理主体参与社区特殊性生活事件的处理;以特殊性生活事件带动普遍性集体行动,进而使居民参与到社区普遍性公共事务中。本研究从党建引领生活治理视角来回答社区为谁而治、谁来治理、如何治理等问题,丰富了基层党建的实践内涵,对构建共建共治共享的社会治理新格局具有重要意义。

A decision model for decentralized autonomous organization platform selection: Three industry case studies

Context:Decentralized autonomous organizations are a new form of smart contract-based governance.Decentralized autonomous organization platforms,which support the creation of such organizations,are becoming increasingly popular,such as Aragon and Colony.Selecting the best fitting platform is challenging for organizations,as a significant number of decision criteria,such as popularity,developer availability,governance issues and consistent documentation of such platforms,should be considered.Additionally,decision-makers at the organizations are not experts in every domain,so they must continuously acquire volatile knowledge regarding such platforms.Objective:Supporting decision-makers in selecting the right decentralized autonomous organization platforms by designing an effective decision model is the main objective of this study.We aim to provide more insight into their selection process and reduce time and effort significantly by designing a decision model.Method:This study presents a decision model for the decentralized autonomous organization platform selection problem.The decision model captures knowledge regarding such platforms and concepts systematically.This model is based on an existing theoretical framework that assists software engineers with a set of multi-criteria decision-making problems in software production.Results:We conducted three industry case studies in the context of three decentralized autonomous organizations to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the decision model in assisting decision-makers.The case study participants declared that the decision model provides significantly more insight into their selection process and reduces time and effort.Conclusion:We observe in the empirical evidence from the case studies that decision-makers can make more rational,efficient,and effective decisions with the decision model.Furthermore,the reusable form of the captured knowledge regarding decentralized autonomous organization platforms can be employed by other researchers in their future investigations.

“户有所居”的法律实现路径探究——以《土地管理法》第62条第2款为视角

法教义学视野下“一户一宅”与“户有所居”之间存在主次关系,且“户有所居”的现行法律实现路径有待构建。实践中可归纳出单一“一户一宅”、“一户一宅”和“一户一居”并存、单一“一户一居”三种广义的“户有所居”实现模式,而狭义的“户有所居”则主要表现为“一户一居”。“一户一居”的实现方式主要是“集中安置”,包括村民自治安置和政府组织安置两种类型。当下,前者需对农村集体宅基地规划与监管、宅基地使用权适度放活、集建房屋及土地的产权明晰三方面内容进行制度建构;后者除前述制度外,还需构建“集中安置”融资监管制度、宅基地置换制度和集体收益民主管理制度;而长远之道在于制定专门的《农村宅基地管理法》。