A study was carried out in the laboratories of the National Center for Pesticides Control/State Board for Plant Protection / Ministry of Agriculture in 2010-2011. The aim was to determine the residues of some pesticid...A study was carried out in the laboratories of the National Center for Pesticides Control/State Board for Plant Protection / Ministry of Agriculture in 2010-2011. The aim was to determine the residues of some pesticides in fruits and vegetables imported to Iraq from neighboring countries (Jordan, Syria, Turkey and Iran). Two types of fruits (apples and oranges) and two types of vegetables (tomatoes and cucumber) were selected for the purpose of this study. These fruits and vegetables are the most agricultural products imported for human consumption in Iraq. Samples were taken from different border points and from local markets. Extraction, clean up and analysis were then processed. The results indicated the presence of small amounts of residues of certain pesticides such as Deltamethrin and Abamectin and Thiamethoxam in some samples. However, these amounts were less than the limit allowed internationally. No indication was observed for the presence of other pesticides residues such as Bifenthrin Trticonazol and Imidacloprid ... etc. in the samples analyzed. Therefore, there is a need to continuity of inspection on pesticides residues in agricultural products imported to Iraq in order to prevent the entry of contaminating materials and secure human safety.展开更多
A new method for screening and identification 420 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)were deve...A new method for screening and identification 420 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)were developed.The samples were extracted with acetonitrile/acetic acid(99:1,V/V),and clean-up by SinChERS-Nano(single-step,cheap,effective,rugged,safe,nano)column,determined by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS.The accurate mass database and MS/MS database which contains 420 pesticides were established,the automatic retrieval of detection results was carried on according to the accurate mass,retention time,isotope ratio,ion fragment information,and so on.Method verification was performed on leeks samples.The results showed that 420 pesticides had good linearity in the range of 0.1-100μg/L,and the correlation coeffificients(R2)was greater than 0.990.The limits of detections(LODs)and limits of quantifications(LOQs)of 420 pesticides were in range of 0.05-2.0 and 0.1-5.0μg/L,respectively.The average spike recoveries at 3 levels were 70.1%to 119.7%,and the relative standard deviations(RSD)were lower than 20%(n=6).With this method,a survey of pesticide residues was conducted for 110 samples of 10 different fruits and vegetables,which provided scientific data for ensuring pesticide residue safety of the fruits and vegetables consumed daily by the public.This method was simple,sensitive and accurate,and could be used for rapid screening of 420 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables.展开更多
In this paper,we report the construction of two accurate mass databases and the development of a combination detection method that simultaneously screens for 733 pesticide and chemical contaminant multi-residues via h...In this paper,we report the construction of two accurate mass databases and the development of a combination detection method that simultaneously screens for 733 pesticide and chemical contaminant multi-residues via high-throughput liquid chromatography(LC)-and gas chromatography(GC)-quadru pole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(Q-TOFMS).This work demonstrates that electronic mass spectral standards may replace chemical-source standard materials as references through one sample preparation and the combination of GC/LC-Q-TOFMS screening.This cutting-edge technique has also replaced multiresidue determination using targeted detection with non-targeted screening.The pesticide residue types,sensitivity,recovery,and reproducibility of this combination technique are evaluated in eight fruit and vegetable matrices.This technique shows three advantages:①In comparison with the discovery capability of a single technique,the combination technique shows an improvement of 51.1%(GC-QTOFMS)and 39.6%(LC-Q-TOFMS),respectively;②the combination technique can satisfy a screening limit lower than 10μg·kg^-1 and meet the requirements of“uniform standards,”although some of the pesticide residues could be optimized to further improve screening sensitivity;③over 488 pesticides with recoveries between 60%-120%and relative standard deviation(RSD)<20%at a spiked level of 10μg·kg^-1 were detected with the combination technique in eight different matrices.From 2012 to 2017,this combination technique was applied in an investigation to screen pesticide residues from 1384 sampling locations for 38138 batched samples covering 18 categories and 134 types of fruits and vegetables obtained from across the mainland of China.After statistical analysis,533 pesticides in 115891 determinations were detected,and the regularity of pesticides in the fruits and vegetables sold on the Chinese market was shown.展开更多
China is a big producer and exporter of fruits and vegetables,and pesticide residues are an important factor affecting the quality and safety of fruits and vegetables and their export trade.In this paper,we analyzed t...China is a big producer and exporter of fruits and vegetables,and pesticide residues are an important factor affecting the quality and safety of fruits and vegetables and their export trade.In this paper,we analyzed the pesticide residue data on fruits and vegetables in 32 major Chinese cities between 2012—2019,the export data of Chinese fruits and vegetables and the role of pesticides in foodborne diseases.The results showed that pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables(PRFV)partial excess of maximum residue standard(MRL)and residues of banned pesticide were still widespread in China.By comparing the standards of pesticide residues in the European Union and China and addressing the agricultural situation in China,this paper analyzed the main causes of PRFV in China and put forward some policy suggestions for strengthening government regulation of pesticide application in agricultural products.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to study regularity of pesticide residues in vegetables produced in Inner Mongolia.[Method]Mathematical statistic analysis was carried out on 6 800 samples of veggies,fruits,leguminous vegetab...[Objective]The paper was to study regularity of pesticide residues in vegetables produced in Inner Mongolia.[Method]Mathematical statistic analysis was carried out on 6 800 samples of veggies,fruits,leguminous vegetables,nuts and seeds produced in Inner Mongolia.[Result]The dominated vegetables in Inner Mongolia were green leafy vegetables,solanaceous vegetables and melon vegetables,and their yields accounted for 70%of the total vegetables production.Since 2003,with the rapid increase of detected vegetable numbers,the status of vegetable quality safety had entered into a new stage of sustainable steady after a rapid decline or periodic fluctuation,and the differences in safety levels were obvious,of which the range of exceeding standard rate of pesticide residues in solanaceous vegetables,melon vegetables and leguminous vegetables(about 55%of the total vegetables)was under 2%,with average values of 1.1%,1.6%and 3.1%,respectively.They belonged to stable type.The exceeding standard rate of pesticide residues in green leafy vegetables and Chinese cabbage group(about 30%of total vegetables)presented a decreasing trend year by year,wondering in the range of 7%-10%.They belonged to main risk type.The time period of exceeding standard of pesticide residues in root vegetables and cole vegetables was under predictable,and its exceeding standard rate in some years was over 5%(amplitude variation is over 15percentage points).They belonged to random risk type.The kinds of pesticides,which exceeding standard rate in vegetables were relatively intensive,presented variance in different vegetable species.70%of the pesticides belonged to intermittent over-limits and the probability was below 5%.About 20%tradition pesticides often exceeded standard and their probabilities were over 30%.The exceeding standard of organophosphorus and carbamates pesticides in vegetables presented a decreasing tend,while the risk of some new pesticides containing nitrogen element and high effective pyrethroids showed an increasing tendency.[Conclusion]The paper provided decision making services for agricultural management departments.展开更多
Dielectric barrier corona discharge was developed to generate low-temperature plasma(LTP) to treat apple and spinach samples contaminated with omethoate. Experimental results showed that,after 20 min exposure, the deg...Dielectric barrier corona discharge was developed to generate low-temperature plasma(LTP) to treat apple and spinach samples contaminated with omethoate. Experimental results showed that,after 20 min exposure, the degradation rate of omethoate residue in apple and spinach was(94.55± 0.01)% and(95.55 ± 0.01)%, respectively. When the treatment time was shorter than 20 min,the contents of moisture, vitamin C and beta-carotene were not affected by LTP. Exploration of related mechanisms suggested that LTP might destroy unsaturated double bonds of omethoate and produce phosphate ion, eventually leading to omethoate destruction. It is concluded that appropriate dosage of LTP can effectively degrade omethoate residue in fruits and vegetables without affecting their quality.展开更多
A study on the use of pesticides in market-gardening production was carried out on 108 market-gardeners in the rural city of Tori-Bossito in Southern Benin. The objective of the study was to characterize the potential...A study on the use of pesticides in market-gardening production was carried out on 108 market-gardeners in the rural city of Tori-Bossito in Southern Benin. The objective of the study was to characterize the potential risks of pesticides usage by farmers and the impacts on their health and on the environment. Two risk indexes were calculated for each pesticide: an environmental risk index (ERI) and a health risk index (HRI). First stage larva of the mosquito Aedes aegypti were used as bio-indicator for detecting insecticide residue in vegetable before their harvesting on the farms. The highest ERI were obtained for carbofuran, chlorpyriphos ethyl and endosulfan. Pesticide residues were found in 42% of the samples of leaves of eggplant, cucumber, amaranth and solanum. Vegetables growers used pesticides that may be highly hazardous and which were not registered in most cases. These situations could have unexpected consequences including the exposure of consumers to health hazards.展开更多
Background: This study evaluates the quantitative assessment of persistent organochorine pesticide (OCPs) residues in vegetables (Senecio biafrae) from four selected cocoa plantations in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Methods:...Background: This study evaluates the quantitative assessment of persistent organochorine pesticide (OCPs) residues in vegetables (Senecio biafrae) from four selected cocoa plantations in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Methods: The pesticides were extracted from the vegetable samples by using USEPA 3500C method and later clean-up on activated silica gel. The pesticides residues in the samples were determined using Gas Chromatography coupled with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). Results: The results showed that the analyzed samples were contaminated with ten OCPs. The mean OCPs concentration ranged from ND—0.399 mg/kg to ND—0.379 mg/kg during the wet and dry seasons respectively. α-BHC, β-BHC, p, p’-DDE, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan sulphate and methoxychlor were not detected in the samples. Pesticides such as aldrin, endosulfan II, endrin aldehyde and heptachlor slightly exceeded their maximum residue limit. Conclusion: The hazard indices (HI) of heptachlor, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, aldrin, heptachlor-epoxide and p, p’-DDT exceeded 1 and thus pose likely potential non-carcinogenic health risk.展开更多
A market based survey was carried out to evaluate the level of 26 pesticides in some commonly used fruits in Hyderabad region, Pakistan. Gas chromatography coupled with micro electron capture detector was used to asse...A market based survey was carried out to evaluate the level of 26 pesticides in some commonly used fruits in Hyderabad region, Pakistan. Gas chromatography coupled with micro electron capture detector was used to assess the levels of pesticide residues. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was also applied for the confirmation of results. Out of total 131 analyzed samples, 53 (40%) were found contaminated with pesticide residues while only 3 (2%) samples were exceeded the MRLs of some pesticides. Chlorpyrifos and dieldrin were detected in almost all analyzed samples. Residues of chlorpyrifos (1256 μg/kg) and endosulfan sulfate (1236 μg/kg) were found higher in orange and apple samples, respectively. The findings of this study provided important data about contamination of pesticide residue in some fruits sold in Hyderabad, Pakistan, and recommended that monitoring studies should be expanded to other fruits grown in different agro climatic regions, which may serve as basis for future policy about the standards and quality control of pesticides.展开更多
Based on the chemical properties of dithiocarbamate pesticides,a device for rapid detection was developed in the paper,and the experimental conditions were optimized. Dithiocarbamate residues in fruits were successful...Based on the chemical properties of dithiocarbamate pesticides,a device for rapid detection was developed in the paper,and the experimental conditions were optimized. Dithiocarbamate residues in fruits were successfully detected using molecular absorption spectro-photometry,and the recovery rate was over 80%.The rapid detection method was simple to operate with low cost,and was conducive to application in basic level and enterprise laboratories.展开更多
Three green leafy vegetable samples of pumpkin leaves, spinach leaves, and sorrel leaves were collected from a farm in Akwanga and were tested for the presence of residues of organochlorine pesticides. The concentrati...Three green leafy vegetable samples of pumpkin leaves, spinach leaves, and sorrel leaves were collected from a farm in Akwanga and were tested for the presence of residues of organochlorine pesticides. The concentrations of all the pesticide residues in the vegetable samples were determined using GC/MS. Among the organochlorine pesticide p,p’-DDT was detected in pumpkin (0.75 mg/kg), spinach (0.319 mg/kg) and sorrel (0.219 mg/kg). θ-BHC and γ-BHC were detected only in pumpkin leaves (0.359 mg/kg and 0.647 mg/kg respectively). Dieldrin was detected in spinach and sorrel (0.124 mg/kg and 0.053 mg/kg respectively). Endrin was detected in pumpkin (0.732 mg/kg) and Aldrin in sorrel (0.095 mg/kg). All these values were above the maximum residue limit (MRL) value of the pesticides. Endosulfan II was detected in sorrel (0.306 mg/kg) below the MRL. The levels of most of the pesticide residues found in vegetables were above the maximum residue limits (MRLs) that call for laws to regulate the use and circulation of such chemicals. Routine monitoring of pesticide residues in this study area is necessary for the prevention, control and reduction of environmental pollution, to minimize health risks.展开更多
[Objectives]To understand the quality safety of vegetables produced in vegetable planting bases around Lhasa City.[Methods]Four vegetable planting bases in the east,west,south,and north of Lhasa City were randomly sel...[Objectives]To understand the quality safety of vegetables produced in vegetable planting bases around Lhasa City.[Methods]Four vegetable planting bases in the east,west,south,and north of Lhasa City were randomly selected for testing using rapid measuring instrument for agricultural residues and solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,with 120 vegetable samples selected.The testing samples included seven categories:green leafy vegetables,eggplants,melons,onions and garlic,root vegetables,beans,and fungi,totaling 29 types of vegetables.The samples were tested for 8 common prohibited and restricted pesticides in organic phosphorus and carbamate esters,including methamidophos,parathion,methyl parathion,monocrotophos,isocarbophos,methamidophos,aldicarb,and carbofuran.[Results]The pesticide inhibition rate of 6 kinds of vegetables detected by the rapid measuring instrument for agricultural residues was relatively high,with green leafy vegetables being the majority,reaching over 25%.By further establishing a solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method,the accuracy of the data was verified experimentally.The experimental results indicated that the inhibition rate of vegetable samples in this experiment did not exceed 15%,and it was determined as a pollution-free vegetable.[Conclusions]According to the restriction standard of national pesticide use,the inhibition rate of vegetable samples was less than or equal to 40%,indicating that the quality of vegetables was qualified.展开更多
目的:基于QuEChERS方法结合气相色谱串联质谱(Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS/MS)技术,建立一种简单、快速检测果蔬中农药残留的方法。方法:果蔬样品匀浆后,先用乙腈和乙酸缓冲盐包提取,再用m-PFC小柱净化,最后用GC...目的:基于QuEChERS方法结合气相色谱串联质谱(Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS/MS)技术,建立一种简单、快速检测果蔬中农药残留的方法。方法:果蔬样品匀浆后,先用乙腈和乙酸缓冲盐包提取,再用m-PFC小柱净化,最后用GC-MS/MS测定,外标法定量。结果:13种农药在10~500μg·L^(-1)浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R^(2))均大于0.994,检出限为0.35~0.92μg·kg^(-1),定量限为1.0~2.8μg·kg^(-1);13种农药在3个水平下的加标回收率为82.4%~110.1%,相对标准偏差为2.9%~9.3%。结论:所建立的方法可操作性强,具有较高的精密度和准确度,可用于果蔬中农药残留的定性和定量检测。展开更多
文摘A study was carried out in the laboratories of the National Center for Pesticides Control/State Board for Plant Protection / Ministry of Agriculture in 2010-2011. The aim was to determine the residues of some pesticides in fruits and vegetables imported to Iraq from neighboring countries (Jordan, Syria, Turkey and Iran). Two types of fruits (apples and oranges) and two types of vegetables (tomatoes and cucumber) were selected for the purpose of this study. These fruits and vegetables are the most agricultural products imported for human consumption in Iraq. Samples were taken from different border points and from local markets. Extraction, clean up and analysis were then processed. The results indicated the presence of small amounts of residues of certain pesticides such as Deltamethrin and Abamectin and Thiamethoxam in some samples. However, these amounts were less than the limit allowed internationally. No indication was observed for the presence of other pesticides residues such as Bifenthrin Trticonazol and Imidacloprid ... etc. in the samples analyzed. Therefore, there is a need to continuity of inspection on pesticides residues in agricultural products imported to Iraq in order to prevent the entry of contaminating materials and secure human safety.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1603400)Special Technical Support Project of State Administration for Market Regulation(2019YJ009).
文摘A new method for screening and identification 420 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)were developed.The samples were extracted with acetonitrile/acetic acid(99:1,V/V),and clean-up by SinChERS-Nano(single-step,cheap,effective,rugged,safe,nano)column,determined by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS.The accurate mass database and MS/MS database which contains 420 pesticides were established,the automatic retrieval of detection results was carried on according to the accurate mass,retention time,isotope ratio,ion fragment information,and so on.Method verification was performed on leeks samples.The results showed that 420 pesticides had good linearity in the range of 0.1-100μg/L,and the correlation coeffificients(R2)was greater than 0.990.The limits of detections(LODs)and limits of quantifications(LOQs)of 420 pesticides were in range of 0.05-2.0 and 0.1-5.0μg/L,respectively.The average spike recoveries at 3 levels were 70.1%to 119.7%,and the relative standard deviations(RSD)were lower than 20%(n=6).With this method,a survey of pesticide residues was conducted for 110 samples of 10 different fruits and vegetables,which provided scientific data for ensuring pesticide residue safety of the fruits and vegetables consumed daily by the public.This method was simple,sensitive and accurate,and could be used for rapid screening of 420 pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables.
基金financial support of the National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2012BAD29B01)the Key Basic Research Program(2015FY111200)of the Ministry of Science and Technology,China.
文摘In this paper,we report the construction of two accurate mass databases and the development of a combination detection method that simultaneously screens for 733 pesticide and chemical contaminant multi-residues via high-throughput liquid chromatography(LC)-and gas chromatography(GC)-quadru pole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(Q-TOFMS).This work demonstrates that electronic mass spectral standards may replace chemical-source standard materials as references through one sample preparation and the combination of GC/LC-Q-TOFMS screening.This cutting-edge technique has also replaced multiresidue determination using targeted detection with non-targeted screening.The pesticide residue types,sensitivity,recovery,and reproducibility of this combination technique are evaluated in eight fruit and vegetable matrices.This technique shows three advantages:①In comparison with the discovery capability of a single technique,the combination technique shows an improvement of 51.1%(GC-QTOFMS)and 39.6%(LC-Q-TOFMS),respectively;②the combination technique can satisfy a screening limit lower than 10μg·kg^-1 and meet the requirements of“uniform standards,”although some of the pesticide residues could be optimized to further improve screening sensitivity;③over 488 pesticides with recoveries between 60%-120%and relative standard deviation(RSD)<20%at a spiked level of 10μg·kg^-1 were detected with the combination technique in eight different matrices.From 2012 to 2017,this combination technique was applied in an investigation to screen pesticide residues from 1384 sampling locations for 38138 batched samples covering 18 categories and 134 types of fruits and vegetables obtained from across the mainland of China.After statistical analysis,533 pesticides in 115891 determinations were detected,and the regularity of pesticides in the fruits and vegetables sold on the Chinese market was shown.
文摘China is a big producer and exporter of fruits and vegetables,and pesticide residues are an important factor affecting the quality and safety of fruits and vegetables and their export trade.In this paper,we analyzed the pesticide residue data on fruits and vegetables in 32 major Chinese cities between 2012—2019,the export data of Chinese fruits and vegetables and the role of pesticides in foodborne diseases.The results showed that pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables(PRFV)partial excess of maximum residue standard(MRL)and residues of banned pesticide were still widespread in China.By comparing the standards of pesticide residues in the European Union and China and addressing the agricultural situation in China,this paper analyzed the main causes of PRFV in China and put forward some policy suggestions for strengthening government regulation of pesticide application in agricultural products.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Inner Mongolia(2011CXJJN01)Science and Technology Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(20120438)
文摘[Objective]The paper was to study regularity of pesticide residues in vegetables produced in Inner Mongolia.[Method]Mathematical statistic analysis was carried out on 6 800 samples of veggies,fruits,leguminous vegetables,nuts and seeds produced in Inner Mongolia.[Result]The dominated vegetables in Inner Mongolia were green leafy vegetables,solanaceous vegetables and melon vegetables,and their yields accounted for 70%of the total vegetables production.Since 2003,with the rapid increase of detected vegetable numbers,the status of vegetable quality safety had entered into a new stage of sustainable steady after a rapid decline or periodic fluctuation,and the differences in safety levels were obvious,of which the range of exceeding standard rate of pesticide residues in solanaceous vegetables,melon vegetables and leguminous vegetables(about 55%of the total vegetables)was under 2%,with average values of 1.1%,1.6%and 3.1%,respectively.They belonged to stable type.The exceeding standard rate of pesticide residues in green leafy vegetables and Chinese cabbage group(about 30%of total vegetables)presented a decreasing trend year by year,wondering in the range of 7%-10%.They belonged to main risk type.The time period of exceeding standard of pesticide residues in root vegetables and cole vegetables was under predictable,and its exceeding standard rate in some years was over 5%(amplitude variation is over 15percentage points).They belonged to random risk type.The kinds of pesticides,which exceeding standard rate in vegetables were relatively intensive,presented variance in different vegetable species.70%of the pesticides belonged to intermittent over-limits and the probability was below 5%.About 20%tradition pesticides often exceeded standard and their probabilities were over 30%.The exceeding standard of organophosphorus and carbamates pesticides in vegetables presented a decreasing tend,while the risk of some new pesticides containing nitrogen element and high effective pyrethroids showed an increasing tendency.[Conclusion]The paper provided decision making services for agricultural management departments.
基金supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 81372076, 51677146, 51607003 and 51521065the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No. xkjc2013004
文摘Dielectric barrier corona discharge was developed to generate low-temperature plasma(LTP) to treat apple and spinach samples contaminated with omethoate. Experimental results showed that,after 20 min exposure, the degradation rate of omethoate residue in apple and spinach was(94.55± 0.01)% and(95.55 ± 0.01)%, respectively. When the treatment time was shorter than 20 min,the contents of moisture, vitamin C and beta-carotene were not affected by LTP. Exploration of related mechanisms suggested that LTP might destroy unsaturated double bonds of omethoate and produce phosphate ion, eventually leading to omethoate destruction. It is concluded that appropriate dosage of LTP can effectively degrade omethoate residue in fruits and vegetables without affecting their quality.
文摘A study on the use of pesticides in market-gardening production was carried out on 108 market-gardeners in the rural city of Tori-Bossito in Southern Benin. The objective of the study was to characterize the potential risks of pesticides usage by farmers and the impacts on their health and on the environment. Two risk indexes were calculated for each pesticide: an environmental risk index (ERI) and a health risk index (HRI). First stage larva of the mosquito Aedes aegypti were used as bio-indicator for detecting insecticide residue in vegetable before their harvesting on the farms. The highest ERI were obtained for carbofuran, chlorpyriphos ethyl and endosulfan. Pesticide residues were found in 42% of the samples of leaves of eggplant, cucumber, amaranth and solanum. Vegetables growers used pesticides that may be highly hazardous and which were not registered in most cases. These situations could have unexpected consequences including the exposure of consumers to health hazards.
文摘Background: This study evaluates the quantitative assessment of persistent organochorine pesticide (OCPs) residues in vegetables (Senecio biafrae) from four selected cocoa plantations in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Methods: The pesticides were extracted from the vegetable samples by using USEPA 3500C method and later clean-up on activated silica gel. The pesticides residues in the samples were determined using Gas Chromatography coupled with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). Results: The results showed that the analyzed samples were contaminated with ten OCPs. The mean OCPs concentration ranged from ND—0.399 mg/kg to ND—0.379 mg/kg during the wet and dry seasons respectively. α-BHC, β-BHC, p, p’-DDE, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan sulphate and methoxychlor were not detected in the samples. Pesticides such as aldrin, endosulfan II, endrin aldehyde and heptachlor slightly exceeded their maximum residue limit. Conclusion: The hazard indices (HI) of heptachlor, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, aldrin, heptachlor-epoxide and p, p’-DDT exceeded 1 and thus pose likely potential non-carcinogenic health risk.
文摘A market based survey was carried out to evaluate the level of 26 pesticides in some commonly used fruits in Hyderabad region, Pakistan. Gas chromatography coupled with micro electron capture detector was used to assess the levels of pesticide residues. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was also applied for the confirmation of results. Out of total 131 analyzed samples, 53 (40%) were found contaminated with pesticide residues while only 3 (2%) samples were exceeded the MRLs of some pesticides. Chlorpyrifos and dieldrin were detected in almost all analyzed samples. Residues of chlorpyrifos (1256 μg/kg) and endosulfan sulfate (1236 μg/kg) were found higher in orange and apple samples, respectively. The findings of this study provided important data about contamination of pesticide residue in some fruits sold in Hyderabad, Pakistan, and recommended that monitoring studies should be expanded to other fruits grown in different agro climatic regions, which may serve as basis for future policy about the standards and quality control of pesticides.
基金Supported by Class-A Projects of Fujian Department of Education(JA12465)Science and Technology Program of Xiamen City(3502Z20123046)
文摘Based on the chemical properties of dithiocarbamate pesticides,a device for rapid detection was developed in the paper,and the experimental conditions were optimized. Dithiocarbamate residues in fruits were successfully detected using molecular absorption spectro-photometry,and the recovery rate was over 80%.The rapid detection method was simple to operate with low cost,and was conducive to application in basic level and enterprise laboratories.
文摘Three green leafy vegetable samples of pumpkin leaves, spinach leaves, and sorrel leaves were collected from a farm in Akwanga and were tested for the presence of residues of organochlorine pesticides. The concentrations of all the pesticide residues in the vegetable samples were determined using GC/MS. Among the organochlorine pesticide p,p’-DDT was detected in pumpkin (0.75 mg/kg), spinach (0.319 mg/kg) and sorrel (0.219 mg/kg). θ-BHC and γ-BHC were detected only in pumpkin leaves (0.359 mg/kg and 0.647 mg/kg respectively). Dieldrin was detected in spinach and sorrel (0.124 mg/kg and 0.053 mg/kg respectively). Endrin was detected in pumpkin (0.732 mg/kg) and Aldrin in sorrel (0.095 mg/kg). All these values were above the maximum residue limit (MRL) value of the pesticides. Endosulfan II was detected in sorrel (0.306 mg/kg) below the MRL. The levels of most of the pesticide residues found in vegetables were above the maximum residue limits (MRLs) that call for laws to regulate the use and circulation of such chemicals. Routine monitoring of pesticide residues in this study area is necessary for the prevention, control and reduction of environmental pollution, to minimize health risks.
基金Supported by Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Tibet University(S202210694005).
文摘[Objectives]To understand the quality safety of vegetables produced in vegetable planting bases around Lhasa City.[Methods]Four vegetable planting bases in the east,west,south,and north of Lhasa City were randomly selected for testing using rapid measuring instrument for agricultural residues and solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometer,with 120 vegetable samples selected.The testing samples included seven categories:green leafy vegetables,eggplants,melons,onions and garlic,root vegetables,beans,and fungi,totaling 29 types of vegetables.The samples were tested for 8 common prohibited and restricted pesticides in organic phosphorus and carbamate esters,including methamidophos,parathion,methyl parathion,monocrotophos,isocarbophos,methamidophos,aldicarb,and carbofuran.[Results]The pesticide inhibition rate of 6 kinds of vegetables detected by the rapid measuring instrument for agricultural residues was relatively high,with green leafy vegetables being the majority,reaching over 25%.By further establishing a solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method,the accuracy of the data was verified experimentally.The experimental results indicated that the inhibition rate of vegetable samples in this experiment did not exceed 15%,and it was determined as a pollution-free vegetable.[Conclusions]According to the restriction standard of national pesticide use,the inhibition rate of vegetable samples was less than or equal to 40%,indicating that the quality of vegetables was qualified.
文摘目的:基于QuEChERS方法结合气相色谱串联质谱(Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry,GC-MS/MS)技术,建立一种简单、快速检测果蔬中农药残留的方法。方法:果蔬样品匀浆后,先用乙腈和乙酸缓冲盐包提取,再用m-PFC小柱净化,最后用GC-MS/MS测定,外标法定量。结果:13种农药在10~500μg·L^(-1)浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(R^(2))均大于0.994,检出限为0.35~0.92μg·kg^(-1),定量限为1.0~2.8μg·kg^(-1);13种农药在3个水平下的加标回收率为82.4%~110.1%,相对标准偏差为2.9%~9.3%。结论:所建立的方法可操作性强,具有较高的精密度和准确度,可用于果蔬中农药残留的定性和定量检测。