A three-dimensional finite element analysis of process-induced residual stress in resin transfer molding (RTM) process is presented. The finite element method (FEM) was employed to solve the coupled equations involved...A three-dimensional finite element analysis of process-induced residual stress in resin transfer molding (RTM) process is presented. The finite element method (FEM) was employed to solve the coupled equations involved in the transient heat transfer and the cure kinetics of the resin, and the distributions of internal temperature and cure degree of the composite at any instant time were obtained. The self-consistent field micro-mechanics model was used to predict the cure-dependent mechanical properties of the composites. Thermal expansion and cure shrinkage were included in the analysis. The thermo-elastic mechanical governing equations were solved using the incremental stress-strain relationship based FEM and the residual stress development was predicted. The present results were validated by the comparisons with the pertinent literature. The numerical example of a half cylinder was presented. The results show that it is necessary to carry out the three-dimensional analysis due to the complex distributions of temperatures, cure degrees and process-induced stress for thick parts, which can be predicted at any point within composite structures in the present analysis.展开更多
A new method to track resin flow fronts, referred to as the topological interpolated method (TIM), which is based onfilling states and topological relations of adjacent nodes was proposed. An experiment on the mould f...A new method to track resin flow fronts, referred to as the topological interpolated method (TIM), which is based onfilling states and topological relations of adjacent nodes was proposed. An experiment on the mould filling process wasconducted. It was compared with exact solutions and the experimental results, and good agreements were observed.Numerical and experimental comparisons with the conventional contour mathod were also carried out, and it showedthat TIM could enhance the local accuracy of flow front solutions with respect to the contour method when mergingflow fronts and resin approaching the mold wall were involved.展开更多
The rheological behavior of a low epoxy resin system-SR8100/SD8734 for RTM in aviation industry was studied with viscosity experiments. The dual-Arrhenius rheological model and the improved engineering viscosity model...The rheological behavior of a low epoxy resin system-SR8100/SD8734 for RTM in aviation industry was studied with viscosity experiments. The dual-Arrhenius rheological model and the improved engineering viscosity model were introduced and compared with the experimental data. The results indicated that the viscosity in the earlier stage calculated by dual-Arrhenius model matched the experimental data. As rising to 400 m.Pas, the viscosity calculated by the improved engineering model was closer to the experimental data. The processing windows of the resin system for RTM were determined by combining the two models, which could predict the theological behavior of the resin system in a more credible way. 30-45 ℃ was the optimum processing temperature.展开更多
A 3-D mathematical model considering turbulence phenomena has been established based on a computational fluid dynamics technique, so called 3-D SOLA-VOF (Solution Algorithm-Volume of Fluid), to simulate the fluid flow...A 3-D mathematical model considering turbulence phenomena has been established based on a computational fluid dynamics technique, so called 3-D SOLA-VOF (Solution Algorithm-Volume of Fluid), to simulate the fluid flow of mold filling process of die casting. In addition, the mathematical model for simulating the heat transfer in die casting process has also been established. The computation program has been developed by the authors with the finite difference method (FDM) recently. As verification, the mold filling process of a S-shaped die casting has been simulated and the simulation results coincide with that of the benchmark test. Finally, as a practical application, the gating design of a motorcycle component was modified by the mold filling simulation and the dies design of another motorcycle component was optimized by the heat transfer simulation. All the optimized designs were verified by the production practice.展开更多
The chemorheological behaviors of a low viscosity epoxy resin system （Huntsman 1564/3486） for vacuum infusion moulding process （VIMP） were studied with viscosity experiments.The dual-Arrhenius rheological model an...The chemorheological behaviors of a low viscosity epoxy resin system （Huntsman 1564/3486） for vacuum infusion moulding process （VIMP） were studied with viscosity experiments.The dual-Arrhenius rheological model and the engineering viscosity model were established and compared with the experimental data.The result showed that the viscosity in the earlier stage calculated by dual-Arrhenius model were smaller than the experimental data,while the data calculated by the engineering model were larger.Combining the two models together can predict the rheological behaviors of the resin system in a more credible manner.The processing windows of the resin system for VIMP were determined based on the two models.The optimum processing temperature is 30-45 ℃.展开更多
Tackified textile fiber preforms are used widely in resin transfer molding (RTM) to produce aerospace-grade composite parts. In the present study, a new tackifier was developed to improve RTM laminate performance. The...Tackified textile fiber preforms are used widely in resin transfer molding (RTM) to produce aerospace-grade composite parts. In the present study, a new tackifier was developed to improve RTM laminate performance. The influence of tackifier concentration on spring back, thermal properties and mechanical performance was studied .It has showed that the new tackifier was compatible with the matrix resin and improved the textile handling ability; the ILSS was slightly increased without decreasing of thermal properties, modulus and flexural strength.展开更多
在树脂传递模塑(Resin transfer molding,RTM)工艺中,边缘效应很容易导致制件产生空隙、干斑等缺陷,其根本原因是在纤维增强体和模具模腔之间的间隙区域树脂的流动阻力小,使得树脂在这一区域流动速度更快。基于达西定律并结合流体体积(V...在树脂传递模塑(Resin transfer molding,RTM)工艺中,边缘效应很容易导致制件产生空隙、干斑等缺陷,其根本原因是在纤维增强体和模具模腔之间的间隙区域树脂的流动阻力小,使得树脂在这一区域流动速度更快。基于达西定律并结合流体体积(Volume of Fluid,VOF)界面追踪方法建立了树脂在纤维增强体中的流动模型,开展RTM工艺边缘效应的数值模拟研究,模型可以准确模拟边缘效应的影响,同时研究树脂粘度及树脂注射压力等工艺参数对于流动时间的影响。研究结果可以对RTM工艺的改善优化提供帮助。展开更多
We present a numerical formulation for resin flow based on the concept of quasi-steady state situation at the flow front. To be fit for complicated product shapes,we use the four-node unstructured tetrahedron mesh bas...We present a numerical formulation for resin flow based on the concept of quasi-steady state situation at the flow front. To be fit for complicated product shapes,we use the four-node unstructured tetrahedron mesh based on which the numerical formulation of temperature and degree of cure is developed. The validity of our method is established in the case where ffexible meshes are used. The results show that the numerical procedure,tested on known data,provides numerically valid and reasonably accurate predictions.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10502016)Development Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in Harbin Institute of Technology(Grant No.HITQNJS.2006.020)
文摘A three-dimensional finite element analysis of process-induced residual stress in resin transfer molding (RTM) process is presented. The finite element method (FEM) was employed to solve the coupled equations involved in the transient heat transfer and the cure kinetics of the resin, and the distributions of internal temperature and cure degree of the composite at any instant time were obtained. The self-consistent field micro-mechanics model was used to predict the cure-dependent mechanical properties of the composites. Thermal expansion and cure shrinkage were included in the analysis. The thermo-elastic mechanical governing equations were solved using the incremental stress-strain relationship based FEM and the residual stress development was predicted. The present results were validated by the comparisons with the pertinent literature. The numerical example of a half cylinder was presented. The results show that it is necessary to carry out the three-dimensional analysis due to the complex distributions of temperatures, cure degrees and process-induced stress for thick parts, which can be predicted at any point within composite structures in the present analysis.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10372027).
文摘A new method to track resin flow fronts, referred to as the topological interpolated method (TIM), which is based onfilling states and topological relations of adjacent nodes was proposed. An experiment on the mould filling process wasconducted. It was compared with exact solutions and the experimental results, and good agreements were observed.Numerical and experimental comparisons with the conventional contour mathod were also carried out, and it showedthat TIM could enhance the local accuracy of flow front solutions with respect to the contour method when mergingflow fronts and resin approaching the mold wall were involved.
基金Funded by the Freedom Explore Program of Central South University(No.721500254)the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate(No.CX2012B052)
文摘The rheological behavior of a low epoxy resin system-SR8100/SD8734 for RTM in aviation industry was studied with viscosity experiments. The dual-Arrhenius rheological model and the improved engineering viscosity model were introduced and compared with the experimental data. The results indicated that the viscosity in the earlier stage calculated by dual-Arrhenius model matched the experimental data. As rising to 400 m.Pas, the viscosity calculated by the improved engineering model was closer to the experimental data. The processing windows of the resin system for RTM were determined by combining the two models, which could predict the theological behavior of the resin system in a more credible way. 30-45 ℃ was the optimum processing temperature.
文摘A 3-D mathematical model considering turbulence phenomena has been established based on a computational fluid dynamics technique, so called 3-D SOLA-VOF (Solution Algorithm-Volume of Fluid), to simulate the fluid flow of mold filling process of die casting. In addition, the mathematical model for simulating the heat transfer in die casting process has also been established. The computation program has been developed by the authors with the finite difference method (FDM) recently. As verification, the mold filling process of a S-shaped die casting has been simulated and the simulation results coincide with that of the benchmark test. Finally, as a practical application, the gating design of a motorcycle component was modified by the mold filling simulation and the dies design of another motorcycle component was optimized by the heat transfer simulation. All the optimized designs were verified by the production practice.
基金Supported by the 863 National Project of China (No.2007AA03Z563)the Specialized Project of the HUNAN Province of China(No.2006GK1002)
文摘The chemorheological behaviors of a low viscosity epoxy resin system （Huntsman 1564/3486） for vacuum infusion moulding process （VIMP） were studied with viscosity experiments.The dual-Arrhenius rheological model and the engineering viscosity model were established and compared with the experimental data.The result showed that the viscosity in the earlier stage calculated by dual-Arrhenius model were smaller than the experimental data,while the data calculated by the engineering model were larger.Combining the two models together can predict the rheological behaviors of the resin system in a more credible manner.The processing windows of the resin system for VIMP were determined based on the two models.The optimum processing temperature is 30-45 ℃.
文摘Tackified textile fiber preforms are used widely in resin transfer molding (RTM) to produce aerospace-grade composite parts. In the present study, a new tackifier was developed to improve RTM laminate performance. The influence of tackifier concentration on spring back, thermal properties and mechanical performance was studied .It has showed that the new tackifier was compatible with the matrix resin and improved the textile handling ability; the ILSS was slightly increased without decreasing of thermal properties, modulus and flexural strength.
文摘在树脂传递模塑(Resin transfer molding,RTM)工艺中,边缘效应很容易导致制件产生空隙、干斑等缺陷,其根本原因是在纤维增强体和模具模腔之间的间隙区域树脂的流动阻力小,使得树脂在这一区域流动速度更快。基于达西定律并结合流体体积(Volume of Fluid,VOF)界面追踪方法建立了树脂在纤维增强体中的流动模型,开展RTM工艺边缘效应的数值模拟研究,模型可以准确模拟边缘效应的影响,同时研究树脂粘度及树脂注射压力等工艺参数对于流动时间的影响。研究结果可以对RTM工艺的改善优化提供帮助。
文摘We present a numerical formulation for resin flow based on the concept of quasi-steady state situation at the flow front. To be fit for complicated product shapes,we use the four-node unstructured tetrahedron mesh based on which the numerical formulation of temperature and degree of cure is developed. The validity of our method is established in the case where ffexible meshes are used. The results show that the numerical procedure,tested on known data,provides numerically valid and reasonably accurate predictions.
