Experimental Research of Resistance on Deep Sea Buoys and Mooring Systems

-In this paper a series of model experiments of resistance on buoys and mooring system components are described. The experiments include: experiments of hydrodynamic resistance on buoys and mooring system components, and experiment of air resistance on buoys in wind tunnel. The results are compared with the Beto's results (1980) and some analyses are conducted. The experimental results provide a reliable basis and some parameters for the design of deep sea mooring systems.

Effects of simulated submerged and rigid vegetation and grain roughness on hydraulic resistance to simulated overland flow

Better understanding of the role of vegetation and soil on hydraulic resistance of overland flow requires quantitative partition of their interaction. In this paper, a total of 144 hydraulic flume experiments were carried out to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of overland flow. Results show that hydraulic resistance is negatively correlated with Reynolds number on non-simulated vegetated slopes, while positively on vegetated slopes. The law of composite resistance agrees with the dominant resistance, depending on simulated vegetation stem,surface roughness, and discharge. Surface roughness has greater influence on overland flow resistance than vegetation stem when unit discharge is lower than the low-limited critical discharge, while vegetation has a more obvious influence when unit discharge is higher than the upper-limited critical discharge. Combined effects of simulated vegetation and surface roughness are unequal to the sum of the individual effects through t-test, implying the limitation of using linear superposition principle in calculating overland flow resistances under combined effect of roughness elements.

EFFECT OF DRUG-RESISTANCE REVERSORS ON EXPRESSIONS OF ONCOGENES OR TUMOR SUPPRESSOR ONCOGENES OF HUMAN TUMOR CELL LINES

MIT method was applied to assay the cytotoxicityof three reversors, verapamil (VER), dipyridamole (DPM)and cyclosporin (CSA) in K562, K562/ADM and KB celllines. S-P immunocytochemical technique was applied todetect cxpressions of oncoproteins or tumor suppressoroncoproteins in these tumor cell lines before or aftertreatment with these reversors. Results showed that threereversors were capable of inhibiting to a certain extentgrowth of K562 or KB cell lines and reversing greatlyadriamycin (ADM)-resistance in K562/ADM cell line.DPM and CsA were observed to inhibit, partly or wholly,expressions of p53, p16, bcl-2, p21 or cerbB-2oncoproteins. VER showed whole inhibition ofexpressions of P53, p16, p21 and bcl-2 and partlyexpression of p53 oncoprotein in K562 cell line. Theseresults suggest that growth inhibition in K562 or KB celllines by the reversors may be associated with partial orwhole inhibition or expressions of p53, p16, p21 or c-erbB-2 oncoproteins. Inhibitions of expressions p53, p16,p21 oncoproteins by VER but not DPM or CsA, may berespossible for reversing activity of VER for ADM-resistance in K562/ADM cell line.

Calculated and Experimental Research of Sheet Resistances of Laser-Doped Silicon Solar Cells

The calculated and experimental research of sheet resistances of crystalline silicon solar cells by dry laser doping is investigated. The nonlinear numerical model on laser melting of crystalline silicon and liquid-phase diffusion of phosphorus atoms by dry laser doping is analyzed by the finite difference method implemented in MATLAB. The melting period and melting depth of crystalline silicon as a function of laser energy density is achieved. The effective liquid-phase diffusion of phosphorus atoms in melting silicon by dry laser doping is confirmed by the rapid decrease of sheet resistances in experimental measurement. The plateau of sheet resistances is reached at around 15 Ω/. The calculated sheet resistances as a function of laser energy density is obtained and the calculated results are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental measurement. Due to the successful verification by comparison between experimental measurement and calculated results, the simulation results could be used to optimize the virtual laser doping parameters.

A new ecological control method for Pisha sandstone based on hydrophilic polyurethane

The Pisha sandstone-coverd area is among the regions that suffer from the most severe water loss and soil erosion in China and is the main source of coarse sand for the Yellow River. This study demonstrated a new erosion control method using W-OH solution, a type of hydrophilic polyurethane, to prevent the Pisha sandstone from water erosion. We evaluated the comprehensive effects of W-OH on water erosion resistance and vegetation-growth promotion through simulated scouring tests and field demonstrations on the Ordos Plateau of China. The results of simulated scouring tests show that the water erosion resistance of W-OH treated area was excellent and the cumulative sediment yield reduction reached more than 99%. In the field demonstrations, the vegetation coverage reached approximately 95% in the consolidation-green area, and there was almost no shallow trenches on the entire slope in the treated area. In comparison, the control area experienced severe erosion with deep erosion gullies appeared on the slope and the vegetation coverage was less than 30%. This study illustrated that W-OH treatment can protect the Pisha sandstone from erosion and provide the vegetation seeds a chance to grow. Once the vegetation matured, the effects of consolidation-growth mutual promotion can efficiently and effectively improve the water erosion resistance and ecological restoration.

Some results of modeling D-D seismogenic pattern by the fracture model experiment of large-scale rock samples(I)

sing the natural limestone samples taken from the field with dimension of 500 mm×500 mm×1 000 mm, the D-D (dilatancy-diffusion) seismogeny pattern was modeled under the condition of water injection, which observes the time-space evolutionary features about the relative physics fields of the loaded samples from deformation, formation of microcracks to the occurrence of main rupture. The results of observed apparent resistivity show: ① The process of the deformation from microcrack to main rupture on the loaded rock sample could be characterized by the precursory spatial-temporal changes in the observation of apparent resistivity; ② The precursory temporal changes of observation in apparent resistivity could be divided into several stages, and its spatial distribution shows the difference in different parts of the rock sample; ③ Before the main rupture of the rock sample the obvious ″tendency anomaly′ and ′short-term anomaly″ were observed, and some of them could be likely considered as the ″impending earthquake ″anomaly precursor of apparent resistivity. The changes and distribution features of apparent resistivity show that they are intrinsically related to the dilatancy phenomenon of the loaded rock sample. Finally, this paper discusses the mechanism of resistivity change of loaded rock sample theoretically.