Insulin resistance and dysregulated lipid meta- bolism are major causes of type 2 diabetes. Insulin and inflam- matory signal pathways play key roles in insulin resistance and fat accumulation. Specifically, adapter p...Insulin resistance and dysregulated lipid meta- bolism are major causes of type 2 diabetes. Insulin and inflam- matory signal pathways play key roles in insulin resistance and fat accumulation. Specifically, adapter proteins transduce sig- nals from insulin or cytokine receptors to the downstream pathways and may contribute to insulin resistance and disor- dered lipid metabolism in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Here, the recent advances in understanding the roles of adapter proteins in insulin resistance and lipid homeostasis are discussed.展开更多
“Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease” is the alarming health risk around the world today. Nearly 1/3 of the world’s population is affected by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Many scientists put forward two hit hyp...“Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease” is the alarming health risk around the world today. Nearly 1/3 of the world’s population is affected by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Many scientists put forward two hit hypotheses to explain the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. With the aid of trials using Biopsy, ultrasound scan and molecular techniques, scientists explained an authentic evidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression is ultimately because of obesity and its commodities, such as Cardio vascular diseases, Diabetes and Metabolic syndrome. This review mainly focuses on how obesity leads to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on statistical analysis of different research studies conducted by the research scientists. In the analysis of 1980-2003, out of 505 individuals, 305 were affected with NAFLD and among them, 64.3% were obese. In the analysis of the period of 1996-2002, out of 550 NAFLD patients, 70.36% were obese. Also in the analysis of 2010-2015 period of time, mostly 90% of the NAFLD patients were obese. It was also revealed that, along with NAFLD and obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia also exist as the commodities of obesity. Attention of medical field is towards the treatment and analysis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease which is expected to be the reason of liver transplant by 2020.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the protective effects of Chinese medicine formulation Chaihu Shugan San（柴胡疏肝散, CHSGS） on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD） in rats with insulin resistance（IR） and its molec...Objective： To investigate the protective effects of Chinese medicine formulation Chaihu Shugan San（柴胡疏肝散, CHSGS） on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD） in rats with insulin resistance（IR） and its molecular mechanisms. Methods： Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups： the control group, the model group, Dongbao Gantai group（东宝肝泰, DBGT, 0.09 g methionine/kg）, CHSGS high-dose group（CHSG-H, 12.6 g crude drug/kg）, CHSGS medium-dose group（CHSG-M, 6.3 g crude drug/kg）, and CHSGS low-dose group（CHSG-L, 3.15 g crude drug/kg）. After establishing the NAFLD rat model and treatment for 8 weeks, total cholesterol（TC）, triglyceride（TG）, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）, free fatty acid（FFA）, fasting blood glucose（FBG）, fasting insulin（FINS） contents in blood serum, and TC, TG contents in the hepatic homogenate were measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer, and a homeostasis model assessment was applied to assess the status of IR, insulin sensitivity index（ISI）, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin secretion（HOMA-IS）. The expression levels of adiponectin and leptin mRNA in liver tissue were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Pathological changes of livers were observed by hematoxylineosin staining of paraffin section. Results： Compared with the model group, the serum levels of TC, TG, FFA, FBG, FINS, IRI, ISI, and the liver levels of TC and TG in CHSG-H, CHSG-M, CHSG-L groups showed significant declines（P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）; the serum levels of HDL-C, HOMA-IS were significantly increased（P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）; the expression of leptin mRNA was dramatically decreased and the expression of adiponectin mRNA was increased in the hepatic tissue（P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. The fatty deposition of liver cells could also be alleviated. Conclusion： CHSGS could up-regulate the expression of adiponectin mRNA and down-regulate the expression of leptin mRNA on the liver, suggesting the CHSGS had positive therapeutic effect on NAFLD in rats with IR.展开更多
基金Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Changbai Mountain Scholars Program of Jilin Province 2013046 （to Z. C.）, the Jilin Talent Development Foundation 111860000 （to Z. C.）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant 31500957 （to Z. C.）, and the startup funds from Northeast Normal University 120401204 （to Z. C.）. I thank Dr. Mark J. Canet （University of Michigan） for editing this manuscript. I also thank lab members （Xinzhi Li, Wangshu Qin, Linna Jia, Sha Li, Xiaomeng Ren, Xue Dong, and Jiana Liu） at Northeast Normal University for helpful discussion. I apologize to colleagues whose relevant work could not be cited here due to space limitation.
文摘Insulin resistance and dysregulated lipid meta- bolism are major causes of type 2 diabetes. Insulin and inflam- matory signal pathways play key roles in insulin resistance and fat accumulation. Specifically, adapter proteins transduce sig- nals from insulin or cytokine receptors to the downstream pathways and may contribute to insulin resistance and disor- dered lipid metabolism in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Here, the recent advances in understanding the roles of adapter proteins in insulin resistance and lipid homeostasis are discussed.
文摘“Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease” is the alarming health risk around the world today. Nearly 1/3 of the world’s population is affected by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Many scientists put forward two hit hypotheses to explain the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. With the aid of trials using Biopsy, ultrasound scan and molecular techniques, scientists explained an authentic evidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression is ultimately because of obesity and its commodities, such as Cardio vascular diseases, Diabetes and Metabolic syndrome. This review mainly focuses on how obesity leads to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on statistical analysis of different research studies conducted by the research scientists. In the analysis of 1980-2003, out of 505 individuals, 305 were affected with NAFLD and among them, 64.3% were obese. In the analysis of the period of 1996-2002, out of 550 NAFLD patients, 70.36% were obese. Also in the analysis of 2010-2015 period of time, mostly 90% of the NAFLD patients were obese. It was also revealed that, along with NAFLD and obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia also exist as the commodities of obesity. Attention of medical field is towards the treatment and analysis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease which is expected to be the reason of liver transplant by 2020.
基金Suppport by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30973913)the Science Foundation of Science and Technology Bureau of Guangdong(No.2008A030101005)
文摘Objective： To investigate the protective effects of Chinese medicine formulation Chaihu Shugan San（柴胡疏肝散, CHSGS） on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease（NAFLD） in rats with insulin resistance（IR） and its molecular mechanisms. Methods： Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups： the control group, the model group, Dongbao Gantai group（东宝肝泰, DBGT, 0.09 g methionine/kg）, CHSGS high-dose group（CHSG-H, 12.6 g crude drug/kg）, CHSGS medium-dose group（CHSG-M, 6.3 g crude drug/kg）, and CHSGS low-dose group（CHSG-L, 3.15 g crude drug/kg）. After establishing the NAFLD rat model and treatment for 8 weeks, total cholesterol（TC）, triglyceride（TG）, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C）, free fatty acid（FFA）, fasting blood glucose（FBG）, fasting insulin（FINS） contents in blood serum, and TC, TG contents in the hepatic homogenate were measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer, and a homeostasis model assessment was applied to assess the status of IR, insulin sensitivity index（ISI）, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin secretion（HOMA-IS）. The expression levels of adiponectin and leptin mRNA in liver tissue were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Pathological changes of livers were observed by hematoxylineosin staining of paraffin section. Results： Compared with the model group, the serum levels of TC, TG, FFA, FBG, FINS, IRI, ISI, and the liver levels of TC and TG in CHSG-H, CHSG-M, CHSG-L groups showed significant declines（P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）; the serum levels of HDL-C, HOMA-IS were significantly increased（P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）; the expression of leptin mRNA was dramatically decreased and the expression of adiponectin mRNA was increased in the hepatic tissue（P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. The fatty deposition of liver cells could also be alleviated. Conclusion： CHSGS could up-regulate the expression of adiponectin mRNA and down-regulate the expression of leptin mRNA on the liver, suggesting the CHSGS had positive therapeutic effect on NAFLD in rats with IR.
