Background:Yam(Dioscorea opposita Thunb.)has been consumed as a food and used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years.Resistant starch(RS)3 is of particular interest because it is heat-resistant,safe an...Background:Yam(Dioscorea opposita Thunb.)has been consumed as a food and used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years.Resistant starch(RS)3 is of particular interest because it is heat-resistant,safe and non-toxic,and retains good nutritional benefits;it is therefore used in a wide range of traditional and emerging foods as a heat-stable prebiotic ingredient.In our previous study,we found that yam RS includes strong lipid-lowering and anti-constipation activities.Methods:Yam RS3 was prepared by autoclaving-retrogradation and pullulanase debranching to yield autoclaving-retrogradation yam RS and pullulanase debranching yam RS,respectively.First,the physicochemical properties of both RS3s were analyzed.Second,the structures of the RS3s were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray powder diffraction,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Finally,the regulatory effects of the RS3s on the gut microbiota were evaluated using an in vitro fecal fermentation model.Results:The RS content of the RS3s decreased after processing,but was higher in pullulanase debranching yam RS(35.67%)than in autoclaving-retrogradation yam RS(28.71%).Compared with native yam starch,RS3s lost their original granular shapes and instead exhibited irregularly shapes with continuous phases.The crystalline structure of the RS3s was completely altered,with pullulanase debranching yam RS exhibiting B-type patterns.Both RS3s,and especially pullulanase debranching yam RS,promoted a significant increase in short chain fatty acid content after in vitro fermentation(all P<0.05).Moreover,pullulanase debranching yam RS significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and decreased the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia and Shigella(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Our findings show that yam RS3s can regulate the composition of the gut microbiota and promote the production of short chain fatty acid,especially butyric acid.Pullulanase debranching was a more effective method for producing functional yam RS3.展开更多
A plant expression vector containing a chimeric Bt29K gene coding for the activated Cry1Ac protein and the arrowhead proteinase inhibitior gene API B were introduced into the cotton cultivar Jihe321 mediated ...A plant expression vector containing a chimeric Bt29K gene coding for the activated Cry1Ac protein and the arrowhead proteinase inhibitior gene API B were introduced into the cotton cultivar Jihe321 mediated by Agrobactertium tumefaciens. Based on the results of kanamycin resistant testing, PCR detection for both foreign genes and insect bioassay using Heliethis armigera , nine transgenic homozygous cotton lines with insect resistance of more than 90% and better agronomic traits were bred through six generations from the original transgenic plants. Results from insect bioassay and sequence analysis of the PCR products of plants from some homozygous lines indicated that the chimeric Bt29K gene was stably inherited in these transgenic cotton lines. The main agronomic characters of these homozygous cotton lines, such as boll productivity and fibre strength, were better than that of the original cotton cv. Jihe321.展开更多
This prospective study was designed to examine the combined influence of insulin resistance（IR）and inflammatory biomarker levels on type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）among 1,903Inner Mongolians.
BACKGROUND Type A insulin resistance syndrome is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding the insulin receptor.Its coexistence with ovarian serous papillary cystadenofibroma is even rarer.CASE SUMMARY ...BACKGROUND Type A insulin resistance syndrome is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding the insulin receptor.Its coexistence with ovarian serous papillary cystadenofibroma is even rarer.CASE SUMMARY A 14-year-old girl developed type A insulin resistance syndrome and showed high fasting insulin,glucose,and hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels.The girl suffered from ovarian serous papillary cystadenofibroma.The laboratory results were as follows:fasting insulin was 2624.90 pmol/L and HbA1c was 8.5%.A heterozygous missense mutation on exon 20 of the insulin receptor gene(c.3601C>T,Arg1201Trp)was observed.The histopathological diagnosis was a cystic lesion that extended to the upper right uterus,indicating a right ovarian serous papillary cystadefibroma accompanied by focal interstitial hyperplasia.The patient was treated with metformin for over 6 mo.Additionally,laparoscopic resection(bilateral)of the ovarian lesion and laparoscopic intestinal adhesiolysis were performed under general anesthesia.Diet therapy combined with exercise was then initiated.The patient had an uneventful recovery.The patient also showed improved blood glucose control,with reduced levels of fasting insulin(857.84 pmol/L)and HbA1c(7.0%).CONCLUSION Insulin resistance may play a significant role in the induction of tumors.It is important to investigate further the association between insulin resistance and tumors and the underlying mechanism.展开更多
[ Objective] In order to make out differences between drug resistance spectrum types of different animal sources of Salmonella. [ Meth- otis] Selenite cystine broth, Salmonella- Shigella genus agar medium, CHROMagar S...[ Objective] In order to make out differences between drug resistance spectrum types of different animal sources of Salmonella. [ Meth- otis] Selenite cystine broth, Salmonella- Shigella genus agar medium, CHROMagar Salmonella chromogenic culture, Reveal Salmonella detection kit and molecular biology methods were used for isolation and identification of Salmonella from different animal feces samples. Antibacterialantimi- crobial susceptibility tests of 17 kinds of drugs such as enrofloxacin, apramycin and florfenicol were done on isolated strains with broth microdilution method, and test data was analysed with WHOnet 5.4 software. [ Results ] 699 feces samples from different animals were separated, and 53 strains of Salmonella were achieved with separation rate of 7.58%, among which those of yak, poultry, and pet sources were respectively 4.33%, 9.06% and 8.37%. [ Condusions] Separation rates and drug resistance spectrum types of different animal origin Salmonella varied greatly, among which separation rates and drug resistance spectrum types of yak source Salmonella were the lowest, there was little difference between separation rates of poultry and dog source Salmonella, however there were large differences on drug resistance spectrum types.展开更多
BACKGROUND Type A insulin resistance syndrome(TAIRS)is a rare disorder characterized by severe insulin resistance due to defects in insulin receptor signaling.No specific drugs are available for the treatment of TAIRS...BACKGROUND Type A insulin resistance syndrome(TAIRS)is a rare disorder characterized by severe insulin resistance due to defects in insulin receptor signaling.No specific drugs are available for the treatment of TAIRS.We report a case of TAIRS successfully treated with pioglitazone and flutamide for 5 years.CASE SUMMARY We present the rare case of a female patient aged 11 years and 9 mo with type A insulin resistance and an INSR heterozygous mutation(c.3614 C>T),who was treated with a combination of pioglitazone and flutamide.This treatment regimen reduced hemoglobin A1 c,fasting insulin and androgen levels.CONCLUSION Pioglitazone attenuated insulin resistance in this patient with TAIRS,and flutamide ameliorated masculinization.展开更多
The cracking behavior of lightweight aggregate concrete(LWAC) was investigated by mechanical analysis, SEM and cracking-resistant test where a shrinkage-restrained ring with a clapboard was used. The relationship betw...The cracking behavior of lightweight aggregate concrete(LWAC) was investigated by mechanical analysis, SEM and cracking-resistant test where a shrinkage-restrained ring with a clapboard was used. The relationship between the ceramsite type and the cracking resistance of LWAC was built up and compared with that of normal-weight coarse aggregate concrete(NWAC). A new method was proposed to evaluate the cracking resistance of concrete, where the concepts of cracking coefficient ζt(t) and the evaluation index Acr(t) were proposed, and the development of micro-cracks and damage accumulation were recognized. For the concrete with an ascending cracking coefficient curve, the larger Acr(t) is, the lower cracking resistance of concrete is. For the concrete with a descending cracking coefficient curve, the larger Acr(t) is, the stronger the cracking resistance of concrete is. The evaluation results show that in the case of that all the three types of coarse aggregates in concrete are pre-soaked for 24 h, NWAC has the lowest cracking resistance, followed by the LWAC with lower water absorption capacity ceramsite and the LWAC with higher water absorption capacity ceramsite has the strongest cracking resistance. The proposed method has obvious advantages over the cracking age method, because it can evaluate the cracking behavior of concrete even if the concrete has not an observable crack.展开更多
We determined the effects of the penetration depth and spline material and composite material type as well as joining method on bending moment resistance under diagonal compression and tension in common wood panel str...We determined the effects of the penetration depth and spline material and composite material type as well as joining method on bending moment resistance under diagonal compression and tension in common wood panel structures. Composite materials were laminated medium density fiberboard （MDF） and particleboard. Joining methods were butt and miter types. Spline materials were high density fiberboard （HDF）. The penetration depths of plywood, wood （Carpinus betolus） and spline were 8, 11 and 14 mm. The results showed that in both diagonal com- pression and tension, MDF joints are stronger than particleboard joints, and the bending moment resistance under compression is higher compared with that in tension. The highest bending moment resistance under tension was shown in MDF, butt joined using plywood spline with 8 mm penetration depth, whereas under compression bending moment resistance was seen in MDF, miter joined with the HDF spline of 14 mm penetration depth.展开更多
Objective To study the relationship between serum uric acid and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods A total of 728 middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetic patients were recruited and the anthropomet...Objective To study the relationship between serum uric acid and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods A total of 728 middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetic patients were recruited and the anthropometric,clinical and biochemical parameters and展开更多
Objective To study the genotyping characteristics and antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)isolated from lower respiratory tract at 2 different level hospitals in Shanghai.Methods ...Objective To study the genotyping characteristics and antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)isolated from lower respiratory tract at 2 different level hospitals in Shanghai.Methods The subjects included 155 patients at Ruijin Hospital and Tongren Hospital between January 2013 and June 2014,including 108 males and 47 females,with a mean age展开更多
Diseases are a potential threat to global food security but plants have evolved an extensive array of methodologies to cope with the invading pathogens. Non-host resistance and quantitative re- sistance are broad spec...Diseases are a potential threat to global food security but plants have evolved an extensive array of methodologies to cope with the invading pathogens. Non-host resistance and quantitative re- sistance are broad spectrum forms of resistance, and all kinds of resistances are controlled by extremely diverse genes called ＂R- genes＂. R-genes follow different mechanisms to defend plants and PAMP-induced defenses in susceptible host plants are referred to as basal resistance. Genetic and phenotypic diversity are vital in maize （Zea mays L.）; as such, genome wide association study （GWAS） along with certain other methodologies can explore the maximum means of genetic diversity. Exploring the complete genetic archi- tecture to manipulate maize genetically reduces the losses from hazardous diseases. Genomic studies can reveal the interaction be- tween different genes and their pathways. By confirming the specific role of these genes and protein-protein interaction （proteomics） via advanced molecular and bioinformatics tools, we can shed a light on the most complicated and abstruse phenomena of resistance.展开更多
The design progress of superconducting fault current limiter(SFCL)for transmission voltage is presented,with a focus on the results of recent key experiments that have led to a state‐of‐the‐art high‐voltage high‐...The design progress of superconducting fault current limiter(SFCL)for transmission voltage is presented,with a focus on the results of recent key experiments that have led to a state‐of‐the‐art high‐voltage high‐capacity super‐conducting current limiting techniques:the resistive alternating current(AC)SFCL,saturated iron cores AC SFCL,and resistive direct current(DC)SFCL.The main driving factors for designing SFCL in these projects are the preparation of high‐performance superconducting materials,the development of large‐scale superconducting current limiting winding,system testing,and operation technology.Based on the authors’experience with both AC and DC SFCLs,this paper focuses on the main design aspects of resistive SFCL at transmission voltage.The relationship between the hot spot caused by the inhomogeneity of long superconducting tape and the overall parameter selection is presented.In addition,the thermal calculation based on the current limiting resistance and a real‐time current curve is also proposed for the parameter design of the current limiting winding.展开更多
基金the key project at central government level(No.2060302)Key R&D Project of Hebei Province(V1584581541757)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Project of Qinghai Province(No.2021-SF-150)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFC1710603,No.2019YFC1710604).
文摘Background:Yam(Dioscorea opposita Thunb.)has been consumed as a food and used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years.Resistant starch(RS)3 is of particular interest because it is heat-resistant,safe and non-toxic,and retains good nutritional benefits;it is therefore used in a wide range of traditional and emerging foods as a heat-stable prebiotic ingredient.In our previous study,we found that yam RS includes strong lipid-lowering and anti-constipation activities.Methods:Yam RS3 was prepared by autoclaving-retrogradation and pullulanase debranching to yield autoclaving-retrogradation yam RS and pullulanase debranching yam RS,respectively.First,the physicochemical properties of both RS3s were analyzed.Second,the structures of the RS3s were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray powder diffraction,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Finally,the regulatory effects of the RS3s on the gut microbiota were evaluated using an in vitro fecal fermentation model.Results:The RS content of the RS3s decreased after processing,but was higher in pullulanase debranching yam RS(35.67%)than in autoclaving-retrogradation yam RS(28.71%).Compared with native yam starch,RS3s lost their original granular shapes and instead exhibited irregularly shapes with continuous phases.The crystalline structure of the RS3s was completely altered,with pullulanase debranching yam RS exhibiting B-type patterns.Both RS3s,and especially pullulanase debranching yam RS,promoted a significant increase in short chain fatty acid content after in vitro fermentation(all P<0.05).Moreover,pullulanase debranching yam RS significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and decreased the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia and Shigella(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Our findings show that yam RS3s can regulate the composition of the gut microbiota and promote the production of short chain fatty acid,especially butyric acid.Pullulanase debranching was a more effective method for producing functional yam RS3.
文摘A plant expression vector containing a chimeric Bt29K gene coding for the activated Cry1Ac protein and the arrowhead proteinase inhibitior gene API B were introduced into the cotton cultivar Jihe321 mediated by Agrobactertium tumefaciens. Based on the results of kanamycin resistant testing, PCR detection for both foreign genes and insect bioassay using Heliethis armigera , nine transgenic homozygous cotton lines with insect resistance of more than 90% and better agronomic traits were bred through six generations from the original transgenic plants. Results from insect bioassay and sequence analysis of the PCR products of plants from some homozygous lines indicated that the chimeric Bt29K gene was stably inherited in these transgenic cotton lines. The main agronomic characters of these homozygous cotton lines, such as boll productivity and fibre strength, were better than that of the original cotton cv. Jihe321.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.81773509][Grant No.81102190]
文摘This prospective study was designed to examine the combined influence of insulin resistance（IR）and inflammatory biomarker levels on type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）among 1,903Inner Mongolians.
文摘BACKGROUND Type A insulin resistance syndrome is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding the insulin receptor.Its coexistence with ovarian serous papillary cystadenofibroma is even rarer.CASE SUMMARY A 14-year-old girl developed type A insulin resistance syndrome and showed high fasting insulin,glucose,and hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels.The girl suffered from ovarian serous papillary cystadenofibroma.The laboratory results were as follows:fasting insulin was 2624.90 pmol/L and HbA1c was 8.5%.A heterozygous missense mutation on exon 20 of the insulin receptor gene(c.3601C>T,Arg1201Trp)was observed.The histopathological diagnosis was a cystic lesion that extended to the upper right uterus,indicating a right ovarian serous papillary cystadefibroma accompanied by focal interstitial hyperplasia.The patient was treated with metformin for over 6 mo.Additionally,laparoscopic resection(bilateral)of the ovarian lesion and laparoscopic intestinal adhesiolysis were performed under general anesthesia.Diet therapy combined with exercise was then initiated.The patient had an uneventful recovery.The patient also showed improved blood glucose control,with reduced levels of fasting insulin(857.84 pmol/L)and HbA1c(7.0%).CONCLUSION Insulin resistance may play a significant role in the induction of tumors.It is important to investigate further the association between insulin resistance and tumors and the underlying mechanism.
基金funded by 12th Five-Year Technology Support Program-key pastoral areas production of ecological life protection technology integration and demonstration topics-comprehensive prevention and control technology integration,innovation and application of cattle and sheep key epidemic disease(2012BAD13B06)Veterinary Medicine Discipline Program of Southwest University for Nationalities(2011XWD-S0906)
文摘[ Objective] In order to make out differences between drug resistance spectrum types of different animal sources of Salmonella. [ Meth- otis] Selenite cystine broth, Salmonella- Shigella genus agar medium, CHROMagar Salmonella chromogenic culture, Reveal Salmonella detection kit and molecular biology methods were used for isolation and identification of Salmonella from different animal feces samples. Antibacterialantimi- crobial susceptibility tests of 17 kinds of drugs such as enrofloxacin, apramycin and florfenicol were done on isolated strains with broth microdilution method, and test data was analysed with WHOnet 5.4 software. [ Results ] 699 feces samples from different animals were separated, and 53 strains of Salmonella were achieved with separation rate of 7.58%, among which those of yak, poultry, and pet sources were respectively 4.33%, 9.06% and 8.37%. [ Condusions] Separation rates and drug resistance spectrum types of different animal origin Salmonella varied greatly, among which separation rates and drug resistance spectrum types of yak source Salmonella were the lowest, there was little difference between separation rates of poultry and dog source Salmonella, however there were large differences on drug resistance spectrum types.
文摘BACKGROUND Type A insulin resistance syndrome(TAIRS)is a rare disorder characterized by severe insulin resistance due to defects in insulin receptor signaling.No specific drugs are available for the treatment of TAIRS.We report a case of TAIRS successfully treated with pioglitazone and flutamide for 5 years.CASE SUMMARY We present the rare case of a female patient aged 11 years and 9 mo with type A insulin resistance and an INSR heterozygous mutation(c.3614 C>T),who was treated with a combination of pioglitazone and flutamide.This treatment regimen reduced hemoglobin A1 c,fasting insulin and androgen levels.CONCLUSION Pioglitazone attenuated insulin resistance in this patient with TAIRS,and flutamide ameliorated masculinization.
基金Project(51078090)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The cracking behavior of lightweight aggregate concrete(LWAC) was investigated by mechanical analysis, SEM and cracking-resistant test where a shrinkage-restrained ring with a clapboard was used. The relationship between the ceramsite type and the cracking resistance of LWAC was built up and compared with that of normal-weight coarse aggregate concrete(NWAC). A new method was proposed to evaluate the cracking resistance of concrete, where the concepts of cracking coefficient ζt(t) and the evaluation index Acr(t) were proposed, and the development of micro-cracks and damage accumulation were recognized. For the concrete with an ascending cracking coefficient curve, the larger Acr(t) is, the lower cracking resistance of concrete is. For the concrete with a descending cracking coefficient curve, the larger Acr(t) is, the stronger the cracking resistance of concrete is. The evaluation results show that in the case of that all the three types of coarse aggregates in concrete are pre-soaked for 24 h, NWAC has the lowest cracking resistance, followed by the LWAC with lower water absorption capacity ceramsite and the LWAC with higher water absorption capacity ceramsite has the strongest cracking resistance. The proposed method has obvious advantages over the cracking age method, because it can evaluate the cracking behavior of concrete even if the concrete has not an observable crack.
文摘We determined the effects of the penetration depth and spline material and composite material type as well as joining method on bending moment resistance under diagonal compression and tension in common wood panel structures. Composite materials were laminated medium density fiberboard （MDF） and particleboard. Joining methods were butt and miter types. Spline materials were high density fiberboard （HDF）. The penetration depths of plywood, wood （Carpinus betolus） and spline were 8, 11 and 14 mm. The results showed that in both diagonal com- pression and tension, MDF joints are stronger than particleboard joints, and the bending moment resistance under compression is higher compared with that in tension. The highest bending moment resistance under tension was shown in MDF, butt joined using plywood spline with 8 mm penetration depth, whereas under compression bending moment resistance was seen in MDF, miter joined with the HDF spline of 14 mm penetration depth.
文摘Objective To study the relationship between serum uric acid and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods A total of 728 middle-aged and elderly type 2 diabetic patients were recruited and the anthropometric,clinical and biochemical parameters and
文摘Objective To study the genotyping characteristics and antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)isolated from lower respiratory tract at 2 different level hospitals in Shanghai.Methods The subjects included 155 patients at Ruijin Hospital and Tongren Hospital between January 2013 and June 2014,including 108 males and 47 females,with a mean age
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31161140347)
文摘Diseases are a potential threat to global food security but plants have evolved an extensive array of methodologies to cope with the invading pathogens. Non-host resistance and quantitative re- sistance are broad spectrum forms of resistance, and all kinds of resistances are controlled by extremely diverse genes called ＂R- genes＂. R-genes follow different mechanisms to defend plants and PAMP-induced defenses in susceptible host plants are referred to as basal resistance. Genetic and phenotypic diversity are vital in maize （Zea mays L.）; as such, genome wide association study （GWAS） along with certain other methodologies can explore the maximum means of genetic diversity. Exploring the complete genetic archi- tecture to manipulate maize genetically reduces the losses from hazardous diseases. Genomic studies can reveal the interaction be- tween different genes and their pathways. By confirming the specific role of these genes and protein-protein interaction （proteomics） via advanced molecular and bioinformatics tools, we can shed a light on the most complicated and abstruse phenomena of resistance.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program under Grant 2017YFB0902300。
文摘The design progress of superconducting fault current limiter(SFCL)for transmission voltage is presented,with a focus on the results of recent key experiments that have led to a state‐of‐the‐art high‐voltage high‐capacity super‐conducting current limiting techniques:the resistive alternating current(AC)SFCL,saturated iron cores AC SFCL,and resistive direct current(DC)SFCL.The main driving factors for designing SFCL in these projects are the preparation of high‐performance superconducting materials,the development of large‐scale superconducting current limiting winding,system testing,and operation technology.Based on the authors’experience with both AC and DC SFCLs,this paper focuses on the main design aspects of resistive SFCL at transmission voltage.The relationship between the hot spot caused by the inhomogeneity of long superconducting tape and the overall parameter selection is presented.In addition,the thermal calculation based on the current limiting resistance and a real‐time current curve is also proposed for the parameter design of the current limiting winding.
