Mesoscale eddies （MEs） in the South China Sea （SCS） simulated by a quasi-global eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model are evaluated against satellite data during 1993-2007. The modeled ocean data show mor...Mesoscale eddies （MEs） in the South China Sea （SCS） simulated by a quasi-global eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model are evaluated against satellite data during 1993-2007. The modeled ocean data show more activity than shown by the satellite data and reproduces more eddies in the SCS. A total of 345 （428） cyclonic eddies （CEs） and 330 （371） anti-cyclonic eddies （AEs） generated for satellite （model） data are identified during the study period, showing increase of -24% and -12% for the model data, respectively. Compared with eddies in satellite, the simulated eddies tend to have smaller radii, larger amplitudes, a slightly longer lifetime, faster movement and rotation speed, a slightly larger nonlinear properties （U/c） in the model. However, the spatial distribution of generated eddies appears to be inhomogeneous, with more CEs in the northern part of SCS and fewer AEs in the southern part. This is attributed to the exaggerated Kuroshio intrusion in the model because the small islands in the Luzon Strait are still not well resolved although the horizontal resolution reaches （1/10）°. The seasonal variability in the number and the amplitude of eddies generated is also investigated.展开更多
The complexation reaction between borate ions and phenol-formaldehyde resol resin in aqueous solution was studied by pH measurement, small model molecules and infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the complexat...The complexation reaction between borate ions and phenol-formaldehyde resol resin in aqueous solution was studied by pH measurement, small model molecules and infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the complexation can proceed completely and rapidly at room temperature. Borate ion attacks phenol hydroxyl groups and adjacent position hydroxymethyl groups on the phenol ring of the resin, and forms the coordinate bond between boron atom in borate ion and oxygen atom in the hydroxyl groups. The complexation is a quantitative reaction. The complex is a six member ring containing two oxygens and one boron. The complexation can release hydrogen ions resulting in the decreasing pH in the resin solution.展开更多
Low density polyethylene film surface-grafted phenolic resole was prepared by a sequential processes. Firstly, acrylic acid was grafted to the surface of low density polyethylene by photo-grafting. Secondly, the carbo...Low density polyethylene film surface-grafted phenolic resole was prepared by a sequential processes. Firstly, acrylic acid was grafted to the surface of low density polyethylene by photo-grafting. Secondly, the carboxylic groups in poly（acrylic acid） chains were transferred to sulfonic groups by the reaction of carboxylic groups with sulfanilic acid. Finally, a thin layer of phenolic resole was cured onto the surface of low density polyethylene. The grafting process was characterized by FTIR-ATR and gravimetric analysis. A possible model was proposed to interpret the experimental results.展开更多
Two carborane-containing resol phenolic resins（P1 and P2） with high boron content were synthesized via the reaction of carborane bisphenols（1 and 2） with formaldehyde in the presence of alkaline. HRMS results indi...Two carborane-containing resol phenolic resins（P1 and P2） with high boron content were synthesized via the reaction of carborane bisphenols（1 and 2） with formaldehyde in the presence of alkaline. HRMS results indicate that P1 is mainly composed of hydroxymethylated o-carborane bisphenols, the Mw of which was restrained around 500 due to the strong steric hindrance of o-carborane bisphenol. In contrast, the molecular weight of P2 was well regulated under various reaction conditions. The obtained resins were characterized with spectroscopic techniques including FTIR, 1H-NMR, ^13C-NMR, and 11B-NMR, which gave satisfactory results. TGA studies show that P2 shows char yield of 88.9% and 92.9% at 900 ℃ under nitrogen and air respectively. The imported carborane cage endows phenolic resin with ultrahigh char yield. Particularly, the char yield of the obtained carborane-containing phenolic resin under air is higher than that under nitrogen. FTIR and XRD confirm that the carborane cage could react with oxygen to form B2O3 at elevated temperatures, which postpones the thermal decomposition of phenolic resin and accounts for the high char yield.展开更多
A nitrile butadiene elastomeric nanoparticle (NBENP) was used for modification of resol phenolic resin.The reaction between NBENP and resol was measured by FT-IR,and the curing behavior of resins was charactered by DS...A nitrile butadiene elastomeric nanoparticle (NBENP) was used for modification of resol phenolic resin.The reaction between NBENP and resol was measured by FT-IR,and the curing behavior of resins was charactered by DSC.The mecanical and thermal properties of modified resins were measured.Fra cture surface of modified phenolic resin was observed by SEM.The results showed that,the impact strength, flexural strength and heat resistance of NBENP modifie d phenolic resin were increased at the same time. A strong interface adhesion wa s formed because of the reaction between hydroxymethyl of resol and NBENP.This s pecial interface conduces to transmission of stress when materials were loaded,a nd inhibition of deformation and decomposition of phenolic matrix when heated.Th e microcrack,initiated with rubber particle,and cavitation of rubbers might be t he main reason for increase in toughness.The honeycomb structure in fracture sur face might be another possible reason for excellent mechanical properties.展开更多
Carhons were prepared at different temperatures by pyrolytic treatment of phenolformaldehyde resin molded with ZnCl2 in advance. X-ray structure analyses have shown that these carbon are essentially amorphous with rat...Carhons were prepared at different temperatures by pyrolytic treatment of phenolformaldehyde resin molded with ZnCl2 in advance. X-ray structure analyses have shown that these carbon are essentially amorphous with rather loose structure of molecular size order with an interlayer distance of 0.36—0.37 nm. Using electrochemical methods, we have studied the insertion of lithium within these materials. Resole resins, heated to 580 ℃, have a reversible capacity of about 400 mA·h/g, which is beyond the theoretical capacity of graphite（372 mA·h/g） and discover that carbons with a smaller crystallite size and large interlayer distance have the larger discharge capacity.展开更多
基金The National Key Program for Developing Basic Science of China under contract No.2013CB956204the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41275084 and 41575084the Strategic Priority Research of the Chinese Academy of Science under contract No.XDA 11010304
文摘Mesoscale eddies （MEs） in the South China Sea （SCS） simulated by a quasi-global eddy-resolving ocean general circulation model are evaluated against satellite data during 1993-2007. The modeled ocean data show more activity than shown by the satellite data and reproduces more eddies in the SCS. A total of 345 （428） cyclonic eddies （CEs） and 330 （371） anti-cyclonic eddies （AEs） generated for satellite （model） data are identified during the study period, showing increase of -24% and -12% for the model data, respectively. Compared with eddies in satellite, the simulated eddies tend to have smaller radii, larger amplitudes, a slightly longer lifetime, faster movement and rotation speed, a slightly larger nonlinear properties （U/c） in the model. However, the spatial distribution of generated eddies appears to be inhomogeneous, with more CEs in the northern part of SCS and fewer AEs in the southern part. This is attributed to the exaggerated Kuroshio intrusion in the model because the small islands in the Luzon Strait are still not well resolved although the horizontal resolution reaches （1/10）°. The seasonal variability in the number and the amplitude of eddies generated is also investigated.
文摘The complexation reaction between borate ions and phenol-formaldehyde resol resin in aqueous solution was studied by pH measurement, small model molecules and infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the complexation can proceed completely and rapidly at room temperature. Borate ion attacks phenol hydroxyl groups and adjacent position hydroxymethyl groups on the phenol ring of the resin, and forms the coordinate bond between boron atom in borate ion and oxygen atom in the hydroxyl groups. The complexation is a quantitative reaction. The complex is a six member ring containing two oxygens and one boron. The complexation can release hydrogen ions resulting in the decreasing pH in the resin solution.
文摘Low density polyethylene film surface-grafted phenolic resole was prepared by a sequential processes. Firstly, acrylic acid was grafted to the surface of low density polyethylene by photo-grafting. Secondly, the carboxylic groups in poly（acrylic acid） chains were transferred to sulfonic groups by the reaction of carboxylic groups with sulfanilic acid. Finally, a thin layer of phenolic resole was cured onto the surface of low density polyethylene. The grafting process was characterized by FTIR-ATR and gravimetric analysis. A possible model was proposed to interpret the experimental results.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.JD-1512)
文摘Two carborane-containing resol phenolic resins（P1 and P2） with high boron content were synthesized via the reaction of carborane bisphenols（1 and 2） with formaldehyde in the presence of alkaline. HRMS results indicate that P1 is mainly composed of hydroxymethylated o-carborane bisphenols, the Mw of which was restrained around 500 due to the strong steric hindrance of o-carborane bisphenol. In contrast, the molecular weight of P2 was well regulated under various reaction conditions. The obtained resins were characterized with spectroscopic techniques including FTIR, 1H-NMR, ^13C-NMR, and 11B-NMR, which gave satisfactory results. TGA studies show that P2 shows char yield of 88.9% and 92.9% at 900 ℃ under nitrogen and air respectively. The imported carborane cage endows phenolic resin with ultrahigh char yield. Particularly, the char yield of the obtained carborane-containing phenolic resin under air is higher than that under nitrogen. FTIR and XRD confirm that the carborane cage could react with oxygen to form B2O3 at elevated temperatures, which postpones the thermal decomposition of phenolic resin and accounts for the high char yield.
文摘A nitrile butadiene elastomeric nanoparticle (NBENP) was used for modification of resol phenolic resin.The reaction between NBENP and resol was measured by FT-IR,and the curing behavior of resins was charactered by DSC.The mecanical and thermal properties of modified resins were measured.Fra cture surface of modified phenolic resin was observed by SEM.The results showed that,the impact strength, flexural strength and heat resistance of NBENP modifie d phenolic resin were increased at the same time. A strong interface adhesion wa s formed because of the reaction between hydroxymethyl of resol and NBENP.This s pecial interface conduces to transmission of stress when materials were loaded,a nd inhibition of deformation and decomposition of phenolic matrix when heated.Th e microcrack,initiated with rubber particle,and cavitation of rubbers might be t he main reason for increase in toughness.The honeycomb structure in fracture sur face might be another possible reason for excellent mechanical properties.
文摘Carhons were prepared at different temperatures by pyrolytic treatment of phenolformaldehyde resin molded with ZnCl2 in advance. X-ray structure analyses have shown that these carbon are essentially amorphous with rather loose structure of molecular size order with an interlayer distance of 0.36—0.37 nm. Using electrochemical methods, we have studied the insertion of lithium within these materials. Resole resins, heated to 580 ℃, have a reversible capacity of about 400 mA·h/g, which is beyond the theoretical capacity of graphite（372 mA·h/g） and discover that carbons with a smaller crystallite size and large interlayer distance have the larger discharge capacity.
