Research on the method of dual-frequency microwave diagnosis of plasma for solving phase integer ambiguity

In this work,microwaves and terahertz waves have performed a dual-frequency combineddiagnosis in high-temperature,large-scale plasma.According to the attenuation and phase shift of electromagnetic waves in the plasma,the electron density and collision frequency of theplasma can be inversely calculated.However,when the plasma size is large and the electron density is high,the phase shift of the electromagnetic wave is large(multiple times 2πperiod).Due to the limitations of the test equipment,the true phase shift is difficult to test accurately or to recover reality.That is,there is a problem of phase integer ambiguity.In order to obtain a phase shift of less than 180°,a higher electromagnetic wave frequency(terahertz wave with 890 GHz)is used for diagnosis.However,the attenuation of the terahertz wave diagnosis is too small(less than 0.1 d B),only the electron density can be obtained,and the collision frequency cannot be accurately obtained.Therefore,a combined diagnosis was carried out by combining twofrequencies(microwave with 36 GHz,terahertz wave with 890 GHz)to obtain electron density and collision frequency.The diagnosis result shows that the electron density is in the range of(0.65–1.5)×1019m^(-3),the collision frequency is in the range of 0.65–2 GHz,and the diagnostic accuracy is about 60%.

A new method for resolving phase ambiguity in radio interferometry using Earth rotation synthesis

As a key technique in deep space navigation, radio interferometry can be used to determine the accurate location of a spacecraft in the plane-of-sky by measuring its signal propagation time delay between two remote stations. To improve the measurement accuracy, differential phase delay without phase ambiguity is usually desired. Aiming at the difficulties of resolving phase ambiguity with few stations and narrowband downlink signals, a new method is proposed in this work by taking advantage of the Earth rotation. The high accurate differential phase delay between the spacecraft and a calibrator can be achieved not only in the in-beam observation mode but also in the out-of-beam observation mode. In this paper we firstly built the model of phase ambiguity resolution. Then, main measurement errors of the model are analyzed, which is followed by tests and validations of the model and method using the tracking data of the Cassini mission and Chang'E-3 mission. The results show that the phase ambiguities can be correctly resolved to generate a 10-picosecond level accuracy differential phase delay. Angular measurement accuracy of the Cassini reaches the milli-arc-second level, and the relative position accuracy between the Chang'E-3 rover and lander reaches the meter level.

Measurement for Phase Difference Rate without Phase Ambiguity

Firstly,the direction finding solution at the midpoint of a single base array is given for the purpose of this paper and the several functions relation between phase and frequency is also described.Then,the expression of phase difference rate is described based on the multichannel phase difference measurement.With stripping time difference item correspond to the baseline length from phase difference rate,a function is extracted which signifies the differential characteristics of wavelength integer and phase difference in a unit of length.Simulation calculation found that the variation of differential function of path difference in a unit of length is very regular.The corresponding corrected value can is determine directly by distinguishing the range of differential item of phase difference obtained by actual measurement.Thus,the function expression can be obtained that is equivalence with the quondam differential function of path difference and that is nothing to do with the difference item of wavelength integer.On this basic,several parameters are analyzed by using the method of phase difference measurement without phase ambiguity.The research results in this paper may provide a powerful technical support for engineering practical design related to the phase measuring.

Research on ambiguity resolution aided with triple difference

The ambiguity resolution in the field of GPS is investigated in detail. A new algorithm to resolve the ambiguity is proposed. The algorithm first obtains the floating resolution of the ambiguity aided with triple difference measurement. Decorrelation of searching space is done by reducing the ambiguity covariance matrix＇s dimension to overcome the possible sick factorization of the matrix brought by Z-transformation. In simulation, the proposed algorithm is compared with least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment （LAMBDA）. The result shows that the proposed algorithm is better than LAMBDA because of lesser resolving time, which approximately reduces 20% resolving time. Thus, the proposed algorithm adapts to the high dynamic real-time applications.

Single channel source separation of radar fuze mixed signal based on phase difference analysis

A new method based on phase difference analysis is proposed for the single-channel mixed signal separation of single-channel radar fuze.This method is used to estimate the mixing coefficients of de-noised signals through the cumulants of mixed signals,solve the candidate data set by the mixing coefficients and signal analytical form,and resolve the problem of vector ambiguity by analyzing the phase differences.The signal separation is realized by exchanging data of the solutions.The waveform similarity coefficients are calculated,and the time鈥攆requency distributions of separated signals are analyzed.The results show that the proposed method is effective.

Low-complexity fractional phase estimation for totally blind channel estimation

To remove the scalar ambiguity in conventional blind channel estimation algorithms, totally blind channel estimation （TBCE） is proposed by using multiple constellations. To estimate the unknown scalar, its phase is decomposed into a fractional phase and an integer phase. However, the maximum-likelihood （ML） algorithm for the fractional phase does not have closed-form solutions and suffers from high computational complexity. By ex- ploring the structures of widely used constellations, this paper proposes a low-complexity fractional phase estimation algorithm which requires no exhaustive search. Analytical expressions of the asymptotic mean squared error （MSE） are also derived. The theo- retical analysis and simulation results indicate that the proposed fractional phase estimation algorithm exhibits almost the same performance as the ML algorithm but with significantly reduced computational burden.

Polyphase coded signal design for MIMO radar using MO-MicPSO

A novel modified optimization technique known as the multi-objective micro particle swarm optimization（MO-MicPSO） is proposed for polyphase coded signal design.The proposed MO-MicPSO requires only a small population size compared with the standard particle swarm optimization that uses a larger population size.This new method is guided by an elite archive to finish the multi-objective optimization.The orthogonal polyphase coded signal（OPCS） can fundamentally improve the multiple input multiple output（MIMO） radar system performance,with which the radar system has high resolution and abundant signal channels.Simulation results on the polyphase coded signal design show that the MO-MicPSO can perform quite well for this high-dimensional multi-objective optimized problem.Compared with particle swarm optimization or genetic algorithm,the proposed MO-MicPSO has a better optimized efficiency and less time consumption.

Use of piecewise polynomial phase modeling to compensate ionospheric phase contamination in skywave radar systems

Recognition and correction of ionospheric phase path contamination is a vital part of the global radar signal processing sequence. A number of model-based correction algorithms have been developed to deal with the radar performance degradation due to the ionospheric distortion and contamination. This paper addresses a novel parametric estimation and compensation method based on High-order Ambiguity Function (HAF) to solve the problem of phase path contamination of HF skywave radar signals. When signal-to-noise ratio and data sequence available satisfy the predefined conditions, the ionospheric phase path contamination may be modeled by a polynomial phase signal (PPS). As a new parametric tool for analyzing the PPS, HAF is introduced to estimate parameters of the polynomial-phase model and reconstruct the correction signal. Using the reconstructed correction signal, compensation can be performed before coherent integration so that the original echo spectrum can be restored. A piecewise scheme is proposed to track rapid variation of the phase contamination based on HAF method, and it can remove the Doppler spread effect caused by the ionosphere nonstationarity. Simulation and experimental results are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

On Mutual Transform Between Number-Difference State and Phase State Corresponding to Operational Phase Operator

In the mutual transform between the number-difference state and the phase state corresponding to the operational phase operator we find that there exists an end-point ambiguousness. This problem can be avoided by Lighthill's method.

基于Hatch滤波的改进矩阵变换法在BDS多频模糊度解算中的应用

长基线条件下,空间相关性弱,电离层延迟残差和噪声影响变大,致使矩阵变换法模糊度解算过程中,窄巷组合受噪声影响大,单历元模糊度解算成功率低。因此,削弱电离层残差及噪声影响可以一定程度提高模糊度解算成功率。本文在分析矩阵变换算法基础上,利用Hatch滤波有效抑制伪距测量噪声和多径效应特点,结合弱电离层、低噪声的载波组合,通过相位平滑伪距代替组合伪距值参与解算,从而削弱电离层残差及观测噪声影响。通过实测数据分析,本文算法可有效提高矩阵变换法模糊度解算成功率。

北斗三号高精度载波相位差分定位算法

针对北斗三号系统(BDS-3)全星座、多频率差分定位相关研究不足等问题,构建基于多频观测值的载波相位差分定位模型,并利用连续运行参考站(CORS)网络的实测数据以及实测车载动态数据对算法进行验证。研究表明:在静态定位模式下,双频组合中的B1CB2a在定位精度上表现最佳,与B1CB2a相比,三频组合B1CB2a B3I在N、E、U三个方向的定位精度分别提高了16%~41%、2%~62%、7%~47%;在动态定位模式下,三频组合B1CB2a B3I在N、E、U三个方向的定位精度分别提高了53%~61%、52%~75%、51%~53%。B1CB2a、B1CB2aB3I可分别在静态、动态定位模式下实现厘米级、亚米级的定位精度以及模糊度的快速准确固定,显著提高定位系统的性能和可靠性,在智能交通、无人机导航、精准农业等领域具有广阔的应用前景。

北斗系统多频载波相位整周模糊度解算方法研究

研究利用LAMBDA方法来解算三频载波相位BDS系统和GPS系统整周模糊度并分析其固定精度情况。通过采用2 km、5 km、8 km、10 km和12 km五条基线进行单系统解算对比,实验结果表明,无论是BDS还是GPS,在进行单系统RTK解算中,N方向坐标偏差变化幅度较其他两个方向变化都是最大的;在进行5 km的基线解算中,BDS三个坐标方向偏差基本保持在-0.2~0.4 m之间,相对于GPS系统较好;5 km的基线解算中,GPS系统三个方向坐标偏差值基本在-0.1~0.1 m之间,较BDS系统稳定且精度高。2 km基线的时候在200历元左右GPS固定精度明显优于BDS,5 km的时候GPS在1 000历元左右模糊度固定精度明显要比BDS高,但是随着基线长度的增加,GPS系统模糊度固定精度逐渐趋近,直至小于BDS系统。

基于MEMS IMU的GNSS RTK/INS紧组合定位分析

本文针对复杂动态的城市环境自动驾驶规模化应用需求,提出惯性单元辅助RTK快速收敛的自动驾驶低成本、高精度定位方法。使用MEMS IMU M39和战术级IMU Pos320,通过对多组实测车载数据进行仿真中断,得到INS位置漂移误差、模糊度收敛时间、模糊度固定正确性指标,再对无惯导辅助、M39辅助模糊度固定和Pos320辅助3种情形下的模糊度固定时间和定位精度进行了统计和分析。结果表明,M39在GNSS中断5 s时可辅助RTK实现模糊度瞬时固定,中断时间为10 s时可以将RTK模糊度收敛时间压缩至1/4。MEMS IMU的加入使得RTK模糊度固定错误个数显著下降,10 cm以内高精度定位占比由62.25%提高至98.44%。试验验证了MEMS IMU辅助RTK能够加快模糊度收敛速度,提高了其在自动驾驶导航定位应用中的精度和可靠性。

基于载波相位的视距内动态无线时间比对关键技术研究

针对视距内动态时间比对用伪距观测量解算钟差噪声较大的问题,用载波相位观测量可以大幅度减小解算钟差的噪声,但载波相位存在求解整周模糊度和周跳等问题。本文首先研究了双向伪距和载波相位测量原理以及配对解算钟差的方法,并提出了一种采样提取双向载波相位观测量的新方法,减小了双向载波相位因采样时刻不一致导致的链路非对称对钟差测量结果的影响。针对载波相位双向时间比对中整周模糊度的求解和周跳探测与修正2个技术难点,用改进的伪距法估算整周模糊度,并用卡尔曼滤波实时的探测修正周跳。最后搭建车载试验平台验证动态时间比对效果,载波相位相较于伪距双向时间比对的精度提升了71.3%,测量钟差的均方根误差达到了百皮秒量级。

基于天牛须种群算法的整周模糊度解算算法

如何快速、准确地固定整周模糊度是载波相位测量中的一个关键问题。为了提高整周模糊度搜索速率,提出了一种基于天牛须种群算法(beetle antennae colony search, BACS)的整周模糊度解算算法。通过与BAS算法、BAS-Nadam算法、LAMBDA算法以及MLAMBDA算法进行解算速率、稳定性的对比实验,在三维模糊度解算时,BACS算法在与LAMBDA和MLAMBDA算法解算成功率相当的情况下,能利用更少的时间搜索到模糊度最优解。为了验证BACS算法在高维模糊度解算以及工程解算情况下是否适用,进行了高维模糊度解算的实验以及单频单GPS系统下BACS算法的应用实验。分析及实验表明,BACS算法能很好保证高维模糊度解算的实时性和鲁棒性,对于12维模糊度解算,平均解算时间0.068 s,解算成功率为92%,对于低维模糊度解算,解算速率更快,解算成功率更高。在单频单GPS系统工程解算中,x、y、z方向定位精度分别为±0.008、±0.01、±0.01 m,能达到厘米级精度定位。

附加双差模糊度网解约束的GNSS相位延迟估计

针对现有相位延迟估计方法未利用双差模糊度网解约束的特点,提出了一种附加双差模糊度网解约束的相位延迟估计方法。首先以整周双差模糊度网解为真值更新精密单点定位(PPP)估计的非差浮点模糊度,再通过网平差法估计未校正相位延迟(UPD)。实验结果表明,PPP双差模糊度与双差模糊度网解一致性好,其宽、窄巷中误差分别为0.07周和0.11周,误差大于1周的PPP双差模糊度主要出现在卫星初升阶段。约束改变了非差浮点模糊度,从而改变了参与UPD网平差的测站,使14%新升起卫星的窄巷UPD在短时间内较无约束有大于0.2周的差异。附加约束/无约束的全天星间单差UPD差异在大于99.9%的置信水平下满足零均值假设,表明整周双差模糊度网解约束方法与无约束方法估计UPD相关产品具有等效性。研究结果可为参考网非差模糊度解算和PPP与网络实时动态定位(RTK)的融合工作提供参考。

A Combined Antenna Array Deployment with High Positioning Accuracy and Low Angular Measurement Error

In this paper,an antenna array composed of circular array and orthogonal linear array is proposed by using the design of long and short baseline“orthogonal linear array”and the circular array ambiguity resolution design of multi-group baseline clustering.The effectiveness of the antenna array in this paper is verified by sufficient simulation and experiment.After the system deviation correction work,it is found that in the L/S/C/X frequency bands,the ambiguity resolution probability is high,and the phase difference system error between each channel is basically the same.The angle measurement error is less than 0.5°,and the positioning error is less than 2.5 km.Notably,as the center frequency increases,calibration consistency improves,and the calibration frequency points become applicable over a wider frequency range.At a center frequency of 11.5 GHz,the calibration frequency point bandwidth extends to 1200 MHz.This combined antenna array deployment holds significant promise for a wide range of applications in contemporary wireless communication systems.

陆探一号卫星SAR载荷关键技术

陆探一号是我国首个采用差分干涉测量技术实现地表形变监测应用的合成孔径雷达(SAR)卫星星座,其01组双星分别于2022年1月26日和2022年2月27日成功发射并在轨运行。双星在轨后具有双基编队干涉和双星组网两种模式。在双星干涉成像模式下,利用双基InSAR条带模式获取全国高精度DEM;在双星组网成像模式下,双星同轨道间隔180°在轨稳定运行,重访周期由8 d下降至4 d,获取时序相干数据,具备高精度地表形变监测的能力。此外,陆探一号SAR系统具备多模式极化优势,可获取单航过多极化InSAR、混合极化SAR数据,可用于林业、国土资源调查及灾害监测等。本文对陆探一号SAR载荷的关键技术,包括相位同步、模糊抑制与系统定标等进行系统性阐述和分析。陆探一号SAR载荷实现的最高分辨率为3 m,最大幅宽可达400 km,同时干涉模式方位模糊度优于-20 dB,系统性能优良,本文通过地面测试和在轨实测数据对陆探一号多模式成像性能进行验证。

相位模糊下基于软判决的卷积码识别方法

QPSK数据流通常具有相位模糊的问题,传统方法常采用卷积码遍历识别码字起始位置的译码算法,这将导致算法计算量大、资源占用高等诸多问题。因此,提出一种基于软判决的卷积码起始位置识别与QPSK相位模糊消除的译码方法,以有效提升译码算法性能。首先,推导了卷积码编码序列与校验矩阵之间的数学表达式,明晰了卷积码码字起始位置与相位模糊的逻辑关系;然后,求解CCSDS标准卷积码的校验矩阵,以方程成立的概率作为判决的度量,该方法适用于各种码率的删除卷积码,具有工程实用性;最后,通过仿真分析验证了所提出方法的有效性。研究表明该方法无需遍历卷积码的码字起始位置和相位模糊,且鲁棒性较强,所需数据量较小,随着数据量的增大和卷积码码率的降低,识别准确率逐渐提高。

GNSS整周模糊度研究现状与展望

载波相位测量是全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)实现高精度定位的一个重要观测量。在现阶段,自动驾驶、智慧城市等领域的技术越来越成熟,高精度定位能在这些领域得到广泛的应用,甚至促进这些领域的快速发展,是当前卫星导航领域的热点。快速可靠地确定整周模糊度是载波相位测量中的关键,也是提高GNSS定位精度的关键。本文整理了各种整周模糊度的解算方法,其中重点论述了三频载波模糊度解算(TCAR)方法、递进模糊度整数解算(CIR)方法、最小二乘模糊度去相关平差(LAMBDA)算法等整周模糊度的解算方法及其研究进展,并探讨后续研究的方向。