数智时代我国纠纷解决机制——从ADR到ODR

[研究目的]随着信息技术的不断完善,我国电子商务蓬勃发展。与此同时,网络纠纷的增长也随之而来。数智时代民事纠纷呈现出数量多、增速快、标的较小、解决周期短的特点。[研究方法]传统的诉讼解决机制已难以适应数智时代下我国网络纠纷的解决需要,“互联网+”技术的发展及“共建共治共享”网络空间治理格局的不断推进使得在线纠纷解决机制应运而生。我国的在线诉讼及智慧法院建设属于ODR机制在司法领域的应用,ODR突破了传统Online ADR的非诉解纷范畴,实现了司法诉讼的线上审判新模式。企业可以直接通过互联网端进行纠纷申报与处理,避免了线下冲突;平台可以在线收集消费者的投诉信息并进行分类处理,更加高效的掌握自家产品或服务面向市场过程中产生的问题,进而加强企业管理与质量监督,改善工作,有利于将企业的不利影响降到最低。在现实应用中,我国ODR机制仍存在立法缺失、ODR机制执行效率低下、消费者信任不足等一系列问题。[研究结论]对此,应在数智背景下完善关于ODR机制对消费者保护的立法规定、培养人民群众化解矛盾纠纷的新思维范式,促进线上纠纷解决机制的普及度,加强“电子信用”建设、完善保全与救济措施、提升ODR机制的平台建设与人才储备以更好促进我国ODR机制的良性发展。

Virtual source approach for maximizing resolution in high-penetration gamma-ray imaging

High-energy gamma-ray radiography has exceptional penetration ability and has become an indispensable nondestructive testing(NDT)tool in various fields.For high-energy photons,point projection radiography is almost the only feasible imaging method,and its spatial resolution is primarily constrained by the size of the gamma-ray source.In conventional industrial applications,gamma-ray sources are commonly based on electron beams driven by accelerators,utilizing the process of bremsstrahlung radiation.The size of the gamma-ray source is dependent on the dimensional characteristics of the electron beam.Extensive research has been conducted on various advanced accelerator technologies that have the potential to greatly improve spatial resolution in NDT.In our investigation of laser-driven gamma-ray sources,a spatial resolution of about 90μm is achieved when the areal density of the penetrated object is 120 g/cm^(2).A virtual source approach is proposed to optimize the size of the gamma-ray source used for imaging,with the aim of maximizing spatial resolution.In this virtual source approach,the gamma ray can be considered as being emitted from a virtual source within the convertor,where the equivalent gamma-ray source size in imaging is much smaller than the actual emission area.On the basis of Monte Carlo simulations,we derive a set of evaluation formulas for virtual source scale and gamma-ray emission angle.Under optimal conditions,the virtual source size can be as small as 15μm,which can significantly improve the spatial resolution of high-penetration imaging to less than 50μm.

Fast compressed sensing spectral measurement with adaptive gradient multiscale resolution

We propose a fast,adaptive multiscale resolution spectral measurement method based on compressed sensing.The method can apply variable measurement resolution over the entire spectral range to reduce the measurement time by over 75%compared to a global high-resolution measurement.Mimicking the characteristics of the human retina system,the resolution distribution follows the principle of gradually decreasing.The system allows the spectral peaks of interest to be captured dynamically or to be specified a priori by a user.The system was tested by measuring single and dual spectral peaks,and the results of spectral peaks are consistent with those of global high-resolution measurements.

Lightweight Multi-Resolution Network for Human Pose Estimation

Human pose estimation aims to localize the body joints from image or video data.With the development of deeplearning,pose estimation has become a hot research topic in the field of computer vision.In recent years,humanpose estimation has achieved great success in multiple fields such as animation and sports.However,to obtainaccurate positioning results,existing methods may suffer from large model sizes,a high number of parameters,and increased complexity,leading to high computing costs.In this paper,we propose a new lightweight featureencoder to construct a high-resolution network that reduces the number of parameters and lowers the computingcost.We also introduced a semantic enhancement module that improves global feature extraction and networkperformance by combining channel and spatial dimensions.Furthermore,we propose a dense connected spatialpyramid pooling module to compensate for the decrease in image resolution and information loss in the network.Finally,ourmethod effectively reduces the number of parameters and complexitywhile ensuring high performance.Extensive experiments show that our method achieves a competitive performance while dramatically reducing thenumber of parameters,and operational complexity.Specifically,our method can obtain 89.9%AP score on MPIIVAL,while the number of parameters and the complexity of operations were reduced by 41%and 36%,respectively.

The environmental analysis and site selection of mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas based on high resolution remote sensing

Mussel aquaculture and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas and their environmental characteristics in Zhoushan were analyzed using satellite data and in-situ surveys.A new two-step remote sensing method was proposed and applied to determine the basic environmental characteristics of the best mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas.This methodology includes the first step of extraction of the location distribution and the second step of the extraction of internal environmental factors.The fishery ranching index(FRI1,FRI2)was established to extract the mussel and the large yellow croaker aquaculture area in Zhoushan,using Gaofen-1(GF-1)and Gaofen-6(GF-6)satellite data with a special resolution of 2 m.In the second step,the environmental factors such as sea surface temperature(SST),chlorophyll a(Chl-a)concentration,current and tide,suspended sediment concentration(SSC)in mussel aquaculture area and large yellow croaker aquaculture area were extracted and analyzed in detail.The results show the following three points.(1)For the extraction of the mussel aquaculture area,FRI1 and FRI2 are complementary,and the combination of FRI1 and FRI2 is suitable to extract the mussel aquaculture area.As for the large yellow croaker aquaculture area extraction,FRI2 is suitable.(2)Mussel aquaculture and the large yellow croaker aquaculture area in Zhoushan are mainly located on the side near the islands that are away from the eastern open waters.The water environment factor template suitable for mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture was determined.(3)This two-step remote sensing method can be used for the preliminary screening of potential site selection for the mussels and large yellow croaker aquaculture area in the future.the fishery ranching index(FRI1,FRI2)in this paper can be applied to extract the mussel and large yellow croaker aquaculture areas in coastal waters around the world.

Role of Media in Promoting Peace and Conflict Resolution in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo

The research examined the role of media in promoting peace and conflict resolution in North Kivu,Democratic Republic of Congo.The security situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC),particularly in the eastern region of North Kivu,has been deteriorating.The study was anchored in social identity theory.The research methodology employed for this study was qualitative,focusing on the analysis of Mr.Edgar Mateso’s contributions to Radio Okapi’s“Dialogue entre Congolais”program during the period from 2019 to 2023.The research was conducted within the broader context of the persistent war and conflict in the Democratic Republic of Congo,providing valuable insights into the dynamics and challenges of addressing the ongoing insecurity and violence in the region.The study found that media,exemplified by Radio Okapi,plays a multifaceted and significant role in promoting peace and conflict resolution in North Kivu,Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC).It serves as a critical source of accurate information,enabling informed decision-making regarding ceasefire agreements,peace talks,and humanitarian aid.Media fosters dialogue and understanding among different stakeholders,contributing to reconciliation efforts.Additionally,it raises awareness about the human cost of the conflict,challenges misinformation,monitors peace agreements,amplifies the concerns of the affected population,and promotes human rights and justice.Media also engages youth,serves as an early warning system,and attracts global attention to the conflict.It is recommended that media organizations in North Kivu continue their efforts to facilitate dialogue and understanding among different stakeholder groups.Additionally,media should maintain its focus on raising awareness about the human cost of the conflict,ensuring that the suffering of civilians remains in the spotlight and generates international empathy and support.Media outlets should also continue their role as watchdogs by closely monitoring the implementation of ceasefire agreements and reporting any violations transparently.To strengthen media’s role in promoting peace,there should be continued advocacy for peace through dedicated radio programs,news reports,and editorial content.Internationally,media should continue to provide comprehensive coverage of the conflict in North Kivu,attracting global attention and shaping the perception of the conflict on the global stage.Lastly,media organizations should preserve a lasting legacy of peace by archiving peace-related content,documentaries,and narratives of reconciliation.

High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery for the Recognition of Traditional Villages

Traditional Chinese villages,vital carriers of traditional culture,have faced significant alterations due to urbanization in recent years,urgently necessitating artificial intelligence data updates.This study integrates high spatial resolution remote sensing imagery with deep learning techniques,proposing a novel method for identifying rooftops of traditional Chinese village buildings using high-definition remote sensing images.Using 0.54 m spatial resolution imagery of traditional village areas as the data source,this method analyzes the geometric and spectral image characteristics of village building rooftops.It constructs a deep learning feature sample library tailored to the target types.Employing a semantically enhanced version of the improved Mask R-CNN(Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network)for building recognition,the study conducts experiments on localized imagery from different regions.The results demonstrated that the modified Mask R-CNN effectively identifies traditional village building rooftops,achieving an of 0.7520 and an of 0.7400.It improves the current problem of misidentification and missed detection caused by feature heterogeneity.This method offers a viable and effective approach for industrialized data monitoring of traditional villages,contributing to their sustainable development.

Research on Risk Prevention and Resolution Strategies of College Network Ideology in the Context of the Internet

With the rapid development of the Internet,the network ideology of colleges and universities is facing severe challenges.This paper deeply analyzes the root of the risk of network ideology and makes a specific investigation of the status quo of network public opinion in colleges and universities.On this basis,the study explores and puts forward a series of targeted risk prevention and resolution strategies,aiming at providing a systematic solution for the network ideology security of colleges and universities.In this paper,with the combination of theory and practice as the path,we verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed strategy through the analysis of the implementation effect of the strategy.This study also provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the prevention and control of ideological risks and public opinion guidance in universities under the network environment,which has important practical significance.With the continuous progress of network technology,the threats to the network ideology of colleges and universities are increasing.For example,the spread of false information has become a serious problem affecting the security of college network ideology.

ODR反射器结构对InGaAs电池性能增益的研究

光谱匹配更良好的反向三结InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs太阳电池是进一步提高空间用太阳电池性能的重要技术方案。然而,整个电池的性能受InGaAs子电池弱的抗辐射性能影响,制约其空间应用。基区减薄是提高电池抗辐照性能的主要手段,然而会带来电流不足的问题。通过在基区减薄的InGaAs电池底部引入全方位反射器(omni-directional reflector,ODR)结构,在提高其抗辐射性能的同时保证了其电流密度。通过光照I-V测试及外量子效率(EQE)测试,发现ODR结构的引入可增加载流子收集率提高短路电流密度。通过光照I-V测试及暗态I-V测试,发现ODR结构的引入降低了复合电流,并提高了开路电压。结合理论分析,载流子收集率的增益以及复合电流的降低有利于提高填充因子。最终,ODR背反射结构有效提高了基区减薄InGaAs电池的性能。

Resolution analysis of thermal neutron radiography based on accelerator-driven compact neutron source

Owing to the immobility of traditional reactors and spallation neutron sources,the demand for compact thermal neutron radiography(CTNR)based on accelerator neutron sources has rapidly increased in industrial applications.Recently,thermal neutron radiography experiments based on a D-T neutron generator performed by Hefei Institutes of Physical Science indicated a significant resolution deviation between the experimental results and the values calculated using the traditional resolution model.The experimental result was up to 23%lower than the calculated result,which hinders the achievement of the design goal of a compact neutron radiography system.A GEANT4 Monte Carlo code was developed to simulate the CTNR process,aiming to identify the key factors leading to resolution deviation.The effects of a low collimation ratio and high-energy neutrons were analyzed based on the neutron beam environment of the CTNR system.The results showed that the deviation was primarily caused by geometric distortion at low collimation ratios and radiation noise induced by highenergy neutrons.Additionally,the theoretical model was modified by considering the imaging position and radiation noise factors.The modified theoretical model was in good agreement with the experimental results,and the maximum deviation was reduced to 4.22%.This can be useful for the high-precision design of CTNR systems.

Improved spatiotemporal resolution of anti-scattering super-resolution label-free microscopy via synthetic wave 3D metalens imaging

Super-resolution(SR)microscopy has dramatically enhanced our understanding of biological processes.However,scattering media in thick specimens severely limits the spatial resolution,often rendering the images unclear or indistinguishable.Additionally,live-cell imaging faces challenges in achieving high temporal resolution for fast-moving subcellular structures.Here,we present the principles of a synthetic wave microscopy(SWM)to extract three-dimensional information from thick unlabeled specimens,where photobleaching and phototoxicity are avoided.SWM exploits multiple-wave interferometry to reveal the specimen’s phase information in the area of interest,which is not affected by the scattering media in the optical path.SWM achieves~0.42λ/NA resolution at an imaging speed of up to 106 pixels/s.SWM proves better temporal resolution and sensitivity than the most conventional microscopes currently available while maintaining exceptional SR and anti-scattering capabilities.Penetrating through the scattering media is challenging for conventional imaging techniques.Remarkably,SWM retains its efficacy even in conditions of low signal-to-noise ratios.It facilitates the visualization of dynamic subcellular structures in live cells,encompassing tubular endoplasmic reticulum(ER),lipid droplets,mitochondria,and lysosomes.

基于ODR的医院智慧财务管理信息化建设实践——以深圳市第三人民医院为例

为满足公立医院业财融合的需要,以及不断提升工作效率,实现业务协同,支撑运营决策,深圳市第三人民医院通过需求调研确立了财务管理改进目标和信息化建设框架,开展了以运营数据中心(Operational Data Repository,ODR)为底座、以实现全面智慧财务为核心的智慧财务管理信息化建设实践,可为其他公立医院高质量发展提供可参考的建设框架逻辑与财务管理模式。基于此,文章具体阐述深圳市第三人民医院概况及其财务管理存在的问题,以及基于ODR的医院智慧财务管理信息化建设实践路径,以供参考。

通向“数字正义”的路径探索——线上纠纷解决机制(ODR)的构建与完善

在网络化、智能化和数字化高速发展的今天,程序正义与传统正义理论需要随着数字时代纠纷解决模式的变革而与时俱进,数字正义理论应运而生。我国的线上纠纷解决机制(ODR)分为民间ODR、司法ODR和政务ODR三种实现路径,分别化解各自线上的纠纷,形成有序多元共治的数字化治理格局,探索出一条通向数字正义的新路径。特别是新冠疫情暴发期间,我国司法ODR以其高效便捷的特性成为权利救济的主要途径,在世界ODR发展水平上实现了弯道超车。但ODR在我国的实践中仍然存在很多不足,需要加大对ODR的宣传,建设统一的门户网站,在立法层面对ODR予以认可;同时,加强对个人信息的保护,规范ODR人才队伍建设,为推进ODR健康发展,实现数字正义提供可行路径。

跨境电子商务ODR机制研究——以欧盟《消费者ODR条例》为视角

作为司法救济的有效替代,在线纠纷解决机制也可以被用于解决跨境电子商务纠纷。欧盟针对跨境电子商务纠纷专门制定了《消费者ODR条例》,以ADR机构为基础解决在线纠纷。同时,《消费者ODR条例》也为其他的ODR方式建设提供了有效借鉴。通过跨境电子商务经营者内生的民间ODR机制,一方面,可以规避仍需通过ADR机构解决纠纷的繁杂;另一方面,可以提高ODR机制的友好性,在充分进行数据合规工作的前提下,可以帮助电子商务交易双方更快地解决纠纷,更能促进跨境电子商务清洁、健康发展。文章基于《消费者ODR条例》,对跨境电子商务ODR机制进行了研究。

Investigation of hearing aid users'speech understanding in noise and their spectral-temporal resolution skills

Purpose:Our study aims to compare speech understanding in noise and spectral-temporal resolution skills with regard to the degree of hearing loss,age,hearing aid use experience and gender of hearing aid users.Methods:Our study included sixty-eight hearing aid users aged between 40-70 years,with bilateral mild and moderate symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss.Random gap detection test,Turkish matrix test and spectral-temporally modulated ripple test were implemented on the participants with bilateral hearing aids.The test results acquired were compared statistically according to different variables and the correlations were examined.Results:No statistically significant differences were observed for speech-in-noise recognition,spectraltemporal resolution among older and younger adults in hearing aid users(p>0.05).There wasn’t found a statistically significant difference among test outcomes as regards different hearing loss degrees(p>0.05).Higher performances were obtained in terms of temporal resolution in male participants and participants with more hearing aid use experience(p<0.05).Significant correlations were obtained between the results of speech-in-noise recognition,temporal resolution and spectral resolution tests performed with hearing aids(p<0.05).Conclusion:Our study findings emphasized the importance of regular hearing aid use and it showed that some auditory skills can be improved with hearing aids.Observation of correlations among the speechin-noise recognition,temporal resolution and spectral resolution tests have revealed that these skills should be evaluated as a whole to maximize the patient’s communication abilities.

A super resolution target separation and reconstruction approach for single channel sar against deceptive jamming

The excellent remote sensing ability of synthetic aperture radar(SAR)will be misled seriously when it encounters deceptive jamming which possesses high fidelity and fraudulence.In this paper,the dynamic synthetic aperture(DSA)scheme is used to extract the difference between the true and false targets.A simultaneous deceptive jamming suppression and target reconstruction method is proposed for a single channel SAR system to guarantee remote sensing ability.The system model is formulated as a sparse signal recovery problem with an unknown parametric dictionary to be estimated.An iterative reweighted method is employed to jointly handle the dictionary parameter learning and target reconstruction problem in an majorization-minimization framework,where a surrogate function majorizing the Gaussian entropy in the objective function is introduced to circumvent its non-convexity.After dictionary parameter learning,the grid mismatching problem in a fixed grid based method is avoided.Therefore,the proposed method can reap a super resolution result.Besides,a simple yet effective DSA section scheme is developed for the SAR data excerpting,in which only two DSAs are required.Experimental results about location error and reconstruction power error reveal that the proposed method is able to achieve a good performance in deceptive jamming suppression.

Resolution-enhanced single-pixel imaging using the Hadamard transform matrix

We propose a single-pixel imaging(SPI)method to achieve a higher-resolution image via the Hadamard transform matrix.Unlike traditional SPI schemes,this new method recovers images by correlating single-pixel signals with synchronized transformed patterns of Hadamard bases that are actually projected onto the digital micromirror device.Each transform pattern is obtained through the inverse Fourier transform of the pattern acquired by Gaussian filtering of each Hadamard basis in the frequency domain.The proposed scheme is based on a typical SPI experimental setup and does not add any hardware complexity,enabling the transformation of Hadamard matrices and image reconstruction through data processing alone.Therefore,this approach could be considered as an alternative option for achieving fast SPI in a diffraction-limited imaging system,without the need for additional hardware.

Improvement of energy resolution of x-ray transition-edge sensor using K-means algorithm and Wiener filter

We develop an x-ray Ti/Au transition-edge sensor(TES)with an Au absorber deposited on the center of TES and improved its energy resolution using the K-means clustering algorithm in combination with Wiener filter.We firstly extract the main parameters of each recorded pulse trace,which are adopted to classify these traces into several clusters in the K-means clustering algorithm.Then real traces are selected for energy resolution analysis.Following the baseline correction,the Wiener filter is used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio.Although the silicon underneath the TES has not been etched to reduce the thermal conductance,the energy resolution of the developed x-ray TES is improved from 94 eV to 44 eV at 5.9 keV.

Meta-Learning Multi-Scale Radiology Medical Image Super-Resolution

High-resolution medical images have important medical value,but are difficult to obtain directly.Limited by hardware equipment and patient’s physical condition,the resolution of directly acquired medical images is often not high.Therefore,many researchers have thought of using super-resolution algorithms for secondary processing to obtain high-resolution medical images.However,current super-resolution algorithms only work on a single scale,and multiple networks need to be trained when super-resolution images of different scales are needed.This definitely raises the cost of acquiring high-resolution medical images.Thus,we propose a multi-scale superresolution algorithm using meta-learning.The algorithm combines a metalearning approach with an enhanced depth of residual super-resolution network to design a meta-upscale module.The meta-upscale module utilizes the weight prediction property of meta-learning and is able to perform the super-resolution task of medical images at any scale.Meanwhile,we design a non-integer mapping relation for super-resolution,which allows the network to be trained under non-integer magnification requirements.Compared to the state-of-the-art single-image super-resolution algorithm on computed tomography images of the pelvic region.The meta-learning multiscale superresolution algorithm obtained a surpassing of about 2%at a smaller model volume.Testing on different parts proves the high generalizability of our algorithm.Multi-scale super-resolution algorithms using meta-learning can compensate for hardware device defects and reduce secondary harm to patients while obtaining high-resolution medical images.It can be of great use in imaging related fields.

Microcapillary cell extrusion deposition with picolitre dispensing resolution

Extrusion-based cell deposition has become a prominent technique for expanding bioprinting applications.However,the associated print resolution in the order of nanolitre or above has been a limiting factor.The demand for improving print resolution towards the scale of a single cell has driven the development of precision nozzle extrusion,although the benefits gained remain ambiguous.Here,aided by in situ imaging,we investigated the dynamics of cell organisation through an extrusion-based microcapillary tip with picolitre precision through in-air or immersion deposition.The microcapillary extrusion setup,termed‘Picodis’,was demonstrated by generating droplets of colouring inks immersed in an immiscible medium.Next,using 3T3 fibroblast cells as an experimental model,we demonstrated the deposition of cell suspension,and pre-aggregated cell pellets.Then,the dynamic organisation of cells within the microcapillary tip was described,along with cell ejection and deposition upon exiting the tip opening.The vision-assisted approach revealed that when dispersed in a culture medium,the movements of cells were distinctive based on the flow profiles and were purely driven by laminar fluid flow within a narrow tip.The primary process limitations were cell sedimentation,aggregation and compaction,along with trapped air bubbles.The use of picolitre-level resolution microcapillary extrusion,although it provides some level of control for a small number of cells,does not necessarily offer a reliable method when a specified number of cells are required.Our study provides insights into the process limitations of high-resolution cell ink extrusion,which may be useful for optimising biofabrication processes of cell-laden constructs for biomedical research.