Analysis of the Spectral Resolving Power in Tomographic Imaging Spectrometry

From the point of view of design requirements, influence of the width of the output image of an imaging subsystem in a tomographic imaging spectrometer, namely width of the slit, the grating and the size of the CCD pixel are analyzed. For the tomographic imaging spectrometry, if the amplification ratio of the imaging subsystem is not high enough to make the whole object to be compressed within the slit, then either the slit width should be increased or the slit width kept unchanged but scanned to receive information of the object. While the width-increase method reduces the spectral resolving power and the SNR; the scanning method reduces the SNR. Analysis of the two cases and computer simulation results are given.

Multi-Modality Medical Image Fusion Based on Wavelet Analysis and Quality Evaluation

Multi-modality medical image fusion has more and more important applications in medical image analysis and understanding. In this paper, we develop and apply a multi-resolution method based on wavelet pyramid to fuse medical images from different modalities such as PET-MRI and CT-MRI. In particular, we evaluate the different fusion results when applying different selection rules and obtain optimum combination of fusion parameters.

Assessment of genetic diversity in Dalbergia sissoo clones through RAPD profiling

We studied the genetic polymorphism among 29 clones of shisham （Dalbergia sissoo Roxb） belonging to different geographic regions using random amplified polymorphic DNA （RAPD） markers. Out of 30 primers used, only 20 primers generated polymorphism in amplified product. In total 232 bands were amplified with 20 primers, of which 192 （82%） were polymorphic with an average of 9.6 bands/primer. The resolving power （Rp） ranged from 2.14 （Primer 5） to 11.93 （Primer 4）. Primer 4 and Primer 3 possessed high Rp value. Polymorphism information content （PIC） ranged from 0.15 （Primer 5） to 0.37 （Primer 4）. Primer 4 amplified total 18 bands in 29 genotypes with PIC value of 0.37 hence; this set of primer was most informative. The similarity coefficient analysis revealed two clusters. The first cluster comprised of only 10 clones and the second major cluster comprised of 19 clones. The genetic similarity among 29 clones ranged from 25.86% （clone 10 and 235） to 100% （clone 19 and 59）, suggesting a wide genetic base in shisham clones.

Modified Multi-Resolution Telescopic Search Algorithm for Block-Matching Motion Estimation

This paper presents a modified multi-resolution telescopic search algorithm (MRTlcSA) for the block-matching motion estimation. A novel inverse telescopic search is substituted for the conventional telescopic search, that reduces the on-chip memory size and memory bandwidth for VLSI implementation. In addition, strategies of motion track and adaptive search window are applied to reduce the computational complexity of motion estimation. Simulation results show that, compared with the MRTleSA, the proposed algorithm reduces the computational load to only 30% while preserving almost the same image quality. Comparisons on hardware cost and power consumption of the VLSI implementations using the two algorithms are also presented in the paper.

Frequency domain based super-resolution method for mixed-resolution multi-view images

Super-resolution (SR) techniques, which are based on single or multi-frame low-resolution (LR) images, have been extensively investigated in the last two decades. Mixed-resolution multiview video format plays an important role in three-dimensional television (3DTV) coding scheme. Previous work considers multiview or multi-camera images and videos at the same resolution, which performs well under the planar model without or with little projection error among the videos captured by different cameras. In recent years, several researchers have discussed the SR problem in mixed-resolution multi-view video format, where the superresolved image is created using the up-sampled version of the LR image and the high frequency components extracted from the warped image in the adjacent high-resolution (HR) views. Unfortunately, the output HR images suffer from artifacts caused by depth error. To obtain the detailed texture and edge information from the HR image as much as possible, while preserving the structure of the LR image, a novel SR reconstruction algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is composed of three components: the structure term, the detail information term, and the regularization term. The first term preserves the structure similarity of the LR image; the second term extracts detailed information from the adjacent HR image; and the last term ensures the uniqueness of the solution. Experimental results show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed algorithm, which achieves high performance both subjectively and objectively. © 2016 Beijing Institute of Aerospace Information.

Wavelet-Based Mixed-Resolution Coding Approach Incorporating with SPT for the Stereo Image

With the advances of display technology, three-dimensional(3-D) imaging systems are becoming increasingly popular. One way of stimulating 3-D perception is to use stereo pairs, a pair of images of the same scene acquired from different perspectives. Since there is an inherent redundancy between the images of a stereo pairs, data compression algorithms should be employed to represent stereo pairs efficiently. The proposed techniques generally use block-based disparity compensation. In order to get the higher compression ratio, this paper employs the wavelet-based mixed-resolution coding technique to incorporate with SPT-based disparity-compensation to compress the stereo image data. The mixed-resolution coding is a perceptually justified technique that is achieved by presenting one eye with a low-resolution image and the other with a high-resolution image. Psychophysical experiments show that the stereo image pairs with one high-resolution image and one low-resolution image provide almost the same stereo depth to that of a stereo image with two high-resolution images. By combining the mixed-resolution coding and SPT-based disparity-compensation techniques, one reference (left) high-resolution image can be compressed by a hierarchical wavelet transform followed by vector quantization and Huffman encoder. After two level wavelet decompositions, for the low-resolution right image and low-resolution left image, subspace projection technique using the fixed block size disparity compensation estimation is used. At the decoder, the low-resolution right subimage is estimated using the disparity from the low-resolution left subimage. A full-size reconstruction is obtained by upsampling a factor of 4 and reconstructing with the synthesis low pass filter. Finally, experimental results are presented, which show that our scheme achieves a PSNR gain (about 0.92dB) as compared to the current block-based disparity compensation coding techniques.

Research on Spatial Statistical Downscaling Method of Meteorological Data Applied to Photovoltaic Prediction

Aiming at the low spatial resolution of meteorological data output from a numerical model in photovoltaic power prediction,a geographically weighted statistical downscaling method considers the influence factors such as normalized vegetation index(NDVI),digital elevation model(DEM),slope direction,longitude and latitude is proposed.This method is based on the correlation between meteorological data and NDVI,DEM,slope direction,latitude and longitude,and introduces DEM and local Moran index to improve the regression model,and obtains 100∗100 m high-resolution meteorological spatial distribution data.Finally,combining the measured data of the study area and the established EOF iterative downscaling method to verify and compare the downscaling results.The results show that the error between the downscaled meteorological data and the measured value is smaller,and the comprehensive downscaling accuracy of the geographically weighted regression method is higher,and the model fitting effect is better.Therefore,this method can effectively improve the influence of errors caused by lower resolution,and provide a more reliable meteorological basis for the prediction of photovoltaic power.

Symbol recognition and automatic conversion in GIS vector maps

Symbols are considered as the language of a map;hence,accurate understanding of the meaning of symbols is crucial when obtaining geographical information from a map： the symbolisation of spatial data is of key importance in cartography.A geographical information system（GIS） provides a convenient mapping platform and powerful functions for spatial data symbolisation,while the presence of various mapping standards impedes the understanding of maps and sharing of map information.On the other hand,the available GIS platforms find it difficult to deal with automatic conversion between maps and different mapping standards.To resolve this problem,an approach for symbol recognition and automatic conversion is proposed,and a conversion system based on the approach and the Arc GIS Engine platform is developed to realise automatic conversion between maps produced based on different mapping standards.To test these conversion effects of the proposed system,the petroleum sector is chosen as the research field and the mutual conversion of a map in practical work among the three mapping standards（i.e.the Chinese Petroleum,Shell and USGS standards） governing this field is taken as a casestudy.The results show that the conversion system has a high conversion accuracy and strong applicability.

Evaluations on aero-optic effects of subsonic airborne electro-optical system

A simple method based on CFD code and Matlab from CFD code due to the changes of such factors is introduced as an input to Matlab. The overall for aero-optic effects is presented. Density fluctuation as altitude, speed, equipment location, and wavelength calculations are in Matlab. The results show that the performance of electro-optical （EO） system can be improved when the altitude increasing, the speed is as slowly as possible, and the equipment location moves to the leading edge of the airborne platform as far as possible, for the wavelength there is an optimum one when the indexes of contrast and resolution of the system are both considered. All of these methods can minimize the optical aberrations. Several numerical simulations demonstrate the method.

Research on direction recognizing and subdividing method for moire (interference) fringes

A new direction recognizing and subdividing method for moire (interference) fringes is presented. By setting two certain thresholds, counting errors caused by direct voltage excursion are avoided. Counting and direction recognizing are discussed in detail. Experimental results are given. The better adaptability and large subdivision number are the good quality of this method.

Simple and robust digital holography for high-resolution imaging

Based on the point spread function of holographic system, the lateral resolution of digital holographic imaging system without any pre-magnification is studied. The expression of resolution limitation of holo-graphic imaging system is thus presented. We investigate the possibilities to improve the lateral resolution. The simple experimental setup with an off-axis arrangement is built. By using a U.S. Air Force （USAF） test target as microscopic object, the recorded holograms are reconstructed digitally based on the principle of Fresnel diffraction. The lateral resolution of 2.76 μm without any pre-magnification is demonstrated experimentally, which matches the theoretical prediction well.

Programmable super-resolution pupil phase filter with a deformable mirror

Compared with binary diffractive super-resolving elements, programmable super-resolution pupil filters permit the analysis of various filter designs and allow the filters to be changed rapidly to modify the response of an optical system. In this Letter, a deformable mirror is employed as a programmable super-resolution pupil phase filter. Continuous phase-only filters based on the Zernike polynomial series are designed by the genetic algorithm and fitted through closed-loop adaptive optics with a piezoelectric deformable mirror. Experimental superresolution results are in agreement with the theoretical predictions. This method has no polarization light requirement and is convenient for application.

ns-scaled time-coding method for real-time 3D super-resolution range-gated imaging

We present a method of time coding with ABAB synchronization timing control for real-time 3D superresolution range-gated imaging （3DSRGI）. To meet the high precision of time delay and pulse width in ABAB synchronization time sequencing, phase shift is implemented to achieve ns-scaled delay and width accuracy without restoring to high clock frequencies. Theoretical analysis and experiments prove that 1 ns delay and width precision is obtained by our timing control unit based on a single field-programmable gate array with 5 ns clock cycle. Finally, a prototype experiment of 3DSRGI is demonstrated at a 10 Hz video rate with 696 pixels × 520 pixels.

Read-only memory disk with AgO_x super-resolution mask layer

A novel read-only memory （ROM） disk with an AgOx mask layer was proposed and studied in this letter, The AgOg, films sputtered on the premastered substrates, with pits depth of 50 nm and pits length of 380 nm, were studied by an atomic force microscopy. Tile transmittances of these AgOx films were also measured by a spectrophotometer. Disk measurement was carried out by a dynamic setup with a laser wavelength of 632.8 nm and a lens numerical aperture （NA） of 0.40. The readout resolution limit of this setup was λ/（4NA） （400 nm）. Results showed that the super-resolution readout happened only when the oxygen flow ratios were at suitable values for these disks. The best super-.resolution performance was achieved at the oxygen flow ratio of 0.5 with the smoothest fihn surface. The super-resolution readout mechanism of these ROM disks was analyzed as well.

Methods of calibration to optical trapping force upon non-spherical cells

The dynamical equation of a trapping cell is solved to find calibration methods for the trapping force, and two methods are compared by synthetic experiment data. Results indicate that： Boltzmann distribution method （BDM） is available for the force calibration of non-spherical or anisotropic cells in arbitrary trap potential; the mean square displacement method （MSDM） is available only for a symmetric harmonic optical trap. The spatial resolution requirement of the calibration system is about a nanometer. The results agree with the reported experiments.

Gauss-Newton based kurtosis blind deconvolution of spectroscopic data

The spectroscopic data recorded by dispersion spectrophotometer are usually degraded by the response function of the instrument. To improve the resolving power, double or triple cascade spectrophotometer and narrow slits have been employed, but the total flux of the radiation decreases accordingly, resulting in a lower signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） and a longer measuring time. However, the spectral resolution can be improved by mathematically removing the effect of the instrument response function. Based on the ShalviWeinstein criterion, a Gauss-Newton based kurtosis blind deconvolution algorithm for spectroscopic data is proposed. Experiments with some real measured Raman spectroscopic data show that this algorithm has excellent deconvolution capability.

Light energy matching method in high-resolution image reconstruction

Many approaches for high-resolution image reconstruction have been proposed in some literatures. One of the most commonly ways is to reconstruct a high-resolution image from a number of rotated and translated images with low resolution. In this process, the exposure difference among original images will decrease the quality of the reconstructed image. In order to remove the influence of the exposure difference, a light energy matching method is proposed in this paper. The theoretical analysis is illustrated in details. Experimental results show that the theoretical analysis is correct and the proposed method is valid.