Determination of Potassium Ferrocyanide in Foods by Resonance Rayleigh Scattering Method with Basic Triaminotriphenylmethane Dyes

In this work, a sensitive, rapid and simple method for the determination of trace amounts of potassium ferrocyanide in salinized foods and table salt using EV as a RRS probe is established. The detection limit （3σ） of the EV system is 7.8 ng/mL. This new method is more suitable for the determination of the trace amounts of potassium ferrocyanide in colour salinized foods and it can not be disturbed by the color of salinized foods.

Determination of sodium hyaluronate with some basic bisphenylnaphthylmethane dyes by resonance Rayleigh scattering method

In an acetic acid–sodium acetate buffer solution of pH 3.6–6.8, a compound complex was formed between sodium hyaluronate (abbreviated as SH) and some basic bisphenylnaphthylmethane dyes, leading to a great enhancement of the intensity of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) and giving a new RRS spectrum, with its maximum scattering peak near 280 nm. It was also found that the intensity of RRS was directly proportional to the concentration of SH near the range between 0 and 3.0 mg/L. Based on these facts, a sensitive method for the determination of SH has been established. The method had good selectivity, and has been used for the determination of total amounts of SH in samples with satisfactory results. For the NB–SH system, the detection limit of SH was down to 13.7 ng/mL.

Resonance Rayleigh Scattering and Resonance Nonlinear Scattering Methods for Determination of Methylene Blue with 12-Tungstophosphoric Acid

In a pH=0.65―1.5 NaAc-HCl medium, methylene blue（MB） reacts with 12-tungstophosphoric acid （TPA） by virtue of electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic force to form a 3：2 ion-association complex. As a result, the intensities of resonance Rayleigh scattering（RRS）, second-order scattering（SOS） and frequency doubling scatte- ring（FDS） are enhanced greatly. The maximum scattering wavelengths of RRS, SOS and FDS are located at 316, 647 and 311 nm. The increments of scattering intensity（△I） are directly proportional to the concentration of MB in a certain range. The methods exhibited high sensitivity, and the detection limits（3s） for MB are 2.3 ng/mL（RRS method）, 5.6 ng/mL（SOS method） and 6.4 ng/mL（FDS method）, respectively. The effects of coexisting substances have been examined, and the results indicate that the methods have good selectivity. Based on the above researches, a new spectral method for the determination of trace amounts of MB has been developed. It can be applied to the determination of MB in human serum, and the recoveries are 97.5%―105.0%. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by the pharmacopoeia method. In this work, the optimum conditions of the reaction and the influencing factors were investigated. In addition, the reaction mechanism and the reasons of the enhancement of resonance light scattering were discussed.

Determination of Matrine and Oxymatrine in Radix Sophorae Flavescentis by Resonance Rayleigh Scattering, Second-order Scattering and Frequency Doubling Scattering Technique

In 0.1 mol/L HCl medium, 12-tungstophosphoric（TP） acid reacted with matrine（Mat） and oxymatrine（Oxy） to form an ion-association complex. As a result, the new spectra of resonance Rayleigh scattering（RRS）, second-order scattering（SOS） and frequency doubling scattering（FDS） appeared and their intensities were enhanced greatly. The maximum scattering wavelengths of RRS, SOS and FDS were located at 370, 670 and 390 nm, respectively. The in-crements of scattering intensity were directly proportional to the concentration of Mat and Oxy in a certain range. Based on this, the method for the determination of matrine and oxymatrine has been established. It has been applied to the determination of matrine and oxymatrine in samples of Radix sophorae flavescentis with satisfactory result. The reaction mechanism and reasons of RRS enhancement were discussed.

Interaction Between Mitoxantrone Metal Complex and Titan Yellow by Resonance Rayleigh Scattering Spectra and Its Analytical Application

In a pH 2.4 Britton-Robinson buffer medium, the anthracycline antibiotics mitoxantrone（MXT） could react with metal ions such as Pd（Ⅱ）, Co（Ⅱ） and Cu（Ⅱ） to form 1：2（molar ratio） cationic chelates, which further reacted with the anionic dye titan yellow to form 1：2 ternary ion-association complexes by electrostatic interaction. As a result, the intensity of resonance Rayleigh scattering（RRS） was enhanced greatly. These RRS spectral characteristics of various metal ion systems were similar, and the maximum RRS wavelengths were all located at 454 nm. But the increments of RRS intensities were different in the series of Pd（Ⅱ）〉Co（Ⅱ）〉Cu（Ⅱ）. The enhanced RRS intensities were proportional to the concentration of MXT in a range of 0.03-2.4μg/mL and the detection limit（3σ） was 0.009μg/mL for the Pd（Ⅱ） system. In this study, the optimum conditions of the reactions and the effects of foreign substances were investigated, in addition, the composition and reaction mechanism of ion-association complexes were discussed. Thus a highly sensitive, simple and rapid method is proposed for the determination of MXT in urine and serum samples.

Study on Resonance Rayleigh Scattering Spectra of Mercaptopurine-Cu(II)-Nucleic Acid System

In pH 4.8 Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solution, Mercaptopurine (MP) could react with Cu(II) to form stable chelate compound, a new Resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) spectrum generated and enhanced for the binary system which the highest peak located at 453 nm as detection wavelength. But the RRS spectra could be quenched after adding her- ring milt DNA (hsDNA), salmon milt DNA (sDNA) and calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) into the binary system, respect- tively. And the weakened degree of spectra was directly proportional to the concentration of DNA. The reaction product of three nucleic acid system have identical spectral features, their range of linearity for the relation of spectral intensity with concentration respectively are 0.05 - 0.9 μg.mL-1 for hsDNA, 0.1 - 0.9 μg.mL-1 for sDNA and 0.3 - 0.9 μg.mL-1 for ctDNA;their detection limit respectively are 5 ng.mL-1for hsDNA, 6 ng.mL-1for sDNA, 6 ng?mL-1 for ctDNA. So a new method for determination of DNA was developed and successfully applied to determine the content of the DNA in artificial synthetized samples. At the same time the spectral features of absorption spectra and RRS spectra of the three reaction system, and the eligible reaction conditions and influencing factors were investigated in this paper.

A study on resonance Rayleigh scattering spectra of Humic Acid (HA)

This paper deals with the influences of pH, acidity and ionic intensity of the solutions on the resonance Rayleigh scattering spectra and fluorescence spectra of humic acid. When the pH value is low and the acidity and ionic intensity are high, the resonance Rayleigh spectra and fluorescence spectra both show a tendency of increasing, though the former's intensity is much higher. In combination with the transmission electron microscope data, the factors leading to the occurrence and enhancement of the resonance Rayleigh scattering spectra of humic acid were explored. It is considered that particle enlargement caused by aggregation, the increase of heterogeneity, the increase of hydrophobility, the formation of interface, etc., are the factors leading to the occurrence and enhancement of the resonance Rayleigh scattering spectra of humic acid. As the intensity of the resonance Rayleigh scattering spectra of humic acid is much higher, resonance Rayleigh scattering spectroscopy can be used as a newly developed spectrum technology, which is more sensitive and simpler, to study humic acid and its complicated behaviors.

核酸-某些碱性三苯甲烷染料体系的RRS及其分析应用

在Tris缓冲溶液中 ,核酸能与某些碱性三苯甲烷染料如乙基紫 (EthylViolet,EV)、结晶紫 (CrystalViolet,CV)和甲基紫 (MethylViolet,MV)结合而使共振瑞利散射 (RRS)急剧增强并产生新的RRS光谱 .以鲱鱼精DNA (HerringSpermDNA ,hsDNA)为例考察了其相应的光谱特征、影响因素和适宜的反应条件 ,体系均在hsDNA浓度为 0～ 2 0μg/mL时与散射强度呈直线关系 ,方法具有较高的灵敏度 ,其检出限 (3σ)分别为 4 7ng/mL(EV hsDNA体系 ) ,13 0ng/mL (CV hsDNA体系 )和 12 2ng/mL (MV hsDNA体系 ) .考察了某些共存物质的影响 ,并用于合成样品中核酸的测定 。

血清蛋白与SDS作用的RRS研究及应用

在酸性 clark-lubs缓冲溶液中 ,十二烷基磺酸钠 (SDS)与牛血清白蛋白结合 ,使体系的共振 Rayleigh散射信号显著增强 .研究了相应的光谱特征 ,影响因素和适宜的反应条件 .在此条件下 ,几种血清蛋白质在一定浓度范围内与共振 Rayleigh散射信号增强呈线性关系 ,建立了定量测定蛋白质的新方法 .该法操作简便、灵敏度高、线性范围宽以及重现性较好 ,可用于多种蛋白质的测定 .本法应用于人血清样品以及合成样品中蛋白质的定量分析 ,结果满意 .

利福霉素类抗生素-Cu(Ⅱ)-核酸体系的RRS光谱研究

在Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液中,利福霉素类药物与ctDNA反应的适宜的pH范围是1.9～2.1.此类药物本身有微弱RRS峰,它们具有相似的光谱特征,其散射峰均在290和370nm附近;而ctDNA的RRS峰在310nm处.两者反应形成结合产物后其RRS明显增强,并在375nm左右出现最大散射峰,且有不同程度的红移和散射增强,说明两者结合成新的产物;加入Cu2+离子后,Cu2+与利福霉素抗生素及DNA形成三元复合物,此时将导致RRS进一步剧增,而且RRS光谱增强值与DNA浓度呈正比,因而可用于DNA测定具有较高的灵敏度,实验对ctDNA的检出限为9.7ng/mL(RFSV-Cu2+-ctDNA体系).文中研究了三元配合物反应的适宜条件和影响因素,基于此反应发展了一种用RRS技术测定DNA的新方法.

溴代十六烷基吡啶光谱探针RRS法测定硫酸皮肤素

研究了溴代十六烷基吡啶与硫酸皮肤素发生缔合反应的条件、共振瑞利散射特征。结果表明,在pH5.0的BR缓冲溶液中,硫酸皮肤素能与溴代十六烷基吡啶形成离子缔合物,使共振瑞利散射RRS急剧增强并产生新的RRS光谱。硫酸皮肤素浓度在0.015μg/mL^2.5μg/mL之间与散射强度呈线性关系,方法具有较高的灵敏度,其检出限(3σ)为4.5ng/mL,还研究了共存物质的影响,表明该方法选择性较好。该法用于血样和尿样中硫酸皮肤素含量的测定,结果令人满意。

基于RRS的人血清白蛋白快速检测系统设计

在临床中人血清白蛋白浓度的快速检测对多种重大疾病的诊断具有重要意义,而现有的医疗检测设备普遍存在体积大、测试周期长、操作复杂等缺点,设计研究一种快速的、高精度的便携式人血清白蛋白浓度检测系统具有非常广阔的应用前景。设计了基于共振瑞利散射光谱分析的人血清白蛋白浓度检测系统。由于人血清白蛋白与四氨基酞菁铜反应产生的溶液在475.0nm处具有共振瑞利散射增强的效果,从而构建了共振瑞利散射强度与人血清白蛋白浓度的函数。实验采用紫外半导体激光器与475.0nm窄带滤光片联用,配合高增益光电探测器采集散射光信号。采用不同浓度的四氨基酞菁铜溶液分别对不同浓度的人血清白蛋白进行检测,实验结果显示,响应电压会随人血清白蛋白浓度的提高而明显增大,而对四氨基酞菁铜的浓度变化并不敏感;散射光产生的响应电压与人血清白蛋白浓度在0.1~1.0μg·mL^(-1)范围内基本满足线性变化,满足快速检测的设计要求。

用RRS光谱和“同原射线计量分析法”同时测定D-和L-色氨酸对映异构体

基于β-环糊精（β-CD）与D-和L-色氨酸对映体形成包结物的光谱差异，利用共振瑞利散射光谱（RRS）和二级散射光谱（SOS）进行分析，采用双组分信号响应形成的两条同原射线进行计量分析，建立了同时测定β-CD包结的D-和L-色氨酸对映异构体的新方法。RRS和SOS对D-和L-色氨酸对映异构体的β-CD包结物测定的线性范围为0～5×10^-5mol／L，方法的检出限均在3．1×10^-8～2．8×10^-7mol／L范围，相对标准偏差（RSD）在2．1％～3．0％之间。本法与荧光光谱和紫外光谱方法对照，结果令人满意。

Determination of Potassium Ferrocyanide in Foods by Resonance Rayleigh Scattering Method with Double-Charged Triaminotriphenylmethane Dyes

In pH 1.0 acidic medium, double-charged triaminotriphenylmethane dyes such as methyl green （MEG） and iodine green （IG） react with potassium ferrocyanide to form 2 ： 1 ion-association complexes by virtue of electrostatic forces and hydrophobic interaction. It results in the change of absorption and the great enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering （RRS） and the appearance of new RRS spectra. Two systems have similar spectral characteristics and their maximum RRS wavelengths are all located at 276 nm and smaller peaks are located at 332 and 457 nm, respectively. The intensity of RRS is directly proportional to the concentration of [Fe（CN）6]^4- in the range of 0.03-5.7 μg·mL^-1 （MeG system） or 0.04-5.9 μg·mL^-1 （IG system）. The RRS method has high sensitivity and the detection limit （3σ） for potassium ferrocyanide is 9.3 ng·mL^-1 （MeG system） or 11.2 ng·mL^-1 （IG system）. The optimum conditions, influencing factors and effects of foreign substances are investigated. The method also has a good selectivity. A sensitive, rapid and simple RRS method for the determination of potassium ferrocyanide in salinized food and table salt has been developed.

简单灵敏的GO-RRS-ET法测定氨基酸

在pH 7.2 KH_2PO_4-NaOH缓冲液和85℃水浴加热的条件下,氨基酸与茚三酮生成蓝紫色的产物罗曼紫(RP)使氧化石墨烯(GO)在400 nm处产生的RRS峰强度降低,这是由于作为供体的GO与作为受体的RP之间发生了RRS能量转移(RRS-ET)所致。随着氨基酸浓度增加,生成的RP增加,RRS-ET增强,400 nm处RRS峰强度线性降低,其降低值在1.33μmol/L^200μmol/L氨基酸浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,据此建立一种简便、快速、灵敏、选择性高的测定痕量氨基酸的RRS-ET新方法,检测限1.0μmol/L。该方法用于马蹄中氨基酸的检测,测得马蹄果肉氨基酸含量为2.847 mg/g,马蹄皮氨基酸含量为1.094 mg/g,可为马蹄深加工提高有益参考。

Resonance Rayleigh scattering spectral characteristics of interaction of nucleic acids with some cationic surfactants and their analytical applications

In near neutral medium, the resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) intensities of an alone cationic surfactant and nucleic acid are very weak. However, when they combine with each other to form a complex, the RRS intensity of the solution is enhanced greatly. In this paper the reactions of five cationic surfactants with nucleic acids have been studied. The results show that the reaction conditions and RRS spectral characteristics of these reactions are similar, but their sensitivities are obviously different. Among them, the sensitivity of cetyldimethyl benzylammonium chloride (CDBAC) with an aryl and large molecular weight is the highest, while that of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) without aryl and with small molecular weight is the lowest. The detection limits for ctDNA and yRNA of the former are 6.6 and 29.4 ng@mL?1, while that of the latter are 13.3 and 53.6 ng@mL?1. The method has better selectivity and can be applied to the determination of trace amounts of nucleic acids. Furthermore, it is discovered in the investigation that not only the RRS intensity is related to the structure and molecular weight of the cationic surfactants, but also the change of the RRS intensity is closely related to the conformational change of nucleic acid. Therefore, the RRS method can be expanded to become a useful way to study the nucleic acid conformation.

Absorption and Rayleigh scattering and resonance Rayleigh scattering spectra of [HgX_2]_n nanoparticles

The composition and existing species of the reaction production of Hg2+ and X- (X= Cl, Br and l) under different conditions, and their absorption, Rayleigh scattering (RS) and resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) spectra have been studied. The results show that the products exist in the form of nanoparticles as [HgX2]n aggregates under suitable conditions, and their average diameters increase with the increase of X- diameters. The diameters of [HgCl2]n [HgBr2]n and [Hgl2]n are less than 4 nm, equal to 9 nm and 70 nm respectively. There are bathchromic shifts gradually with the increase of X- diameters in their absorption spectra. The absorption bands of [HgCl2]n and [HgBr2]n locate at ultraviolet region. However, the absorption band of [Hgl2]n is obvious in visible light region. Among three particles, only [Hgl2]n exhibits a strong RRS and its scattering peak is at 580 nm. The main reasons leading to the enhancement of resonance scattering are the large size of nanoparticle, the formation of the interface and the location of light scattering in the absorption band. There are three important factors affecting resonance scattering spectrum: the quanta colored effect and molecular absorption spectrum of [Hgl2]n nanoparticle as well as instrumental factors which mainly include the light source's emission spectral characteristics and the signal response curve of detector.

Study on the interaction between diphenhydramine and erythrosin by absorption,fluorescence and resonance Rayleigh scattering spectra

In pH 4.5 Britton-Robinson(BR)buffer solution,erythrosin(ET)can react with diphenhydramine(DP)to form a 1:1 ion-association complex,which not only results in the change of the absorption spectra,but also results in the great enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering(RRS)and the quenching of fluorescence.Furthermore,a new RRS spectrum will appear,and the maximum RRS wavelength was located at about 580 nm.In this work,the spectral characteristics of the absorption,fluorescence and RRS,the optimum conditions of the reaction and the properties of an analytical chemistry were inves- tigated.A sensitive,simple and new method for the determination of DP by using erythrosin as a probe has been developed.The detection limits for DP were 0.0020μg/mL for RRS method,0.088μg/mL for absorption method and 0.094μg/mL for fluorophotometry.There was a linear relationship between the absorbance,RRS and fluorescence intensities and the drug concentration in the range of 0.0067-2.0, 0.29-6.4 and 0.31-3.2μg/mL,respectively.The effects of the interaction of diphenhydramine and erythrosin on the absorption,fluorescence and resonance Rayleigh scattering spectra were discussed. In light polarization experiment,the polarization of RRS at maximum wavelength was measured to be P =0.9779,and it revealed that the RRS spectrum of DP-ET complex consists mostly of resonance scat- tering and few resonance fluorescence.In this study,enthalpy of formation and mean polarizability were calculated by AM1 quantum chemistry method.In addition,the reaction mechanism and the rea- sons for the enhancement of scattering spectra and the energy transfer between absorption,fluores- cence and RRS were discussed.

Study on the absorption and fluorescence and resonance Rayleigh scattering spectra of Cu (II)-fluoroquinolone chelates with erythrosine and their applications

In pH 4.2-5.0 Britton-Robinson buffer solution medium, fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FLQs), such as ciprofloxacin (CIP), norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin (OF), levofloxacin (LEV), lomefloxacin (LOM), and sparfloxacin (SPA), react with Cu (II) to form chelate cations, which further bind with erythrosine to form the ion association complexes. They can result in the changes of the absorption spectra. Simultane- ously, erythrosine fades obviously and the maximum fading wavelength is located at 526 nm. The fad- ing reactions have high sensitivities. Thus, new spectrophotometries of determination for these drugs are developed. The ion-association reactions result in the quenching of fluorescence, which also have high sensitivities. The detection limits for six antibiotics are in the range of 7.1-12.2 μg·L?1. Furthermore, the reactions can result in the enhancement of resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS). The maximum scattering peaks of six ion-association complexes are located at 566 nm, and there are two small RRS peaks at 333 nm and 287 nm. The detection limits for fluoroquinolone antibiotics are in the range of 1.70 -3.10 μg·L?1 for RRS method. Among the above three methods, the RRS method has the highest sen- sitivity. In this work, we investigated the spectral characteristics of the absorption, fluorescence and RRS, the optimum conditions of the reactions, and the properties of the analytical chemistry. In addi- tion, the mechanism of reactions were discussed by density function theory (DFT) and AM1 methods.

Resonance Rayleigh scattering study of the interaction of bleomycinA_5 with nucleic acids and its analytical application

The interaction of bleomycinA5 with nucleic acids has been investigated byusing resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS),molecular absorption and fluorescence spectra.The resultshows that in near pH 2.2 buffer medium and absence of any metal ions,nucleic acids are capable ofbinding with bleomycinA5 (BLMA5) to form complexes which can remarkably enhance the RRS intensityand result in batho-chromic and hyperchromic molecular absorption of nucleic acids and fluorescencequenching of bleomycinA5.The RRS spectral characteristics for the binding products of bleomycinA5with various DNA and RNA are similar,and the maximum RRS peaks are at 301 nm for ctDNA and sDNA,370nm for hsDNA,310 nm for RNAtypeVI and RNAtypelll,respectively.The increments of RRS intensity aregreatly different in which DNA enhances greatly and RNA enhances lightly.In this work,the optimumconditions of the interaction and some influencing factors have been investigated.The reactionmechanism and a binding model for the interaction of BLMA5 with the nucleic acids are discussed.Inaddition,a highly sensitive,simple and rapid new method for the determination of DNA has beendeveloped.The detection limits (3 sigma) are 5.7 ng/mL for ctDNA,7.4 ng/mL for sDNA and 9.2 ng/mLfor hsDNA,respectively.The method can be applied to determination of trace amounts of DNA.