Soliton molecules and asymmetric solitons of the extended Lax equation via velocity resonance

We investigate the techniques for velocity resonance and apply them to construct soliton molecules using two solitons of the extended Lax equation.What is more,each soliton molecule can be transformed into an asymmetric soliton by changing the parameterφ.In addition,the collision between soliton molecules(or asymmetric soliton)and several soliton solutions is observed.Finally,some related pictures are presented.

MOLECULES AND NEW INTERACTIONAL STRUCTURES FOR A(2+1)-DIMENSIONAL GENERALIZED KONOPELCHENKO-DUBROVSKY-KAUP-KUPERSHMIDT EQUATION

Soliton molecules(SMs)of the(2+1)-dimensional generalized KonopelchenkoDubrovsky-Kaup-Kupershmidt(gKDKK)equation are found by utilizing a velocity resonance ansatz to N-soliton solutions,which can transform to asymmetric solitons upon assigning appropriate values to some parameters.Furthermore,a double-peaked lump solution can be constructed with breather degeneration approach.By applying a mixed technique of a resonance ansatz and conjugate complexes of partial parameters to multisoliton solutions,various kinds of interactional structures are constructed;There include the soliton molecule(SM),the breather molecule(BM)and the soliton-breather molecule(SBM).Graphical investigation and theoretical analysis show that the interactions composed of SM,BM and SBM are inelastic.

Soliton molecules,T-breather molecules and some interaction solutions in the(2+1)-dimensional generalized KDKK equation

By employing the complexification method and velocity resonant principle to N-solitons of the(2+1)-dimensional generalized Konopelchenko–Dubrovsky–Kaup–Kupershmidt(KDKK)equation,we obtain the soliton molecules,T-breather molecules,T-breather–L-soliton molecules and some interaction solutions when N≤6.Dynamical behaviors of these solutions are discussed analytically and graphically.The method adopted can be effectively used to construct soliton molecules and T-breather molecules of other nonlinear evolution equations.The results obtained may be helpful for experts to study the related phenomenon in oceanography and atmospheric science.

Effects of Span Length and Additional Structure on Flow-Induced Transverse Vibration Characteristic of a Cantilevered Rectangular Prism

We consider the effects of the aspect ratio L/H (where L is the length of a prism, and H is the height of a prism normal to the flow direction) and the size of additional structures (which are a plate and a fin on the surface of a prism) on a vibration characteristic of a cantilevered rectangular prism. The present research is intended to support the analysis of energy harvesting research on the flow-induced vibration in water flow using a magnetostrictive phenomenon. The prisms are constructed from stainless steel and mounted elastically to a plate spring attached to the ceiling wall of the water tunnel. The prisms with aspect ratios of L/H ≥ 5 have reasonably identical vibration characteristics. However, the difference in the vibration characteristic appears distinctly on a rectangular prism with an aspect ratio of L/H = 2.5. The rectangular prism with an aspect ratio of L/H = 10 and a side ratio of D/H = 0.2 has a stable and large response amplitude and oscillates with a lower velocity. The length of the added plate and the size of the added fin influence the velocity of vibration onset. If the length of the added plate and fin size on the rectangular prism with D/H = 0.2 becomes large, the curve of the response amplitude shifts to that of the rectangular prism with D/H= 0.5. The response amplitude of the rectangular prism with/without plate or fin is found to be related to the second moment of area of the prism.

Soliton molecules and some novel hybrid solutions for the(2+1)-dimensional generalized Konopelchenko–Dubrovsky–Kaup–Kupershmidt equation

Soliton molecules have become one of the hot topics in recent years. In this article, we investigate soliton molecules and some novel hybrid solutions for the(2+1)-dimensional generalized Konopelchenko–Dubrovsky–Kaup–Kupershmidt(gKDKK) equation by using the velocity resonance, module resonance, and long wave limits methods. By selecting some specific parameters, we can obtain soliton molecules and asymmetric soliton molecules of the gKDKK equation. And the interactions among N-soliton molecules are elastic. Furthermore, some novel hybrid solutions of the gKDKK equation can be obtained, which are composed of lumps,breathers, soliton molecules and asymmetric soliton molecules. Finally, the images of soliton molecules and some novel hybrid solutions are given, and their dynamic behavior is analyzed.

Breather molecules and localized interaction solutions in the(2+1)-dimensional BLMP equation

The(2+1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli(BLMP)equation is an important integrable model.In this paper,we obtain the breather molecule,the breather-soliton molecule and some localized interaction solutions to the BLMP equation.In particular,by employing a compound method consisting of the velocity resonance,partial module resonance and degeneration of the breather techniques,we derive some interesting hybrid solutions mixed by a breather-soliton molecule/breather molecule and a lump,as well as a bell-shaped soliton and lump.Due to the lack of the long wave limit,it is the first time using the compound degeneration method to construct the hybrid solutions involving a lump.The dynamical behaviors and mathematical features of the solutions are analyzed theoretically and graphically.The method introduced can be effectively used to study the wave solutions of other nonlinear partial differential equations.

Soliton molecules for combined mKdV-type bilinear equation

Starting from the multi-soliton solutions obtained by the Hirota bilinear method,the soli ton molecule structures for the combined mKdV-type bilinear equation(Dt+∑n=1NαnDx2n+1)f*·f=0 are investigated using the velocity resonance mechanism.The two-soliton molecules of the mKdV-35 equation and the three-soliton molecules of the mKdV-357 equation are specifically demonstrated in this paper.With particular selections of the involved arbitrary parameters,especially the wave numbers,it is confirmed that,besides the usual multi-bright soliton molecules,the multi-dark soliton molecules and the mixed multibright-dark soliton molecules can also be obtained.In addition,we discuss the existence of the multi-soliton molecules for the combined mKdV-type bilinear equation with more higher order nonlinear terms and dispersions.The results demonstrate that when N≥4,the combined mKdVtype bilinear equation no longer admits soliton molecules comprising more than four solitons.

Novel soliton molecule solutions for the second extend(3+1)-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa equation in fluid mechanics

The main aim of this paper is to investigate the different types of soliton molecule solutions of the second extend(3+1)-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa equation in a fluid.Four different localized waves:line solitons,breather waves,lump solutions and resonance Y-type solutions are obtained by the Hirota bilinear method directly.Furthermore,the molecule solutions consisting of only line waves,breathers or lump waves are generated by combining velocity resonance condition and long wave limit method.Also,the molecule solutions such as line-breather molecule,lump-line molecule,lump-breather molecule,etc.consisting of different waves are derived.Meanwhile,higher-order molecule solutions composed of only line waves are acquired.