Effect of radiation-induced mean wavelength shift in optical fibers on the scale factor of an interferometric fiber optic gyroscope at a wavelength of 1300 nm

In order to analyze the effect of wavelength-dependent radiation-induced attenuation （RIA） on the mean trans- mission wavelength in optical fiber and the scale factor of interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes （IFOGs）, three types of polarization-maintaining （PM） fibers are tested by using a 60Co γ-radiation source. The observed different mean wave- length shift （MWS） behaviors for different fibers are interpreted by color-center theory involving dose rate-dependent absorption bands in ultraviolet and visible ranges and total dose-dependent near-infrared absorption bands. To evaluate the mean wavelength variation in a fiber coil and the induced scale factor change for space-borne IFOGs under low radiation doses in a space environment, the influence of dose rate on the mean wavelength is investigated by testing four germanium （Ge） doped fibers and two germanium-phosphorus （Ge-P） codoped fibers irradiated at different dose rates. Experimental results indicate that the Ge-doped fibers show the least mean wavelength shift during irradiation and their mean wavelength of optical signal transmission in fibers will shift to a shorter wavelength in a low-dose-rate radiation environment. Finally, the change in the scale factor of IFOG resulting from the mean wavelength shift is estimated and tested, and it is found that the significant radiation-induced scale factor variation must be considered during the design of space-borne IFOGs.

Effect of radiation-induced color centers absorption in optical fibers on fiber optic gyroscope for space application

The effects of color centers＇ absorption on fibers and interferometric fiber optical gyroscopes（IFOGs） are studied in the paper. The irradiation induced attenuation（RIA） spectra of three types of polarization-maintaining fibers（PMFs）, i.e.,P-doped, Ge-doped, and pure silica, irradiated at 100 Gy and 1000 Gy are measured in a wavelength range from 1100 nm to1600 nm and decomposed according to the Gaussian model. The relationship of the color centers absorption intensity with radiation dose is investigated based on a power model. Furthermore, the effects of all color centers＇ absorption on RIA and mean wavelength shifts（MWS） at 1300 nm and 1550 nm are discussed respectively. Finally, the random walk coefficient（RWC） degradation induced from RIA and the scale factor error induced by MWS of the IFOG are simulated and tested at a wavelength of 1300 nm. This research will contribute to the applications of the fibers in radiation environments.

Data Analysis and Modeling of Fiber Optic Gyroscope Drift

A data gathering system is designed for the interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (IFOG) of land strapdown inertial system. IFOG is tested and the testing curve is given. The test data of IFOG are analyzed with Allan variance method and each error coefficient is identified. Furthermore, a random drift error model for IFOG is built by the method of time series analysis. The conclusion provides supports for improving IFOG design and compensating for errors of IFOG in practice.

Filtering of long-term dependent fractal noise in fiber optic gyroscope

Stochastic noises of fiber optic gyroscope （FOG） mainly contain white noise and fractal noise whose long-term dependent component causes FOG a rather slow drift. In order to eliminate this component, a two-step filtering methodology is proposed. Firstly, fractional differencing （FD） method is introduced to trans-form fractal noise into fractional white noise based on the estima-tion of Hurst exponent for long-term dependent fractal process, which together with the existing white noise make up of a gener-alized white noise. Further, an improved denoising algorithm of wavelet maxima is developed to suppress the generalized white noise. Experimental results show that the basic noise terms of FOG greatly decrease, and especially the slow drift is restrained effectively. The proposed methodology provides a promising ap-proach for filtering long-term dependent fractal noise.

Suppression of modulation-induced polarization error in spliceless open-loop fiber optic gyroscope [Invited]

The suppression of polarization cross talk in lead zirconate titanate phase modulators as a key error source has been challenging for open-loop fiber optic gyroscopes(FOGs).We developed a polarization-diversity optical frequency domain reflectometry(OFDR)to measure the distributed modulation polarization error in the modulator.The error contributes 8×10^(−6) rad to FOG’s bias instability.Using a UV-fabricated in-fiberλ/4 wave plate and polarization-mode converter with fiber taper technology,the modulation error has been suppressed by 15 dB in assembled FOGs.This approach reduced error with temperature from 25°/h to 0.7°/h,meeting the requirements of control-level gyroscopes with bias errors less than 1°/h.

光纤陀螺仪光纤尾纤装配动力学建模仿真与应力计算方法

光纤陀螺仪(FOG)中光纤尾纤的装配主要依靠工人手工完成,装配应力控制凭借人工经验,一致性难以保障。针对光纤装配应力定量控制的难题,提出一种基于离散微分几何理论的光纤动力学建模仿真方法。首先,基于离散微分几何理论建立了光纤运动学框架,并由弹性势能推导了包含拉伸、弯曲和扭转变形的光纤动力学方程以及应力计算方法。其次,提出了基于Newmark隐式算法的光纤动力学方程数值求解方法,并设计了光纤在装配过程中与周围物体的碰撞检测与响应策略。随后,进行了光纤圆周布设和弯扭变形的仿真测试。结果表明,光纤控制端与固定端之间的自由长度越短,光纤圆周布设的位置越精确;光纤截面半径越大,在同样的扭转角下光纤产生的弯扭变形程度越大。最后,设计了一种光纤陀螺仪装配布局,并通过动力学仿真得到了光纤装配过程的应力分布及最大应力变化,为陀螺仪光路低应力装配与路径规划提供了理论支撑。

谐振式光纤陀螺谐振腔传输模型仿真方法

谐振式光纤陀螺(RFOG)是一种以光纤环形谐振腔为核心敏感器件的惯性传感器。为提高仿真效率和适用性,提出了一种谐振式光纤陀螺快速运算仿真方法,搭建了谐振式光纤陀螺信号处理和闭环控制模型,其中模拟谐振腔多圈干涉耦合采用多核并行运算,包含光场叠加和传递函数两种形式。仿真结果表明所提方法仿真效率较高,平均在16s左右完成仿真,相比于原始模型的锁频程序运行效率提升了57.6%。同时两种仿真形式均适用于精度范围0.0001~1(°)/√h的谐振光纤陀螺仿真,有效适应不同仿真参数的测试要求。其中传递函数形式相较于光场叠加形式仿真效率提升了5.4倍,在±600(°)/s动态范围内标度因数非线性度降低了17%,而光场叠加形式的零偏不稳定性减小到0.652(°)/h,易于观察偏振波动误差特性。

Ultra-small interferometric fiber optic gyroscope with an integrated optical chip

This study proposes a novel interferometric fiber optic gyroscope(IFOG)based on an integrated optical chip,application-specific integrated circuit,and small-diameter sensing coil.The overall size and weight of the prototype are 30 mm × 30 mm ×30 mm and 68 g,respectively,making it the smallest closed-loop IFOG,to the best of our knowledge.A static experiment shows that the bias stability of the integrated IFOG is very close to the theoretical accuracy limit determined by the fiber coil and can satisfy the requirements of near-navigation-grade compact inertial navigation systems.

Near-navigation-grade interferometric fiber optic gyroscope with an integrated optical chip

We present a near-navigation-grade interferometric fiber optic gyroscope(IFOG)based on an integrated optical chip.The chip comprises a light source,a photodiode,and a 3 dB coupler within an area of 48 mm^(2).By interrogating with an integrated optical modulator and a small-diameter sensing coil,the IFOG is realized.This allows for a significant reduction in size,weight,power consumption,and cost.Preliminary performance data of a gyro proto type exhibits 0.018 deg/h bias instability.

Radiation-induced effects in polarization-maintaining optical fibers for interferometric gyroscope

Radiation-induced attenuation （RIA） in four types of polarization-maintaining optical fibers for interfer-ometric fiberoptic gyroscope （IFOG） at 1310 nm is measured. The measurements are conducted during and after steady-state γ-ray irradiation using a 60 Co source in order to observe significantly different RIA behavior and recovery kinetics. Mechanisms involving dopants and manufacturing process are introduced to analyze the RIA discrepancy as well as to guide the choice and hardening of optical fibers during the design of IFOG. Medium-accuracy IFOG using Ge–F-codoped fiber and pure silica core fiber can survive in the space radiation environment.

Reduction of nonreciprocal errors in a differential interferometric fiber optical gyroscope using optically differential processing

The bias stability of differential interferometric fiber optical gyroscope is analyzed.Thermal error causing long-term bias drift are reduced by putting the 90°splice in the middle of the fiber coil and applying a wide spectrum light source.Also,a kind of novel optical differential processing,which is much more precise than the electronic differential processing,is proposed for reducing the residual nonreciprocal error in the final differential output.An experimental setup based on optical differential processing was built.An^100 fold reduction in the long-term bias drift is demonstrated experimentally compared with the primary differential interferometric fiber optical gyroscope.

宽谱光源谐振式光纤陀螺谐振特性分析

为优化宽谱光源谐振式光纤陀螺(RFOG)谐振腔设计,进行了RFOG谐振特性分析。首先,根据光场传输理论完成了宽谱RFOG光场传输特性分析,建立了宽谱RFOG谐振频差曲线模型,给出了谐振特性参数表达式。理论证明了宽谱RFOG的陀螺精细度和半高全宽约为谐振腔光谱曲线的1/2和2倍。其次,基于宽谱RFOG光场理论模型,分析了耦合器交叉耦合系数、附加损耗和谐振腔腔长等谐振腔关键光学参数对陀螺精细度和极限灵敏度的影响。最后,实验验证了谐振特性理论分析的正确性,并通过优化谐振腔参数实现陀螺零偏不稳定性0.059°/h,对谐振式光纤陀螺工程设计具有理论指导意义。

光纤陀螺用集成光收发模块耦合移位对耦合损耗和平均波长的影响研究

集成光收发模块作为集成化光纤陀螺的关键器件之一,能够实现光源、探测器和耦合器等功能,其光路的耦合移位会显著影响光路耦合效率和平均波长,从而影响陀螺的零偏和标度因数等性能。文章对空间光路进行理论建模,使用重叠积分法计算耦合效率;使用Beamprop方法进行仿真分析,得到不同耦合位移下的耦合损耗以及平均波长漂移;最后通过对比实验对理论和仿真情况进行了验证。结果表明,耦合损耗受y轴方向耦合移位的影响最大,平均波长漂移受z轴方向耦合移位的影响最大,并给出了不同耦合损耗下的平均波长漂移,为集成光收发模块的光路耦合及优化工作提供参考。

Y波导温致半波电压特性对谐振式光纤陀螺的影响

针对基于宽谱光源的谐振式光纤陀螺(resonant fiber optic gyroscope, RFOG)中Y波导调制器半波电压的温度影响,开展了Y波导温致半波电压特性对谐振式光纤陀螺影响的研究。建立了Y波导温致半波电压特性对基于宽谱光源的谐振式光纤陀螺系统标度因素的影响规律模型,模型表明:Y波导调制器的温致半波电压特性会导致基于宽谱光源的谐振式光纤陀螺系统的标度因素发生变化。搭建了用于宽谱光源的Y波导调制器半波电压测试系统,系统测试精度达1 mV。实验测试了全温范围内Y波导的温致半波电压特性在基于宽谱光源的谐振式光纤陀螺系统中的影响,测试结果表明:Y波导调制器的半波电压与温度呈线性负相关;Y波导调制器的温致半波电压特性导致基于宽谱光源的谐振式光纤陀螺系统的标度因素的最大相对变化误差为1 266.01×10^(-6)。

基于冗余第二代小波变换的光纤陀螺实时降噪算法研究

提出了一种基于冗余第二代小波变换的光纤陀螺实时降噪算法,该算法直接利用插值补零后的预测器和更新器对信号进行分解和重构,确保逼近信号和细节信号的长度与原始信号相同,避免重构后信号失真。模拟信号和光纤陀螺输出信号的仿真实验结果表明,该算法能够较好地保留信号的时域特征,保证信号的完整性和准确性,不受降噪过程的影响,同时量化噪声降低了约50.23%,角度随机游走降低了约19.14%,零偏不稳定性降低了约53.02%,为光纤陀螺信号处理提供了一种有效的方法。

基于LSTM神经网络的机载光纤陀螺温度冲击误差补偿技术

环境温度冲击会降低机载光纤陀螺的性能,从而影响飞行器导航和姿态控制精度。在光纤陀螺误差机理研究基础上,本文提出一种基于长短期记忆(LSTM)神经网络的光纤陀螺温度误差补偿模型。该模型通过LSTM网络对光纤陀螺的零偏和标度因数进行实时预测和校正,提高光纤陀螺的测量精度。试验结果表明,在温度冲击下,LSTM预测模型补偿后的标度因数误差小于30ppm,零偏稳定性比常规的线性拟合补偿模型提高0.0034(°)/h。这意味着输出更准确地反映实际角速度值,陀螺仪的零偏漂移更小,输出更接近于零值。动态试验中转台输入为20(°)/s时,LSTM补偿后陀螺输出稳定在19.999~20.001(°)/s区间内,相较于陀螺原始输出误差降低0.008(°)/s。通过LSTM预测模型补偿,能够在环境变化、外部扰动或传感器故障时,通过陀螺仪提供更可靠的数据支持,维持飞行器的稳定性和安全性。

干涉式光纤陀螺跨条纹工作误差研究

在干涉式光纤陀螺中,当调制信号超出限制并进行2π复位时,调制信号输入的调制量与输入角速度间出现了2π的相位差,这使实际的干涉相位出现左移或右移2π,即跨条纹工作。在光纤陀螺闭环系统中,跨条纹工作产生的误差体现在随机游走系数和非线性度上。该文通过优化调制方案建立跨条纹误差抵消机制,可使跨条纹产生的误差互相抵消,从而提高光纤陀螺的非线性度和随机游走系数。经过仿真和实验表明该方法有效。

火控雷达伺服系统仿真研究

某型车载火控雷达以直流力矩电机、光纤陀螺为主要器件构成三闭环控制系统。本文利用Matlab对此伺服系统的电流环、速度环以及位置环进行了建模及仿真。最后利用跟踪模拟航路验证了仿真设计的有效性。

基于光纤陀螺的温度补偿模型改进、压缩和FPGA实现

为提高光纤陀螺(FOG)在变温环境下输出误差的补偿精度,在长短期记忆神经网络模型(LSTM)基础上,利用分段非线性粒子群算法(PN-PSO)对LSTM模型超参数寻优,建立PN-PSO-LSTM光纤陀螺温度补偿模型。为有效降低计算和存储开销,便于部署在资源受限的硬件环境中,提出一套适用于光纤陀螺应用场景的模型压缩方案,包括:知识蒸馏、剪枝、激活函数线性化、定点数量化等。最后基于Xilinx公司某芯片完成部署。对比实验结果表明,相较于传统反向传播(BP)模型和传统PSO-LSTM模型,采用所提模型补偿后,陀螺零偏输出均方误差分别降低74.4%和53.5%,模型压缩后在大小减小94.1%的同时,陀螺零偏输出均方误差仍然比传统全精度模型更低,在FPGA实现后对比PC端模型推理速度提升98.47%。

基于嵌入式技术的舰船捷联控制系统基准设计

舰载武器射击精度受到战场环境和气候条件的影响较为显著,舰船的主惯导系统无法解决不同位置武器的实时姿态测量问题。本文对分立式舰载捷联基准系统的结构及工作流程进行研究,提出了一种基于ARM+DSP嵌入式技术的舰船捷联控制系统基准设计方案,设计硬件系统结构,分析闭环光纤陀螺的结构和工作原理,最后对系统进行俯仰角和横摇角的测试,测试结果表明,系统具有较高的测量精度和稳定性。