Riverscape Approach and Forestry Interventions for Ganga River Rejuvenation

Rivers have been degraded globally due to various reasons over centuries and limiting their ecological health and value, including Ganga River in India. Riverscape approach can provide relevant information on riverine resources needed in river restoration programmes. We propose a conceptual riverscape model to rejuvenate the holy river Ganga in India through forestry interventions after due consideration of ecological processes, mosaic of landforms, communities and environment within the large landscape of Ganga basin. The select riverscape area includes the area of 5 km and 2 km on either side of the river Ganga and important tributaries, respectively, all along the rivers in five stakeholder states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, and West Bengal in the country. The width of the riverscape was taken from the maximum bank line in recent years on either side of river in the concerned state. However, all micro-watersheds in the hills of Uttarakhand state, being the origin place of river, have been included in riverscape area up to Haridwar. Here riverscape is a mosaic of different land uses viz., natural ecosystems, rural and agricultural ecosystems and built-up urban environment including flood plain and is an ecologically sustained system developed during the last 30 years due to river meandering all along the river. Geospatial modelling and GIS data on land use pattern, soil erosion rates, slope of the topography, etc. were used to classify riverscape area into high, medium and low priority areas to implement forestry interventions in delineated riverscape. Thereafter, forestry interventions were planned and carried out in three identified landscapes viz., Natural (forests), Agriculture (agroforestry), and Urban along with conservation activities. Forestry interventions in delineated riverscape are expected to increase water recharge and decrease the sedimentation load in the Ganga River and its tributaries.

Delivering forestry courses online:experiences,lessons learned,and future of forestry online education in the Asia Pacifi c

Innovation in forestry education is needed to address changing contexts of the positionality of forests.This is particularly signifi cant in the Asia–Pacifi c region,where deforestation and degradation are high.However,the accessibility of high-quality forestry education to address changing regional and global contexts is lacking.A series of innovative sustainable forest management(SFM)open education resource(OER)courses were developed and implemented to improve the accessibility of SFM education to enhance teaching quality,curriculum,and research capacity of universities in the Asia-Pacifi c Region.To evaluate the SFM-OER program in terms of student experiences,this study investigated student achievement,perceived success of the pedagogical approach and instructional design,and perceived eff ectiveness of the learning activities in promoting active and transformative learning through the assessment of a 1,191-course feedback survey between 2018 and 2020,including the global pandemic.This study revealed that the program attracted diverse student demographics,including a higher proportion of female students majoring in forestry,ecology,and other environmental studies.Their primary motivation to participate in the courses was to gain international experience,followed by the fl exibility of online learning,mandatory course requirements,and earning course credits.Students were satisfi ed with the Canvas learning management system.Most students spent less than 5 to 10 h of their weekly time in the course and agreed or strongly agreed that the workloads were manageable.Students refl ected positively on various learning activities and assignments,such as watching lecture videos,taking quizzes,reading and summarizing,having discussions,and peer review writing.However,they did not clearly prefer specifi c learning activities,signifying the importance of using diverse learning activities to satisfy diverse individual learning styles in online settings.This analysis contributes to the further development of student-centered pedagogical development for online learning and provides insight into the ways forward for online higher forestry education,while repurposing existing OER courses in a post-Covid-19 era.

Countermeasures for the Protection and Sustainable Development of Forestry Resources

Firstly,the problems of the protection and sustainable development of forestry resources were analyzed,such as lack of overall planning for the protection of forestry resources,insufficient investment in the protection of forestry resources,etc.Afterwards,the corresponding countermeasures were proposed,such as making overall planning for sustainable forestry development,increasing the investment in the protection of forestry resources,improving the forestry management system,etc.

Forestry Interventions and Groundwater Recharge, Sediment Control and Carbon Sequestration in the Krishna River Basin

It is a known fact that human activities have a significant impact on global rivers, making the task of rehabilitating them to their former natural state or a more semi-natural state quite challenging. The ongoing initiative called “Rejuvenation of Krishna River through Forestry Interventions” aims to contribute to the overall river rejuvenation program in the country. In this context, the effects of forestry interventions on the Krishna River will be evaluated based on water quantity, water quality, and the potential for carbon sequestration through plantation efforts. To assess the outcomes of this study, various methodologies such as Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN), Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) have been utilized to estimate water savings, reduction in sedimentation, and carbon sequestration potential within the Krishna basin. The projected results indicate that the implementation of forestry plantations and soil and moisture conservation measures in the Krishna River rejuvenation program could lead to significant improvements. Specifically, the interventions are expected to enhance water recharge by 400.49 million cubic meters per year, reduce sedimentation load by 869.22 cubic meters per year, and increase carbon sequestration by 3.91 lakh metric tonnes per year or 14.34 lakh metric tonnes of CO2 equivalent. By incorporating forestry interventions into the Krishna riverscape, it is anticipated that the quality and quantity of water flowing through the river will be positively impacted. These interventions will enhance water infiltration, mitigate soil erosion, and contribute to an improved vegetation cover, thereby conserving biodiversity. Moreover, they offer additional intangible benefits such as addressing climate change concerns through enhanced carbon sequestration potential along the entire stretch of riverine areas.

Research on the Construction of Entrepreneurship Course Clusters for Students in Agriculture and Forestry Universities

Curriculum construction is the key factor in determining the quality of education.The innovation and entrepreneurship course clusters have effectively upgraded entrepreneurship courses in terms of talent cultivation,resource integration,and educational practice.In response to the existing problems and difficulties in the construction of entrepreneurship course clusters in agricultural and forestry universities,suggestions and measures are proposed from macro-,meso-,and micro-level perspectives to reach a consensus on entrepreneurship education,construct interdisciplinary course clusters,and improve the quality and effect of education implementation.This provides a reference for agricultural and forestry universities to construct high-quality entrepreneurship course clusters.

燃烧热测定实验的课程思政设计——农林废弃物的热值测定

燃烧热测定是一个经典的物理化学实验。本案例将燃烧热测定与农林废弃物燃烧发电对接,对实验内容进行了适当调整,让学生了解燃烧热测定对保障发电厂安全运行的重要意义,以及农林废弃物燃烧发电对服务“三农”、乡村振兴和“双碳”战略的重要意义,提高了学生学以致用的能力,激发了学生的学习兴趣,引导学生关心国家能源安全、环境保护、可持续发展和人民的生命健康,对提升学生的能力和素质发挥了良好作用。

面向未来的中国智慧林业:观测仪器体系的演进与发展趋势

森林观测信息的生产是支持智慧林业工作开展的基础和先导。本文以森林观测仪器技术体系的构建历史、现状和未来为切入点,以基础性公共技术的发展脉络为支撑,深入分析森林观测仪器与森林观测需求的耦合程度。传统森林观测仪器体系在时效性和准确性上已经无法满足日益发展的林业调查的需要,观测仪器存在孤立性高、难以集成、操作繁琐、效率低等问题。这主要是由于当前针对森林观测研究偏重对成熟仪器使用和数据分析,观测仪器的研发偏重算法补偿和集成第三方元件,轻物理结构设计等因素造成。面对基本测量原理鲜有更新、森林观测标准制定滞后于新型技术发展等问题,本文从对观测仪器现在和未来的联合模式进行阐述,从逻辑架构到物理技术层面上分析森林观测仪器联合模式可能在未来出现的发展状况与应用前景。最后,基于当前基础性技术发展的趋势,对可能出现的几种新形态的森林观测仪器进行推测,并以此展望在近未来可能在中国实现的一种智能森林观测体系的雏形。

提升林业工程类本科专业创新教育水平的探究与实践——以东北林业大学为例

目前我国林业工程类本科教育仍存在重知识轻实践、科教融合不密切、创新氛围不浓厚、创新教育方法缺乏、学生创新意识不够强烈等问题。为了提升高校创新教育水平,助力“林业工程”一流学科建设、服务行业创新驱动发展,以东北林业大学林业工程类本科专业的创新教育实践为例,从创新教育课程体系设置、提升学生创新意识、培养学生良好的科研素养、增强学生的社会责任感等方面提出了创新教育的改革对策,并列举了林业工程类本科专业的创新教育实践成果,阐述了创新教育改革取得的成效。

“十三五”国家重点研发计划“林业资源培育及高效利用技术创新”重点专项布局与实施成效分析

“十三五”国家科技计划改革构建了全新的国家重点研发计划,设置“林业资源培育及高效利用技术创新”重点专项对林业科技创新进行支持。在揭示林业资源培育及高效利用调控机制、提升主要人工林单位生产力和提高资源利用效率等方面进行布局,按照基础研究、关键技术研究和技术集成示范进行“产业链布局创新链、一体化组织实施”。截止到2022年,专项已经执行结束并顺利完成项目综合绩效评价。以“十三五”国家重点研发计划“林业资源培育及高效利用技术创新”重点专项为主题,总结并分析专项实施背景、立项情况并介绍专项实施成效,为今后林业科技资源配置和组织管理提供参考。

美国现代荒野保护运动的兴起和早期发展

美国现代荒野保护运动兴起于两次世界大战之间。它以美国社会主流荒野观的变化为背景,直接促成因素是汽车旅游的普及对荒野构成了威胁。在奥尔多·利奥波德和罗伯特·马歇尔等荒野保护主义者的推动下,联邦林务局在该时期推出了一系列保护荒野的举措,通过制定行政法规等方式,将一些荒野区纳入保护。该时期的荒野保护是由白人“精英”发起的,要保护的主要是荒野的审美娱乐和精神文化价值。两次世界大战之间的荒野保护是在19世纪末20世纪初兴起的自然保护主义的基础上发展起来的,而二战后荒野保护的发展也并非完全是环境主义影响的结果,它实际上是此前的荒野保护运动在二战后的延续和深入。两次世界大战之间的荒野保护在美国现代荒野保护史上占有重要地位,它为二战后的荒野保护奠定了思想和组织基础,提供了重要的立法先例。

基于直线检测的航向角误差校正方法

提出了一种基于直线检测模型的多传感器数据融合航向角随机误差校正方法,旨在提高农林环境下低成本传感器组成的定位平台的精度。该方法通过调整直线检测阈值来实现状态的动态调整,以提高导航系统的鲁棒性和精确性。再将多传感器数据通过卡尔曼滤波融合,实现航向角随机误差的校正。试验结果表明,该方法在不同路径和速度下能有效降低航向角误差提高定位精度。在直线行进试验中,本方法的定位精度保持在5cm以内,航向角误差在5°以内。在矩形行进试验中,本方法的轨迹与差分RTK方法相近,平均误差仅为2.7cm,标准差为3.9cm。这一航向角校正方法为农业机械和车辆环境中的自主操作提供了有力支持。它能够适应不同的环境条件,提高导航系统的性能和测量准确性。

环境规制对林业绿色经济效率的影响

以2005—2021年《中国统计年鉴》、《中国林业与草原统计年鉴》、《中国林业统计年鉴》、《中国人口和就业统计年鉴》、《中国环境统计年鉴》等省级的时空二维数据为数据源(个别缺失值采用线性插值法进行补充),以数据相对完整的中国30个省、自治区、直辖市的林业绿色经济为研究对象。以林业绿色经济效率为评价指标(可分为规模经济效率、纯技术经济效率),采用林分每公顷林木蓄积量、新造林面积、林业系统职工人数、林业固定资产投资额作为投入指标,以期望产出(林业总产值、林业产业高级化指数)、非期望产出(林业生产的二氧化碳排放量)作为产出指标;以环境规制为直接影响因素,从推式和拉式两个维度进行选取,推式环境规制指标选取环境污染治理投资完成额、生活垃圾无害化处理率、工业固体废物利用率,拉式环境规制指标选取环境基础设施建设投资完成额、造林面积占比、建成区绿化覆盖率;以林业社会保障、国家投资、灾害防治率、林业技术创新、劳动力受教育程度、城镇化、林业集聚度、交通密度为间接影响因素;结合评价指标和影响因素,构建评价指标体系。应用依据松弛值测算的超效率(SBM)模型、空间自相关模型、空间计量模型,分析环境规制对林业绿色经济效率的影响。结果表明:林业绿色经济效率,整体上呈现东高西低的趋势,并且具有正向的空间溢出效应;环境规制对本区域及相邻区域林业绿色经济效率影响的相关系数,分别为-0.0594、-0.0781,环境规制提升对邻近地区林业绿色经济效率的抑制作用相对本地区更大;林业绿色经济效率提升,更加依赖于规模扩张;环境规制与林业绿色经济效率之间具有“U”型关系。综合研究结果,建议:差异化制定环境规制、建立横向补偿机制、推动林业技术创新为引擎。

应用型本科高校信息素养教学改革的探索与实践——以林学专业为例

根据应用型本科高校培养创新型应用人才的教学目标,采用PBL、翻转课堂、案例教学等多种教学模式,将信息素养教育与林学学科相融合,借助问卷星及学习通平台收集调查问卷,获得教学评价。结果显示:信息素养的嵌入式教学实践对学生学习专业知识有明显促进效果,并得到大部分学生认可,为实现信息素养教学与其他学科专业教育一体化提供实践经验。

双碳目标下林业专硕人才培养探究——以安徽农业大学林业专硕为例

林业是我国生态建设和经济建设的重要组成部分,特别是碳达峰、碳中和理念的提出给林业赋予了新使命。以安徽农业大学林业专硕学生的培养为例,并结合“双碳”目标的实施,分析学生在培养过程中遇到的问题和挑战以及在提高专业技能和实践创新能力的同时如何结合“双碳”目标的实施进行改革,从而培养满足国家对林业绿色发展所需的高层次、应用型、复合型人才,满足“双碳”目标对社会高质量发展和生态文明建设的需要。

卓越农林人才“双循环”协同育人实践体系构建——以东北农业大学为例

培养卓越农林人才对加快建设农业强国,全面推进乡村振兴具有重要意义,而实践育人是高校培养卓越农林人才的重要环节。针对卓越农林人才培养实践中面临的实践育人内生动力不足、不同育人形式融合协同不足、实践育人资源整合不足等问题,构建卓越农林人才“双循环”协同育人实践体系,以期为高校卓越农林人才培养实践提供借鉴。

林业碳汇信贷融资现实困境、制约因素与模式创新

林业碳汇信贷融资作为林业碳汇价值实现的主要路径,对于盘活林业碳汇资源、提升碳汇资产价值,以及缓解碳汇经营企业融资约束具有重要价值。目前,中国部分地区已探索试点林业碳汇质押融资业务,但面临现有模式难以复制推广的现实困境。该研究通过剖析典型案例的融资模式和现存不足,深入分析林业碳汇信贷融资当下面临的现实问题,探究影响林业碳汇发挥质押作用的根本原因。研究发现:①林业碳汇法律属性不明确,质权设立过程中涉及的相关权益变动缺乏法理依据。②林业碳汇价值评估标准缺失,质押价值评估结果银行难以认定。③林业碳汇资产质权难以处置变现,质权实现路径缺失导致银行无法有效控制信贷违约风险。因此,该研究通过引入林业碳汇保险的保单质押、价值认定和金融增信功能,以及碳汇收储机制在质权实现方面的担保增信作用,创新性地提出“林权抵押附加林业碳汇(预期收益权)质押+碳汇价值综合保险+林权(碳汇)收储担保”“林业碳汇(预期收益权)价值保险保单质押+碳汇收储担保”和“林业碳汇资产质押+碳汇价格指数保险”三种林业碳汇信贷融资模式,为林业碳汇质押融资广泛开展提供可行路径。最后,针对林业碳汇信贷融资的制约因素,从完善碳汇相关配套政策、统一碳汇价值评估标准、优化创新碳汇保险产品、建立碳汇收储担保制度、构建林业碳汇金融支持体系五个方面,提出促进林业碳汇信贷融资有效开展的具体策略建议。

从“悔错字”文书看清代至民国清水江流域林业纠纷的调解

“悔错字”文书是贵州地方大型档案资料清水江文书中的重要内容,主要记载农林业生产、婚姻家庭等方面的纠纷调解,清代至民国时期大量遗存于清水江流域。通过整理与分析“悔错字”文书,文章着重对这一时期清水江流域林业纠纷的调解进行了探讨。这对于我们深刻认识调解林业纠纷的重要性,增强民族团结,稳定社会秩序,全面推进依法治国,建设平安中国,具有一定的借鉴价值。

电厂和政府行为策略演化博弈与仿真研究——基于农林生物质与煤耦合发电产业发展视角

“双碳”背景下,农林生物质与煤耦合发电成为煤电转型的新路径。政府如何制定有效的补贴和监管政策,以及电厂如何进行正确的策略选择是促进农林生物质与煤耦合发电产业发展的关键。通过构建政府和电厂的混合策略博弈模型,分析双方的博弈关系和行为策略动态演变过程,并运用系统动力学进行建模仿真,进一步探析关键因素对政府和电厂行为策略的影响路径。结果表明:政府和电厂的行为策略在较长时期里无法趋于稳定,而是在相互影响中波动变化。政府制定补贴和监管策略、提高耦合发电收益、降低耦合发电成本,都将促进更多电厂选择农林生物质与煤耦合发电,从而进一步促进产业发展。

城市昆虫传粉生境营建研究进展及思考

传粉昆虫是生物多样性重要组成部分,昆虫传粉生境建设能有效减缓植物授粉危机,有利于城市生物多样性保护和促进自然教育。文章通过检索文献库CNKI和Web of Science近20年相关文献,采用文献计量法、内容分析法,对昆虫传粉生境营建相关的规划与设计、建设与管理研究成果进行梳理。结果表明:规划方面,注重该类绿地与区域生态网络和城市专项规划融合;设计方面,强调植物选用遵循“双高”“本土”“多样化”原则,并采用“高密群植”“防风向阳”方式配置;建设方面,提倡保留多种地表,增加与雨水花园、绿色屋顶等生态景观布置和栖息设施举措;管理方面,建议纳入4种特色日常管理措施,并提出管理部门的政策支持能助力实现昆虫多样性目标。文章最后提出传粉生境营建研究还存在意义彰显不足、实践应用待加强,以及我国发展缓慢等相关思考,旨在对我国城市昆虫传粉生境营建与城市生物多样性保护提供研究参考。

乡村振兴背景下农林高职院校大学生志愿服务实践育人的优化路径研究

乡村振兴,人才是关键。农林高职院校肩负着为现代农业发展培养复合型高素质技术技能人才的重要职责。志愿服务作为高校实践育人的重要载体,在培养学生服务三农的责任感和使命感上具有重要的作用。本文以江苏农林职业技术学院“新禾助农服务团”为例,分析高校志愿服务实践育人的现状,探索符合农林高职院校大学生志愿服务的实践育人新模式及相关优化路径。