Analysis of Factors Influencing Development of Resource-saving and Environment-friendly Agriculture in China

By selecting the data from 1989 to 2009 in China, we conduct regression analysis on the total output value of agriculture, the usage amount of chemical fertilizer, total power of agricultural machinery, effective irrigation area, and the damage area. The results show that the usage amount of chemical fertilizer and the damage area, the great obstacle to the construction of resource-saving and environment-friendly agriculture, have significant impact on the output value of agriculture; total power of agricultural machinery and effective irrigation area have insignificant impact on the output value of agriculture. Based on these, the suggestions for promoting the development of resource-saving and environment-friendly agriculture are put forward as follows: transform agricultural production mode, and optimize the industrial structure of agriculture; promote scientific use of chemical fertilizer, and promote the ability of agriculture to resist risks; promote the development of biogas in rural areas, and carry out the comprehensive use of biological material resources in rural areas.

DNA extraction method selection for agricultural soil using TOPSIS multiple criteria decision-making model

There is an increased interest in the extraction of nucleic acids from various environmental samples since culture-independent molecular techniques contribute to deepen and broaden the understanding of a greater portion of uncultivable microorganisms. Due to difficulties to select the optimum DNA extraction method in view of downstream molecular analyses, this article presents a straightforward mathematical framework for comparing some of the most commonly used methods. Four commercial DNA extraction kits and two physical-chemical methods (bead-beating and freeze-thaw) were compared for the extraction of DNA under several quantitative DNA analysis criteria: yield of extraction, purity of extracted DNA (A260/280 and A260/230 ratios), degradation degree of DNA, easiness of PCR amplification, duration of extraction, and cost per extraction. From a practical point of view, it is unlikely that a single DNA extraction strategy can be optimum for all selected criteria. Hence, a systematic Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was employed to compare the methods. The PowerSoil? DNA Isolation Kit was systematically defined as the best performing method for extracting DNA from soil samples. More specifically, for soil:manure and soil:manure:biochar mixtures, the PowerSoil?DNA Isolation Kit method performed best, while for neat soil samples its alternative version gained the first rank.

The Mode Reform of Cultivating Marketing Talents in Agricultural Vocational Colleges Based on the Perspective of Agricultural Enterprises——A Case Study of Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology

We conduct survey on the characteristics of demand of agricultural enterprises for agricultural marketing talents from the following 6 aspects:the professional marketing talents needed urgently by the agricultural enterprises,the amount of demand of agricultural enterprises for the marketing talents,the jobs offered by the agricultural enterprises,the educational background of agricultural marketing talents favored by the agricultural enterprises,the requirements posed by the agricultural enterprises on the work experience of agricultural marketing talents,and the quality requirements posed by the agricultural enterprises on the agricultural marketing talents.We analyse the problems existing in the cultivation mode of marketing talents in agricultural vocational colleges as follows:the feature of major is not outstanding;the contradiction between supply and demand is prominent;it is disconnected with the practical needs of agricultural enterprises;the cultivation form of practical ability is simple.On the basis of this,taking Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology as an example,we advance the new mode of cultivating inter-disciplinary talents integrating "marketing technique+technique marketing",and establish characteristic agricultural course combo system on the basis of vocational position orientation.In the meantime,we propose that we should conduct close college-enterprise cooperation with the local leading agricultural enterprises.This cultivation mode reform of talents is favorable for the agricultural enterprises,especially small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises to foster "marketable" agricultural marketing talents,elevate the comprehensive competitiveness of small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises,serve the local economy,and promote the development of modern agriculture,and China's agriculture,farmer,and countryside.

Application Status and Prospects of Biogas Fertilizer in Modern Agricultural Production

On the basis of introducing the nutrient composition and biogas fertilizer,the effects of biogas fertilizer on soil,crops and environment are summarized. Biogas fertilizer can improve soil structure,increase soil organic matter,available nutrient contents and enzyme activity,increase crop yield,quality and resistance,and relieve the non-point source pollution effectively. The harmlessness,application technology and risk are analyzed. Some suggestions are put forward to control the source pollution,strengthen the research of fermentation technology,define the standard of biogas fertilizer,and carry out large and medium-sized biogas engineering.

A Delphi Approach to the Selection of Good Agricultural Practices （GAPs） for Resilience Enhancement for Dry Land Farmers in North-Western Nigeria

An earlier baseline study （Jellason et al. in preparation） has identified some of the key challenges faced by farmers and from that, appropriate Good Agricultural Practices （GAPs） have been selected for the environment the farmers find themselves in and based on a review of available literature. Farmer action plans for enhancing smallholder resilience, GHGs emission mitigation and food security for these dry lands were developed. Expert opinions on the applicability of the selected GAPs to inform farmer co-learning and to validate the suitability of these practices in a dry land context were sought through the Delphi study. Experts were also invited to offer suggestions for improvement of the training action plan. Two rounds of a modified Delphi survey were carried out with experts from diverse backgrounds and locations across the globe to solicit their opinion. Results show that experts＇ agreement was reached on most of the action plan items. The results and opinions obtained from the survey were reviewed and adapted into the action plan leading to the development of GAPs for the co-learning exercise.

Theory and Practice of Agricultural Eco-engineering in China

Agricultural eco-engineering is not only the important content of eco-agriculture construction, but also the important measure for operating eco-agriculture construction. Applying principle of ecology, and combining the method of systemic engineering with the measure of modern technology, the essential of agriculture ecologic engineering is to build the production mode of using agriculture resource with high effectiveness, and technique system of realizing sustainable development. This article gives an introduction of what the agricultural eco-engineering is and the basic theory and the design principle of agricultural eco-engineering.

莴笋+鲜食玉米轮作模式下高效设施栽培模式探讨

天津市为了有效利用当地独特的地理气候资源,丰富蔬菜供给,提高土地利用率及种植效益,在多年生产实践基础上总结了“莴笋-鲜食玉米-鲜食玉米”和“莴笋—鲜食玉米—莴笋”两种一年多茬的轮作栽培模式,包括作物茬口安排、田间种植管理技术要点、病虫害防治、适时采收等,利用冷棚设施栽培,大大提高土地复种指数,减少病虫害发生,提高种植经济收益。通过2年的试验示范,收到了良好效果,可为京津冀地区发展设施农业种植区提供有益参考。

Applying Technique Assembly to Raise the Production Level of Mechanized Agriculture

On the basis of accomplishment obtained in the course of mechanized crop production owing to the progress of science and technology,the authors propose further in this paper the target and prineiples of technique assembly in agricultural production.A typical high yield model of technique assembly for soybean and wheat production is given as an example.

食品及农产品中黄曲霉毒素产后物理消减技术研究进展

黄曲霉毒素是由曲霉真菌产生的有毒次生代谢物,对人类和动物具有很高的致癌性。食品及农产品中黄曲霉毒素污染是一个长期存在的全球性问题,保障食品及农产品安全对人和动物生命健康具有重要意义。常见消减策略主要分为物理脱毒、化学降解和生物移除3种。物理脱毒是目前食品及农产品领域应用比较广且技术相对成熟的一种手段。综述了近五年物理加工、吸附移除、能量消减等物理消减技术在食品及农产品中黄曲霉毒素的消减研究进展,比较了这些技术在不同基质中的应用效果,同时对每一种技术的消减机制进行了简要概括,最后对未来黄曲霉毒素的消减技术的发展进行了展望。研究为食品及农产品黄曲霉毒素安全、高效、绿色消减提供了一定的参考。

不同栽培基料配比对大球盖菇生长的影响

为研究利用农业废弃物栽培大球盖菇的可行性,以农作物秸秆、废菌包、牛粪等废弃物为主要原料,设置9种不同基料配方栽培大球盖菇,分析比较供试配方栽培的大球盖菇菌丝生长情况、产量及经济效益。结果表明,D_(3)、D_(4)、D_(8)处理的菌丝生长较好、出菇快、产量高、经济效益好。综合分析,在生产中推荐“玉米秸秆+谷壳+玉米芯+废弃菌包+牛粪”的基料配比组合,可以实现经济效益最大化。

核技术在农业上应用现状和展望

近二十年来,核技术应用已经融入农业科学研究和农业生产实践的各个方面,在某些领域是唯一和不可替代的技术手段。该综述全面概述了目前全世界核技术在农业主要领域应用的最新进展及其主要成就。着重介绍了核技术在动物生产和健康、食品安全及控制、植物诱变育种和遗传、水土管理及农业环境以及害虫防治等领域的应用现状和创新发展趋势。针对世界农业所面临的诸多全球性严峻挑战,作者探讨并展示了核技术在农业上的应用前景及其优先发展的战略方向。

数字经济驱动中国式农业农村现代化——理论机制与路径选择

数字经济如何驱动中国式农业农村现代化是数字时代的现实命题。运用扎根理论对文本资料进行三级编码,构建数字经济驱动中国式农业农村现代化的理论模型,解构内在驱动机理。研究发现,数字经济通过数字技术、数据要素、数字信息、数字平台和数字空间驱动中国式农业农村现代化。研究结论有助于丰富数字经济驱动中国式农业农村现代化的内在机理。

Review of the detasseling techniques for maize(Zea mays L.)hybrid seed production

Maize(Zea mays L.)is a critical staple crop globally,integral to human consumption,food security,and agricultural product stability.The quality and purity of maize seeds,essential for hybrid seed production,are contingent upon effective detasseling.This study investigates the evolution of detasseling technologies and their application in Chinese maize hybrid seed production,with a comparative analysis against the United States.A comprehensive examination of the development and utilization of detasseling technology in Chinese maize hybrid seed production was undertaken,with a specific focus on key milestones.Data from the United States were included for comparative purposes.The analysis encompassed various detasseling methods,including manual,semi-mechanized,and cytoplasmic male sterility,as well as more recent innovations such as detasseling machines,and the emerging field of intelligent detasseling driven by unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),computer vision,and mechanical arms.Mechanized detasseling methods were predominantly employed by America.Despite the challenges of inflexible and occasionally overlooked,applying detasseling machines is efficient and reliable.At present,China’s detasseling operations in hybrid maize seed production are mainly carried out by manual work,which is labor-intensive and inefficient.In order to address this issue,China is dedicated to developing intelligent detasseling technology.This study emphasizes the critical role of detasseling in hybrid maize seed production.The United States has embraced mechanized detasseling.The application and development of manual and mechanized detasseling were applied later than those in the United States,but latest intelligent detasseling technologies first appeared in China.Intelligent detasseling is expected to be the future direction,ensuring the quality and efficiency of hybrid maize seed production,with implications for global food security.

食用农产品农药残留检测技术的应用及优化研究

农产品的质量安全直接影响人体健康,其中的农药残留问题引起了人们的广泛关注。通过有效的检测技术可以了解食用农产品中农药残留量的情况。因此,本文总结了食用农产品残留检测技术的应用现状,并提出了食用农产品残留检测技术的优化措施,旨在为食用农产品残留检测技术的进一步完善提供理论参考。

数字技术赋能农业企业自主创新能力提升的路径研究

企业要想在激烈的市场竞争中立于不败之地,就需要不断提升自主创新能力,而数字技术的发展为企业自主创新能力的提升提供了巨大的帮助。在梳理企业自主创新能力提升相关文献的基础上,以数字技术为背景,聚焦农业企业,探究数字技术对企业自主创新能力提升的内在机制。基于此,本研究采用全局因子分析法和SEM结构方程模型对2012—2021年48家农业上市企业进行实证分析,通过对2017年前后农业企业自主创新能力水平进行对比,推断数字技术的广泛应用对其具有提升作用,之后通过路径系数分析研究得到数字技术赋能营业成本率、发明专利授权数、注册商标数、企业对自主创新的重视程度有利于农业企业自主创新能力水平的提升,并提出了数字技术赋能农业企业自主创新能力提升的有效路径。

我国南方果园农业机械化发展趋势及农艺技术措施

近年来,果园建设进入高速发展时期,南方果园由于地形原因,大型机械化难以施展。智能机械配套农艺技术可助力南方果园发展。通过对目前农业机械化发展进程进行回顾,就果园结合智能机械发展趋势进行分析,浅析农艺技术措施配套,并提出南方果园农业机械化发展策略,以期为南方果园机械化高效发展提供理论指导。

皖西大别山区小麦生产现状及发展对策

本文基于皖西大别山区小麦生产现状,总结分析了该区域小麦生产有待进一步提升的环节,包括优质品种、机械化程度、绿色丰产高效栽培技术体系以及小麦品牌影响力等方面。结合这些环节提出加强品种自主选育、提高机械化作业效率、推广丰产高效栽培技术体系和发展绿色农业品牌等对策,为研究区小麦产业的可持续、高质量发展提供参考。

基于产教融合的果树生产技术课程模块化教学实践

本文从教学设计、教学实施、教改成效和教学反思4个方面,对果树生产技术课程进行探索与实践,以探索该课程更为高效、实用的教学模式。具体而言,从教学模块重构、精准学情分析和教学模式创新3个方面进行教学设计;通过产教融合案例教学、学情任务驱动教学、线上线下全时域教学、耕读结合学练并举和“三核一辅”多元评价实施教学改革;从提升知识掌握程度和综合素养2个方面对其改革实践成效进行分析;教学反思包括基于教学反馈,持续优化实践环节;紧跟产业发展,及时更新教学资源。为培养与新农科要求相符的现代农业人才提供参考。

数字技术赋能乡村振兴:内在逻辑、现实困境与突破路径

实施乡村振兴战略是全面推进农业农村现代化的新引擎。数字技术作为推动社会转型发展的重要力量,通过集聚生产要素、发挥驱动作用、重构治理方式、畅通信息渠道、更新发展路径,推动乡村在产业转型升级、人力资本价值提升、乡村文化资源传承创新、绿色生产生活方式生成、乡村治理联动融通等方面实现了跨越式发展。数字技术所包含的技术要素、技术原理、技术规范与乡村发展实现了全方位的深度融合,使乡村各领域呈现新的特征与内涵。数字技术在催生乡村变革新文明、为推进乡村全面振兴提供新的转型道路与发展机遇的同时,也面临着产业可持续发展支撑不足、数字化人才培养效果不佳、数字文化品牌建设滞后、生态建设技术运用不到位、治理冲突导致共治失效等难题。摆脱数字技术赋能过程中存在的现实困境,实现数字技术的赋能效应真正由简单的生产生活便利向“颠覆性”全面革新的转变,需聚焦兴产业、育人才、塑乡风、净生态、强治理,通过强化产业支撑、做好人才培育、重塑乡风特色、优化生态管理、强化治理方式等进行纾困引导,推动乡村数字化转型及农业农村现代化发展。

我国农用土壤重金属污染现状及修复技术探讨

近年来,农用土壤重金属污染问题加剧,严重威胁我国农业安全和居民身体健康。本文分析农用土壤中重金属的来源与危害,概述重金属污染现状、成因,并对污染修复技术展开探讨。