Analysis of Factors Influencing Development of Resource-saving and Environment-friendly Agriculture in China

By selecting the data from 1989 to 2009 in China, we conduct regression analysis on the total output value of agriculture, the usage amount of chemical fertilizer, total power of agricultural machinery, effective irrigation area, and the damage area. The results show that the usage amount of chemical fertilizer and the damage area, the great obstacle to the construction of resource-saving and environment-friendly agriculture, have significant impact on the output value of agriculture; total power of agricultural machinery and effective irrigation area have insignificant impact on the output value of agriculture. Based on these, the suggestions for promoting the development of resource-saving and environment-friendly agriculture are put forward as follows: transform agricultural production mode, and optimize the industrial structure of agriculture; promote scientific use of chemical fertilizer, and promote the ability of agriculture to resist risks; promote the development of biogas in rural areas, and carry out the comprehensive use of biological material resources in rural areas.

An FPGA-Based Resource-Saving Hardware Accelerator for Deep Neural Network

With the development of computer vision researches, due to the state-of-the-art performance on image and video processing tasks, deep neural network (DNN) has been widely applied in various applications (autonomous vehicles, weather forecasting, counter-terrorism, surveillance, traffic management, etc.). However, to achieve such performance, DNN models have become increasingly complicated and deeper, and result in heavy computational stress. Thus, it is not sufficient for the general central processing unit (CPU) processors to meet the real-time application requirements. To deal with this bottleneck, research based on hardware acceleration solution for DNN attracts great attention. Specifically, to meet various real-life applications, DNN acceleration solutions mainly focus on issue of hardware acceleration with intense memory and calculation resource. In this paper, a novel resource-saving architecture based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is proposed. Due to the novel designed processing element (PE), the proposed architecture achieves good performance with the extremely limited calculating resource. The on-chip buffer allocation helps enhance resource-saving performance on memory. Moreover, the accelerator improves its performance by exploiting the sparsity property of the input feature map. Compared to other state-of-the-art solutions based on FPGA, our architecture achieves good performance, with quite limited resource consumption, thus fully meet the requirement of real-time applications.

Effect of cold rolling and annealing on microstructure and properties of a new resource-saving duplex stainless steel Fe–19Cr–0.6Al–12Mn

An Fe-19Cr-0.6Al-12Mn duplex stainless steel with an optimized alloy composition of Ni replaced by Mn and Cr partially replaced by Al was developed to avoid the edge cracking, which is a common defect in the hot rolling of traditional twophase stainless steels. The newly developed duplex stainless steel could be hot-rolled in the single-phase ferrite (α) region by controlling rolling temperature and the single-phase ferrite microstructure was retained on water cooling. To obtain the two-phase stainless steel product with ferrite and austenite (γ) microstructure, cold rolling and annealing were carried out,and appropriate cold rolling reduction and annealing process parameters were determined. The significant impact of annealing on microstructure, mechanical properties and pitting resistance of the experimental steel was studied. It was observed that with the increase in cold rolling reduction, the number of γ nucleation points was dramatically increased leading to the precipitation of more γ at α grain boundaries after annealing. During annealing at 800 ℃ and with the increase in annealing time, the austenite fraction was increased with a lower rate and remained almost constant when the annealing time was greater than 4 h. With the increase in annealing temperature, the austenite fraction decreased gradually in the temperature range of 750-860 ℃. Good combination of strength, ductility and excellent pitting resistance was obtained by cold rolling to 80% reduction and annealing at 800 ℃ for 4 h. Grain refinement and the existence of Σ3 boundaries played a vital role in improving the pitting resistance of the experimental steel. With good combination of strength, ductility and corrosion resistance, the newly developed duplex stainless steel is expected to be a new resource-saving dual-phase stainless steel.

Factors Affecting Adoption of Conservation Agriculture Practices in Mpatsa Extension Planning Area, Nsanje, Southern Malawi

Conservation agriculture (CA) emerged as an alternative innovation to conventional agriculture due to losses in soil productivity as a result of soil degradation. This study investigated factors affecting the adoption of Conservation Agriculture in the Mpatsa Extension Planning Area in a southern district of Malawi, Nsanje. A quantitative method approach was followed where were collected from a sample of 110 targeted smallholder farmers in the study area using a semi-structured questionnaire where the majority (63.6%) were women. Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) were also done to triangulate data on questionnaires. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel database and analyzed in SPSS version 20. Socio-economic, environmental factors and household income have a greater impact on the adoption of conservation agricultural innovations. Animals were found to cause permanent soil cover disturbance while feeding on crop residues leaving the soil bare. The study concluded that climatic factors and CA training have negatively affected the adoption of new agricultural innovations, therefore, recommending further training and extension support for CA adoption as well as more access to credit opportunities for increased households’ adoption of CA.

The Impact of the Maputo Development Corridor on Wealth Creation within the Region It Serves

The Maputo Development Corridor along the N4 toll road between the north-eastern provinces of South Africa and Maputo （the capital and main port of Mozambique） was initiated in 1996. A Development Corridor can be seen as a concept to elevate an area to a certain level of development. One of the objectives of this project was investment in transport infrastructure in order to create an enabling environment for economic growth and development. The project is also in line with the 1995 Spatial Development Initiatives of the South African Government that attempt to improve investment in those areas were the greatest potential for growth exists. This paper addresses economic wealth creation within the broader region that the N4 toll road and the corridor currently serve. The research revealed that the areas closer to the N4 corridor had higher growth in terms of economic output as measured by Gross Valued Added than those further removed. There were a stronger correlation between growth in employment and proximity to the road corridor for the manufacturing, construction, trade and transport sectors. Analysis done also shows that income per capita has grown at a faster rate in areas closer to the corridor that areas further removed.

Complex analysis of the damage caused by geocryologic processes (as exemplified by effects on the Chara-China Railway track, Transbaikal region)

The report presents an analysis of a unique data set demonstrating the influence of geocryological processes on the 75-km Chara-China Railway track(northern Transbaikal region).The originality of these investigations lies in the study of the influence of natural processes on the road in the absence of any repair works or protective and compensating measures for a long period of time(1998~2014).These conditions allowed assessment of the actual damage to the railroad.

Institutional Innovations for Resource-saving Urbanization in China

The author argues in this article that,in China,the serious waste of resources amid urbanization is mainly due to the defects in resource institutions.The unreasonable pricing mechanism result in undervalued prices which encourages waste rather than saving resources.In order to promote resource-saving urbanization,a series of institutional innovations in resource utilization must be carried out.Efforts should be made to strengthen the monitoring over resource market and to increase the costs for resource utilization,so as to prevent the waste of resources amid urbanization through economic measures.

A Cross-Cultural Initiative： Engaging China＇s Middle Class

This study provides an evaluation of China＇s growing middle class, the new consumers for world economies and estimated to be 300-500 million people. By using internal analysis of market and nonmarket variables, we detail how the future growth rate of the middle class is dependent on three issues： domestic consumption trends of Generation Y in China, the valued opportunity of the science and technology industry, and the importance of maintaining a strong work force able to increase productivity. In particular, we discuss market demands from Generation Y, products best suited for Chinese consumers, and the effect social-economic inequalities in Western China will have on development measures of the middle class. Based on data collection, interviews, library research and econometric analyses, we show how these above issues will continue to influence consumer behavior, reform policies, and the growth of the middle class in China. It is important to note that economic growth and prosperity in China will only continue if the national government and private institutions, along with the international agendas of other countries, are in balance, and not excess, of the resources and capabilities available for desired growth levels.

Weakness in Economic Development of China

China has made the miracle of rapid development in GDP in recent 20 years. However, the economic development is at the cost of environment and resources, which will decrease the speed of economic development in return. China should gradually change the guideline from simply pursuing GDP growth to harmonious development, and establish a new set of performance-evaluating system, the resource-saving responsibility system as soon as possible.

Coronary CTA predictive, resource-saving when used in emergency department

Key points： ACRIN PA 4005 looks at 1-year outcomes in patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain screened with coronary CTA Negative coronary CTA predicts low risk of 1-year death/AMI/revascularization Screening method also helps to more accurately distribute resources

Linguo-Combinatorial Simulation of Complex Systems

Contemporary world is developing system and we must have the new models. Any complex system interacts with its changing environment and its viability depends on its adaptability. The number of arbitrary coefficients in the structure of equivalent equations of complex system changes in the process of learning. In systems with more than six variables, the number of arbitrary coefficients increases first, and then, passing through the maximum, begins to decrease. This phenomenon makes it possible to explain the processes of system growth, complication and death in biological, economical and physical-engineering systems. The author uses the Linguo-combinatorial method of investigation of complex systems, in taking key words for building equivalent equations. This phenomenon is able to increase the adaptability of different systems.

Modelling low carbon transition and economic impacts under SSPs and RCPs based on GTIMES

The simulation of global and regional energy system transition and its potential mitigation cost could intuitively reflect the need for earlier climate mitigation actions. To explore the possible transitions of global and regional energy system, this study applied a 14-region energy system model (GTIMES) with scenarios designed using Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs) with Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), and detailed depicts the quantification of SSPs trajectories into GTIMES model. Modeling results show that: 1) Global energy-related CO_(2) emissions will reach 37–74 Gt by 2050 under reference scenarios, while they will decrease to 12–14 Gt under higher possibility pathways to reach 2 ℃ target, with ratios of non-fossil fuel round to 42%–46%. 2) Electrification level has to increase noticeably in regional transition with a global average level of about 44% to achieve significant emission reduction. 3) Higher level of mitigation cost would happen with the constraint mitigation target, as well as social and economic trajectories chosen. Therefore, following trajectories of sustainable development is necessary.

A Study of Biographical Inscription of Methen

The biographical inscription of Methen is the earliest biography in ancient Egypt. The details of economic and administrative aspects mentioned in the biography have provided some evidence which may suggest a decisive break for the ruling power from the relatively shifting control during the very early stage of dynastic period to the absolute central governance of both manpower and materials in the Old Kingdom that can also be signified, for instance, by the pyramid building in the 4th Dynasty. This document may therefore mirror the constitution of ancient Egyptian civilization during this transitional time.