Perceptions of Bark Beetle Landscape Disturbance Effects on Natural Resources and Drinking Water: Assessing Communication and Knowledge Exchange in the Rocky Mountain Region, USA

Widespread changes to forested watersheds affected by the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) epidemic across western North America raised concerns about the effects of this climate-induced disturbance on drinking water and natural resources. Effective communication and knowledge exchange across scientists and stakeholders (i.e., drinking water managers) is essential for constructively responding to such landscape scale disturbances, providing improved adaptive capacity through knowledge sharing. An assessment of stakeholder knowledge levels, information needs, primary concerns, and suggested communication strategies were conducted via an online elicitation survey and World Science Café workshops. Knowledge levels, assessed via a survey of local water managers and experts, were relatively low with approximately half of the respondents reporting little to no knowledge of the effects of mountain pine beetle on drinking water quality and quantity, thereby indicating limited knowledge exchange between scientists and drinking water stakeholders. Increased accessibility and dissemination of research findings pertinent to the mountain pine beetle epidemic’s effects on drinking water quality and quantity is necessary for natural resource management. Recommendations for improved communication among scientists and drinking water stakeholders in particular and forest health in general include dispersal of non-academic research summaries, information exchange through existing media and community resources, demonstration projects, and information clearinghouses. This information provides a better understanding of the challenges, concerns, and first-hand experience of stakeholders of a landscape disturbance issue to apply this knowledge to enhance land management practice and how researchers on this overall project enhanced science communication efforts.

Water quantity-quality combined evaluation method for rivers＇ water requirements of the instream environment in dualistic water cycle： A case study of Liaohe River Basin

In this article the meaning of the quantity and quality of environmental flows of river in dualistic water cycle is discussed, and compared with the meaning of unitary water cycle. Based on the analysis of the relationship between environmental flows of river requirements, the efficiency of water resource usage, the consumption coefficient, and the concentration of waste water elimination, the water quantity and water quality calculation method of the environmental flows of river requirements in dualistic water cycle is developed, and the criteria for environmental flows of river requirements are established, and therefore the water quantity-quality combined evaluation of natural river flows requirements are realized Taking the Liaohe River as a model, the environmental flows of river requirements for Xiliao River, Dongliao River, mainstream Liaohe River, Huntai River and northeast rivers along the coasts of the Yellow and Bohai seas in unitary water cycle are calculated, each taking up 39.3%, 63.0%, 43.9%, 43.3% and 43.5% of runoff respectively. Evaluated according to Tennant recommended flow, the results show that： except Xiliao River is ＂median＂, the rest are all upon ＂good＂, the Dongliao River is even ＂very good＂. The corresponding results in dualistic water cycle are that, the proportion of natural flows for each river is 57.5%, 74.1%, 60.8%, 60.3% and 60.4%; while the combined evaluation results show that： considering ＂quantity＂, except Xiliao River, the rest rivers can all achieve the ＂quantity＂ criteria of the en- vironmental flows of river requirements, but if considering the aspect of ＂quality＂, only Dongliao River can reach the ＂quality＂ standard. By water quantity-quality combined evaluation method, only Dongliao River can achieve the criteria. So the water quality is the main factor that determines whether the environmental flows can meet the river ecosystem demands.

Coupling Effect of Water and Phosphate on Economic Traits of Sugarcane

[Objective] The aim was to study the coupling effect of water and phosphate on economic traits of sugarcane. [Method] Taking sugarcane variety ROC22 as tested material,coupling effects of different levels of water supply quantity and different levels of phosphorus fertilizer on the yield and quality of sugarcane were studied. Among them,water supply quantity had 3 levels,that was,the water supply quantity per 10 days from the early tillering stage of sugarcane to the end of elongation was 199.5 m3/hm2 (A1),400.5 m3/hm2 (A2) and 600.0 m3/hm2 (A3),respectively; Phosphorus fertilizer as basic fertilizer had 4 levels:P2O5 0 kg/hm2 (B1),120 kg/hm2 (B2),240 kg/hm2 (B3) and 360 kg/hm2 (B4). [Result] Treatment A3B2 in water-fertilizer coupling was more suitable to improve economic traits of sugarcane. [Conclusion] The research results provide theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of water and phosphorus fertilizer in production of Guangxi sugarcane and the cultivation of high-yield and high-glucose sugarcane.

Mechanism of Photothermal Energy on the Growth and Yield of Rice under Water Level Regulation

The flooding caused by heavy rainfall in rice irrigation area and the drought caused by the drop of groundwater level are the research focus in the field of irrigation and drainage.Based on the comparative experiment and farmland water level control technology,this paper studied the average soil temperature under different soil layers(TM),the daily temperature change(TDC),the photosynthetic accumulation of single leaf and canopy in rice,and response of photothermal energy to rice root characteristics and growth factors in the paddy field under drought conditions.The results showed that the peak soil temperature under drought treatment was basically synchronous with the conventional irrigation,and the it was delayed by 2–6 h under flooding treatment compared to the drought treatment.Under different water gradients,the temperature decreased according to T_(L)>T_(CK)>T_(H)(L,H and CK represented water flooding,drought and control treatments),and the TDC was opposite.In addition to milky stage,the daily photosynthetic(Pn)accumulation of single leaf and canopy in the flooding and drought treated paddy fields were lower than conventional irrigation,and had a negative impact on leaf area index(LAI)and yield(YR),but did not form fatal damage.The root characteristic factors,RL(root length),RW(root weight),R-CR(root-canopy ratio)were promoted with drought,and YR under light drought was slightly higher than that under heavy drought.There was a strong positive correlation between TM and R-CR in all rice growth stages,while TDC-5 was negatively correlated with effective panicle number,TDC and R-CR in 20 cm soil layer were positively correlated.The correlation between daily Pn accumulation and YR was low,and the correlation between Pn and YR factors was negative or weak positive or negative.The total Pn was positively correlated with yield factors,and the correlation coefficient was higher than that of daily Pn.

Hydrological Systems in the Greater Virunga Landscape: Water Quality around Mikeno Sector

Monitoring of environmental parameters is one of the highest priorities in the evaluation of environmental status of water resources and in environmental protection policy. The main objectives are to understand and evaluate the water quantity and quality in order to provide water of appropriate quality to various water users. The water quantity was assessed by the measurement of runoff or discharge at specific river cross sections using floating method for surface water and bucket and stopwatch method for springs and boreholes. The quality of river water and spring was identified in terms of its physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The analyzed data were compared with standard values recommended by WHO. Macroinvertebrates were collected in the rivers using a plankton nets and 10 minutes of sampling. Identification was made at the laboratory of Malacology. Results revealed that the quality of water obtained from sampling points is generally good to use for different domestic purposes except the Idanta River and Rwembwe borehole, which need an appropriate treatment before use. All sampling points are located far from houses and latrines, which can contribute to fecal contamination. On the different sampling points, bathing and washing clothes were observed and could constitute the source of pollution of drinking water. In Idanta and Kamira Rivers animals used water for drinking while also people use this water for domestic and drinking. In the two sampling points high values of Escherichia coli were found. No pollutant-taxa tolerant were found in the two monitored rivers for macroinvertebrates. Since water quality and quantity remain a major challenge in rural areas, the government should provide safe water to the population around Mikeno sector after treatment using suitable techniques.

水资源“量-质-域-流-生”全要素保护体系架构与实施策略

水资源保护是关乎民生福祉和国家安全的重要基础性工作。在新时期生态文明和美丽中国建设背景下,水资源保护亟需向流域化、系统化、生态化方向发展。研究基于对水资源系统多维属性功能的解析,从流域整体视角剖析了人类活动对水资源系统的干扰特征,提出了水资源“量-质-域-流-生”全要素保护策略,明确了水资源全要素保护的概念、内涵及体系架构。进一步,从服务于我国水资源管理实践角度,提出了以“退水还河、退污还清、退地还盆、退堵还疏、退渔还生”为核心的水资源全要素保护策略,明确了东北地区、黄淮海地区、长江中下游地区、东南沿海地区、西南地区、西北地区的水资源保护核心要点。最后,从政策法规、制度建设、监管体系等提出了推进我国水资源全要素保护的对策与措施。研究成果是对传统水资源保护工作的有益发展,为新时期国家治水实践提供了有力抓手。

中国水资源综合利用水平的地区差异与动态演进

水资源日益成为制约中国经济高质量发展的重要瓶颈。基于水质水量耦合的视角,利用中国除中国香港、澳门、台湾外的31个省(自治区、直辖市)的省级面板数据对中国水资源综合利用水平进行测度,分析地区差异及来源,并探究其时空演化规律。从区域差异特征看,全国及四大区域水资源综合利用水平呈波动上升趋势,利用水平依次为:东部>中部>东北>西部,总体呈现“自西向东不断先上升后略有下降,自南向北先上升后下降”的分布趋势;从变动情况看,绝对差异呈缩小的趋势,差异主要由地区间差异贡献,贡献率为53.72%;部分西部省区市拉低了整体的水资源综合利用水平;“邻居”水平具有正向的空间溢出效应。研究对促进我国经济社会高质量发展、提升水资源综合利用水平具有重要意义。

水质臭氧分析仪校准系统介绍及溯源方法研究

研制水质臭氧分析仪的校准系统,并对其进行不确定度评定,使用紫外分光光度计,对臭氧水的吸光度定值和摩尔吸光系数用碘量法进行量值溯源。结果表明:该系统稳定性为3%/10min,扩展不确定度为0.05mg/L,k=2,可用于该分析仪的校准。

Integrated simulation and assessment of water quantity and quality for a river under changing environmental conditions

The water cycle and water resources within river basins under changing environmental conditions undergo profound changes, which have significant effects on the water environment of the river. Owing to the water resources demanded for economic and social development, water quantity and quality are becoming the core constraints of water resources development and utilization. In this paper, the dual attributes of water resources, progress into research regarding water quantity and quality joint assessment and simulation and the shortcomings associated with these techniques are summarized and described with respect to water quantity and quality. The results indicated that under the current environmental conditions, the method used for traditional water quality assessment of single water bodies cannot meet the requirements for water resources management. Moreover, a coupled hydrodynamic and water quality numerical model for river networks and lakes that applies to the river water environment system was developed for the river network flow and pollutant migration and transformation process and validated. This validation revealed that the error between the simulated values calculated by the model and the monitored values was small, meeting the application requirements and realizing the integrated and dynamic simulation of water quantity and quality of the river water environmental system. On this basis, the integrated simulation model was applied to the Luanhe River Basin.

黄河流域煤矿矿井水综合利用问题分析及管控建议

黄河流域煤炭资源丰富,但水资源匮乏,如何在确保生态环境安全的前提下,最大程度实现煤矿矿井水的综合利用,成为该地区迫切需要解决的热点问题.黄河流域煤矿矿井水的涌水量分布不均,呈南多北少的特征,且水质具有高矿化度、碱性或弱碱性以及高氟化物的特点.结合当前煤矿矿井水主要的综合利用途径,在总结国内外煤矿矿井水排放管控要求的基础上,识别当前制约我国煤矿矿井水综合利用的原因包括外排受较多制约,缺少供水需求,缺少对水质标准、技术规范和政策监管的改善,处理过程中缺乏技术规范化指导以及缺乏鼓励矿井水综合利用的措施等.针对以上问题,从实事求是地制订煤矿矿井水外排的管理要求、科学制订基于不同利用途径的煤矿矿井水综合利用水质标准、加强煤矿矿井水处理技术的推荐和引导以及建立多部门协作机制等方面,提出提高黄河流域煤矿矿井水综合利用率的建议,以期为合理利用水资源、确保生态环境安全、促进黄河流域高质量发展提供支撑.

湖北省村镇污水特征与污水处理设计研究

文章选取湖北省宜昌市及周边县市山区、丘陵和平原等典型地貌特征农民居住点为调研对象,通过对分散农户在日常生活产生的黑水和灰水分别进行收集、在采样和水质指标分析的基础上,分别研究了湖北省村镇生活污水中黑水和灰水的水量产生特征、水质分布特征以及各自的主要影响因素。结果表明,黑水和灰水水质影响因素复杂,其中农户生活习惯及与之相关的多种因素的综合影响相对显著;由于农村污水收集及预处理方式不同,导致集中站点进水与农村分散户排水水质间存在显著差异。

景观格局汇水单元法与城区水量水质模拟研究

景观多样性有助于提高城市韧性,但其可能带来的透水斑块破碎化和廊道连通度的改变,会影响城区非点源污染的产生输移特性。传统对非点源污染的定量评估忽略了汇水单元内部景观格局(形状、比例和空间配置)对物质输移的影响,是导致模拟精度偏低的主要原因。针对这一问题,本研究结合遥感影像和城市景观格局分布特征,构建了基于景观格局的汇水单元划分方法(景观格局法)。采用SWMM模型,以巢湖一级支流十五里河为对象展开研究,结果表明:(1)基于实测数据进行验证,采用景观格局法模拟各项指标(水量、COD、TP和NH 3-N)的纳什效率系数(NSE)均大于0.7,结果可靠;(2)与传统方法(泰森多边形划分汇水单元)相比,水量模拟精度(以NSE计)提高8%,水质模拟精度提高6%;(3)与泰森多边形法相比,景观格局法计算的入河总水量和污染总负荷较低,且污染物浓度峰值滞后;(4)景观格局法通过改变汇水单元之间的水力联系,模拟出污染物冲刷减弱,初期雨水冲刷效应降低,且随着重现期的加大,降低初期雨水冲刷强度的效果越明显,表明一定程度上景观类型多样化有助于缓解瞬时高强度污染影响。本研究构建的方法充分考虑了城市斑块内部的景观格局分布特征和水力联系,可为城区面源污染输出控制提供新的评估手段。

沈阳经济技术开发区饮用水水源地综合评价研究

饮用水水源地是一个地区的重要生态屏障,沈阳经济技术开发区工业快速发展,城市规模增大,人口增长,对水资源需求日益增加。运用水文地质钻探等手段对作为饮用水水源的地下水进行了供水水文地质的全面调查和资源评估,详细研究了水源地的水文地质环境,包括含水岩组在空间上的分布特性、含水层相互之间的水力相互作用及其水文参量等。查明水源地的水文地质条件后,进行沈阳经济技术开发区饮用水水源地综合评价,并提出相关建议,为合理开采及保护地下水资源,满足不断增长的城市需求,制定可靠的供水计划和保障饮用水安全提供重要数据支持,确保环境可持续性发展。

白洋淀生态补水量质综合保障决策支持系统平台研究

在天然水资源衰减严重流域,河湖系统生态补水已经成为湖泊水生态系统修复的重要途径之一.本研究以提升河-湖系统生态补水的科学性为目标,以白洋淀为例设计并研发了集成监测-模拟模式的白洋淀上游河流生态补水量质综合保障决策支持系统平台.系统平台涵盖了基础地理信息查询、地表-地下水量水质实时动态监测、上游河流补水河道水量水质耦合模拟、基于水量平衡模型的白洋淀水位预测,以及生态补水与水污染防治综合管控方案库等核心功能.该系统可为在气候变化和人类活动共同影响下科学高效制定白洋淀生态补水水量与水质综合保障方案提供决策支持,并为基于大数据与云计算的环境与水利领域决策支持平台研发提供借鉴.

水量-水质-生态需水综合视角下黄河流域水稀缺评估

基于水足迹方法从水量水质生态需水综合视角下对黄河流域的水稀缺进行评估。结果表明:2021年黄河流域的蓝水足迹和灰水足迹分别为526.5亿m^(3)和3056.2亿m^(3);仅考虑水量和生态需水时,黄河流域的缺水压力较小,其中85.4%的地级市为低缺水压力,仅10.1%的地级市处于极端缺水压力;纳入水质因素后,仅15.7%的地级市为低缺水压力,而64.0%的地级市处于极端缺水压力,水质因素显著加剧了流域的缺水压力。建议协同推进水资源管理和保护,推广节水技术和水资源循环利用,重点提高农业水资源利用效率和强化农业污染治理,以缓解黄河流域经济发展与水资源限制之间的矛盾。

长江下游河湖水系连通的生态效应与联合调度

现行的水系连通工程规划和实施普遍侧重于水资源调度、防洪抗旱和航运畅通等需求,对连通河湖水生态环境质量的影响机制和协同管理措施仍不明确。引江济太等水系连通工程在恢复长江下游水系连通性的同时,会引起河湖水位、水动力、水沙输移、水质等要素变化,促使水体和底质生境条件改变,导致河湖关键生物种群、生态系统结构及“清水草型”/“浊水藻型”生态类型动态演替,从而深刻影响河湖生态环境。在梳理河湖水系连通联合调度方法的基础上,提出开展长江下游河湖水系连通工程的科学调控,需将水文水动力联动、生境条件变化、生态系统响应、水系连通动态调控有机结合起来,系统分析水系连通下相连河湖的生态响应机理,建立水动力-水质-水生态耦合模型进行仿真模拟,提出保障防洪安全、生态流量、循环畅通的多目标联合调度方案,充分发挥其在水网建设、河湖生态环境复苏等方面的成效。

疫情影响下长沙市某污水处理厂水量水质统计分析

为保障城市污水处理厂的安全运行和达标排放,文中选取长沙市某污水处理厂近6年进水水量和进出水水质数据进行统计和分析。结果表明:该污水处理厂的日均进水量在2018年—2023年3月近6年期间,于2020年达到最低,主要是受2020年年初新冠疫情所采取的封控措施影响;当年的进水水质受疫情和降雨量的双重影响,除2022年外,2020年BOD_(5)、COD_(Cr)和SS浓度较其他年份均大幅下降,而氨氮、TN和TP浓度降低相对较小。2022年进水BOD_(5)和SS低于其他年份可能是受2022年相对严重的疫情和干旱天气的影响,管道中污染物沉积进行厌氧水解导致。以疫情初始的2020年数据为研究对象,该年内各水质指标的进水浓度波动范围较大,总体上在冬季相对较高,在1月底—2月底和夏季偏低。实测出水水质浓度均达到设计出水水质标准,其中SS的去除率最高,而TN的去除率最低,改良式序列间歇反应器(MSBR)能够去除大部分的TN和氨氮。进水BOD_(5)/COD_(Cr)、BOD_(5)/TN和BOD_(5)/TP的平均值分别为0.58、4.95和46.34,1月底—2月底受疫情影响出现短暂的急剧变化,但总体进水可生化性较好、碳源充足,可采用生物除磷工艺。在碳源不足时,为保证出水达标,可考虑化学辅助除磷。研究结果可为疫情影响下类似污水处理厂的设计和运行提供参考。

高校CASS污水站升级改造倒置AAO工艺设计实践

循环活性污泥技术(CASS)工艺应用广泛但出水氮磷超标风险大,尤其针对以“早中晚排放高峰水质水量差异性大”为典型特征的高校污水,更难达标排放,普遍面临升级改造问题。以某独立学院2200 m^(3)/d的CASS污水处理站升级为例,仅通过四步原位改造:1)加装旋流推进器强化调节池竖向混合;2)切割连通1~3#CASS预反应池打造成折流厌氧池;3)增加挂膜实现1~2#CASS主反应池好氧生化负荷提升;4)3∶2分隔3#CASS主反应池构建缺氧池与二沉池,成功将CASS升级改造为改良型倒置AAO工艺。同时配套“混凝+纤维过滤”三级处理单元,在仅投资120万元的情况下,有效克服了高校水质波动的影响,极大地提升了工艺脱氮除磷性能,具有较好的经济优势和借鉴意义。

济西国家湿地浮游植物群落结构及水质响应

为研究人工城市湿地浮游植物的季节性变化及水质因子对浮游植物群落结构变化的影响,于2020年4月至2021年3月,对济西国家湿地逐月进行浮游植物和水质调查,通过典范对应分析(CCA)研究浮游植物群落结构变化与水质因子的响应关系,并分别用浮游植物密度、生物多样性指数对水体进行水华程度及水质评价。结果表明,共发现浮游植物8门166种(属),绿藻门和蓝藻门在物种组成和密度组成占优势地位,浮游植物物种数和密度在夏、秋两季较高,冬季明显变小,生态保育区物种数和密度最高。香农维纳(Shannon-Weiner)多样性指数(H′)和皮耶罗(Pielou)均匀度指数(J)均在夏季达到最大值,冬季为最小值,科普宣教区最高,生态恢复区最低。总磷、水温、氨氮和电导率对济西国家湿地浮游植物群落结构影响显著。研究表明,济西国家湿地水体属于轻度水华,轻度污染状态,浮游植物群落结构时空差异明显。

高风险饮用水水源保护区两种划分方法对比研究——以山区某水库为例

以山区某水库为例,分别采用应急响应时间法和数值模型计算法划定某水库饮用水水源保护区,对比分析两种方法划定的保护区格局差异,以期为高风险饮用水水源地保护区的划分和调整提供案例和方法参考。结果表明,应急响应时间法和数值模型计算法划定的保护区格局相似,但两种方法在水源保护区二级区和准保护区划定范围上有所不同。针对某水库环境风险现状,提出水源保护区风险应急体系建设建议。