Optimizing Bucket Elevator Performance through a Blend of Discrete Element Method, Response Surface Methodology, and Firefly Algorithm Approaches

This research introduces a novel approach to enhancing bucket elevator design and operation through the integration of discrete element method(DEM)simulation,design of experiments(DOE),and metaheuristic optimization algorithms.Specifically,the study employs the firefly algorithm(FA),a metaheuristic optimization technique,to optimize bucket elevator parameters for maximizing transport mass and mass flow rate discharge of granular materials under specified working conditions.The experimental methodology involves several key steps:screening experiments to identify significant factors affecting bucket elevator operation,central composite design(CCD)experiments to further explore these factors,and response surface methodology(RSM)to create predictive models for transport mass and mass flow rate discharge.The FA algorithm is then applied to optimize these models,and the results are validated through simulation and empirical experiments.The study validates the optimized parameters through simulation and empirical experiments,comparing results with DEM simulation.The outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of the FA algorithm in identifying optimal bucket parameters,showcasing less than 10%and 15%deviation for transport mass and mass flow rate discharge,respectively,between predicted and actual values.Overall,this research provides insights into the critical factors influencing bucket elevator operation and offers a systematic methodology for optimizing bucket parameters,contributing to more efficient material handling in various industrial applications.

Response surface method using grey relational analysis for decision making in weapon system selection

A proper weapon system is very important for a na- tional defense system. Generally, it means selecting the optimal weapon system among many alternatives, which is a multiple- attribute decision making （MADM） problem. This paper proposes a new mathematical model based on the response surface method （RSM） and the grey relational analysis （GRA）. RSM is used to obtain the experimental points and analyze the factors that have a significant impact on the selection results. GRA is used to an- alyze the trend relationship between alternatives and reference series. And then an RSM model is obtained, which can be used to calculate all alternatives and obtain ranking results. A real world application is introduced to illustrate the utilization of the model for the weapon selection problem. The results show that this model can be used to help decision-makers to make a quick comparison of alternatives and select a proper weapon system from multiple alternatives, which is an effective and adaptable method for solving the weapon system selection problem.

Optimization of the gas separation performance of polyurethane–zeolite 3A and ZSM-5 mixed matrix membranes using response surface methodology

In the present work, the response surface method software was used with five measurement levels with three factors.These were applied for the optimization of operating parameters that affected gas separation performance of polyurethane–zeolite 3A, ZSM-5 mixed matrix membranes.The basis of the experiments was a rotatable central composite design(CCD).The three independent variables studied were: zeolite content(0–24 wt%), operating temperature(25–45 ℃) and operating pressure(0.2–0.1 MPa).The effects of these three variables on the selectivity and permeability membranes were studied by the analysis of variance(ANOVA).Optimal conditions for the enhancement of gas separation performances of polyurethane–3A zeolite were found to be 18 wt%, 30 ℃ and 0.8 MPa respectively.Under these conditions, the permeabilities of carbon dioxide, methane, oxygen and nitrogen gases were measured at 138.4, 22.9, 15.7 and 6.4 Barrer respectively while the CO_2/CH_4, CO_2/N_2 and O_2/N_2 selectivities were 5.8, 22.5 and 2.5, respectively.Also, the optimal conditions for improvement of the gas separation performance of polyurethane–ZSM 5 were found to be 15.64 wt%, 30 ℃ and 4 bar.The permeabilities of these four gases(i.e.carbon dioxide, methane, oxygen and nitrogen) were 164.7, 21.2, 21.5 and 8.1 Barrer while the CO_2/CH_4, CO_2/N_2 and O_2/N_2 selectivities were 7.8, 20.6 and 2.7 respectively.

Application of response surface method for optimal transfer conditions of multi-layer ceramic capacitor alignment system

The multi-layer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) alignment system aims at the inter-process automation between the first and the second plastic processes.As a result of testing performance verification of MLCC alignment system,the average alignment rates are 95% for 3216 chip,88.5% for 2012 chip and 90.8% for 3818 chip.The MLCC alignment system can be accepted for practical use because the average manual alignment is just 80%.In other words,the developed MLCC alignment system has been upgraded to a great extent,compared with manual alignment.Based on the successfully developed MLCC alignment system,the optimal transfer conditions have been explored by using RSM.The simulations using ADAMS has been performed according to the cube model of CCD.By using MiniTAB,the model of response surface has been established based on the simulation results.The optimal conditions resulted from the response optimization tool of MiniTAB has been verified by being assigned to the prototype of MLCC alignment system.

Sound Radiation Analysis of Damping Structure Based on Response Surface Method

The methods of modifying dimension and shape of structure, or covering damping material are effective to reduce structure-borne noise, while these methods are based on the knowledge of qualitative and quantitative relationship between sound radiation and design parameters. In order to decrease the complexity of the problem, response surface method(RSM) was utilized to analyze and optimize the vibro-acoustic properties of the damping structure. A simple case was illustrated to demonstrate the capabilities of the developed procedure. A structure-born noise problem was approximated by a series of polynomials using RSM. Three main performances were considered, i.e. sound radiation power, first order modal frequency and total mass. Consequently, the response surface model not only gives the direction of design modification, it also leads to an optimal design of complex systems.

Mechanical and Permeability Analysis and Optimization of Recycled Aggregate Pervious Concrete Based on Response Surface Method

In this paper,the effects of different influencing factors and factor interaction on the compressive strength and permeability of recycled aggregate pervious concrete(RAPC)were studied based on the response surface method(RSM).By selecting the maximum aggregate size,water cement ratio and target porosity as design variables,combined with laboratory tests and numerical analysis,the influences of three factors on the compressive strength and permeability coefficient of RAPC were revealed.The regression equation of compressive strength and permeability coefficient of recycled aggregate pervious concrete were established based on RSM,and the response surface model was optimized to determine the optimal ratio of RAPC under the conditions of meeting the mechanical and permeability properties.The results show that the mismatch item of the model is not significant,the model is credible,and the accuracy and reliability of the test are high,but the degree of uncorrelation between the test data and the model is not obvious.The sensitivity of the three factors to the compressive strength is water cement ratio>maximum coarse aggregate particle size>target porosity,and the sensitivity to the permeability coefficient is target porosity>maximum coarse aggregate particle size>water cement ratio.The absolute errors of the model prediction results and the model optimization results are 1.28 MPa and 0.19 mm/s,and the relative errors are 5.06%and 4.19%,respectively.With high accuracy,RSM can match the measured results of compressive strength and permeability coefficient of RAPC.

Optimization of Bead Geometry in CO₂Laser Welding of Ti 6Al 4V Using Response Surface Methodology

In the presented study, the laser butt-welding of Ti 6Al 4V is investigated using 2.2 kw CO2 laser. Ti 6Al 4V alloy has widespread application in various fields of industries including the medical, nuclear and aerospace. In this study, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is employed to establish the design of experiments and to optimize the bead geometry. The relationships between the input laser-welding parameters (i.e. laser power, welding speed and focal point position) and the process responses (i.e. welded zone width, heat affected zone width, welded zone area, heat affected zone area and penetration depth) are investigated. The multi-response optimizations are used to optimize the welding process. The optimum welding conditions are identified in order to increase the productivity and minimize the total operating cost. The validation results demonstrate that the developed models are accurate with low percentages of error (less than 12.5%).

Reliability analysis of slopes considering spatial variability of soil properties based on efficiently identified representative slip surfaces

Slope reliability analysis considering inherent spatial variability(ISV)of soil properties is timeconsuming when response surface method(RSM)is used,because of the"curse of dimensionality".This paper proposes an effective method for identification of representative slip surfaces(RSSs)of slopes with spatially varied soils within the framework of limit equilibrium method(LEM),which utilizes an adaptive K-means clustering approach.Then,an improved slope reliability analysis based on the RSSs and RSM considering soil spatial variability,in perspective of computation efficiency,is established.The detailed implementation procedure of the proposed method is well documented,and the ability of the method in identifying RSSs and estimating reliability is investigated via three slope examples.Results show that the proposed method can automatically identify the RSSs of slope with only one evaluation of the conventional deterministic slope stability model.The RSSs are invariant with the statistics of soil properties,which allows parametric studies that are often required in slope reliability analysis to be efficiently achieved with ease.It is also found that the proposed method provides comparable values of factor of safety(FS)and probability of failure(Pf)of slopes with those obtained from direct analysis and lite rature.

RSM优化焚烧底灰胶凝材料及安全性评价

为了将生活垃圾焚烧底灰(MSWI-BA)进行资源化利用,基于响应面中心复合试验法(RSM-CCD)研究了不同活性激发方式对经过预处理的MSWI-BA水泥胶砂试块28 d抗压强度的影响.结果表明:活性激发MSWI-BA胶凝材料具有较好的胶凝活性;采用RSM-CCD得到,掺10%MSWI-BA水泥胶砂试块在最佳试验条件下的28 d抗压强度计算值为46.04 MPa,实测值为46.15 MPa,二者符合较好,为MSWI-BA的资源化利用提供了一种解决方法;MSWI-BA胶凝材料的安全性较好,重金属浸出性能满足GB 30760—2014《水泥窑协同处置固体废物技术规范》的要求.

Improved response surface method for anti-slide reliability analysis of gravity dam based on weighted regression

The aim of this study was to design and construct an improved response surface method(RSM) based on weighted regression for the anti-slide reliability analysis of concrete gravity dam.The limitation and lacuna of the traditional RSM were briefly analyzed.Firstly,based on small experimental points,research was devoted to an improved RSM with singular value decomposition techniques.Then,the method was used on the basis of weighted regression and deviation coefficient correction to reduce iteration times and experimental points and improve the calculation method of checking point.Finally,a test example was given to verify this method.Compared with other conventional algorithms,this method has some strong advantages:this algorithm not only saves the arithmetic operations but also greatly enhances the calculation efficiency and the storage efficiency.

Response surface method for modeling the removal of carbon dioxide from a simulated gas using water absorption enhanced with a liquid-film-forming device

This paper presents the results from using a physical absorption process to absorb gaseous CO2mixed with N2using water by producing tiny bubbles via a liquid-film-forming device（LFFD）that improves the solubility of CO2in water.The influence of various parameters—pressure,initial CO2concentration,gas-to-liquid ratios,and temperature—on the CO2removal efficiency and its absorption rate in water were investigated and estimated thoroughly by statistical polynomial models obtained by the utilization of the response surface method（RSM）with a central composite design（CCD）.Based on the analysis,a high efficiency of CO2capture can be reached in conditions such as low pressure,high CO2concentration at the inlet,low gas/liquid ratio,and low temperature.For instance,the highest removal efficiency in the RSM–CCD experimental matrix of nearly 80%occurred for run number 20,which was conducted at 0.30 MPa,CO2concentration of 35%,gas/liquid ratio of 0.71,and temperature of 15℃.Furthermore,the coefficients of determination,R^2,were 0.996 for the removal rate and 0.982 for the absorption rate,implying that the predicted values computed by the constructed models correlate strongly and fit well with the experimental values.The results obtained provide essential information for implementing this method properly and effectively and contribute a promising approach to the problem of CO2capture in air pollution treatment.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Surface-Mounted and Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Taguchi Method and Response Surface Method

The surface-mounted and interior permanent magnet synchronous motor(SIPMSM)has the characteristics of multiple variables,strong coupling and nonlinearity.In order to improve the performance of SIPMSM,this paper presents a multi-objective optimal design process using Taguchi and response surface methodology(RSM).The peak value of cogging torque(PVCT),ratio value of average torque and permanent magnet weight(RTW),torque ripple and back-EMF total harmonics distortion(ETHD)are selected as optimization goals.The experiment matrix is established by Taguchi method,and analyzed the tendency and proportion of the effect of the optimization parameters on SIPMSM performance.The rules of choosing multi-objective optimization parameters are obtained.The least-squares method is used to establish the optimal objective function,and RSM is used to obtain the resolutions of the optimization objective function.Comparing the initial performance with optimized performance verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method.

基于响应面法(RSM)的锻造预成形多目标优化设计

以航空发动机涡轮盘锻件为研究对象,应用响应面法(Response Surface Methodology,RSM)和有限元数值模拟(FEM)对锻造过程预成形设计的多目标优化问题进行了研究。首先以模具充填完整和提高锻件内变形均匀性为目标,建立了有限元数值模拟与响应面法相结合的二阶分析模型,并对优化结果进行了讨论。其次,在原优化设计的基础上以降低锻造过程的成形载荷为目标进行了预成形再设计。结果表明,应用响应面法可灵活有效的对难变形材料锻造预成形坯料形状进行多目标优化设计。

基于RSM的胶结充填体强度回归及料浆寻优研究

为了提升充填料浆性价比,针对多种骨料混合充填类矿山开展料浆优化配比研究。首先,根据骨料物化性质,采用Talbol理论分析碎石-棒磨砂的最大堆积密实度并确定碎石与棒磨砂这2种材料的最优配比范围;然后,根据响应面法(RSM)提供的中心复合试验方案进行17组配比试验,构建强度为响应值的回归模型,揭示料浆质量分数、碎棒比(碎石与棒磨砂的质量比)和胶砂比(水泥和骨料的质量比)单一或交互作用对充填体强度的影响机制。最后,采用目标规划法对充填料浆配合比寻优。研究结果表明:强度对单一因素的响应极敏感,对因素交互的响应具有显著性;在因素交互下,早期强度对料浆质量分数和胶砂比交互作用敏感,中期强度受碎棒比和胶砂比的交互作用影响大,料浆质量分数和碎棒比的交互作用对后期强度影响显著;考虑性价比的料浆最优配合比是料浆质量分数为77%,碎棒比为2.33,胶砂比为1:5,该配合比满足金川二矿区输送与充填强度设计标准。

基于RSM-BBD的混合骨料充填料浆配比优化

针对混合骨料充填矿山,为了确定充填料浆优化配比,首先进行充填材料物化特性分析,在此基础上,根据泰波级配理论和最大堆积密实度理论,确定棒磨砂-废石配比;然后采用BBD响应面法设计13组试验,研究料浆质量分数、胶砂比(胶凝材料与骨料的比值)、混合骨料配比对充填体强度影响规律.最后以各龄期强度为响应值构建响应面模型,揭示各响应参数与目标响应量相关关系及多目标条件下充填料浆优化配比.研究结果表明,充填体强度不仅受单因素影响,而且各因素间交互作用对充填体也有很大影响.其中料浆质量分数与骨料配比的交互作用对充填体早期强度起决定性作用,胶砂比与骨料配比的交互作用对充填体中期强度影响显著,充填体后期强度受料浆质量分数和胶砂比交互作用影响较大.以充填成本作为目标建立优化模型进行优化,由此获得充填料浆的优化配比为:料浆质量分数80%,胶砂比为1∶6,棒磨砂-废石配比为3∶7.通过试验验证满足金川矿山充填体强度要求.

结合RSM和田口方法改进产品/过程质量

对产品 /过程参数进行优化时 ,响应曲面方法 (RSM)和田口方法各有优缺点。本文在对两种方法的优缺点分析比较的基础上 ,提出了运用双响应曲面方法将 RSM和田口方法结合起来 ,实现优势互补 ,以期能更有效地改进产品 /过程质量。

钛合金叶片精锻工艺的RSM优化方法

提出了一种基于有限元数值模拟和响应面法对叶片精锻工艺的优化方法,给出了表征叶片锻模型腔填充特性的新型目标函数,讨论了叶片平衡角及毛坯尺寸对叶片锻模填充过程的影响,构造了目标函数对设计变量的响应面函数。以钛合金叶片精锻过程为例,应用所提出的方法对现行工艺条件下的叶片平衡角和毛坯宽厚比进行了组合优化,所得结果有助于钛合金叶片精锻工艺设计和钛合金叶片锻件质量控制。

钛合金叶片坯料的响应面(RSM)优化方法

生产高质量的钛合金叶片设计是关键。提出了将响应面法(ResponseSurfaceMethod,RSM)和数值模拟(Finite element method,FEM)相结合以优化叶片类锻件用坯料的方法,详细描述了该方法的求解过程,构造了表征叶片各部分应变和温度均匀性的函数。将此方法应用于带阻尼台的钛合金风扇叶片预成形坯料的优化,确定出了最优坯料的形状。用该方法确定出的最优坯料能得到满意的成形效果和组织均匀性。

基于RSM的永磁驱动器偏心磁极的多目标优化

本文设计了一种具有偏心磁极结构的永磁驱动器,采用三维有限元仿真建立改进的永磁驱动器的样本空间,通过中心复合试验设计选取合适的试验点,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对试验点处的永磁驱动器重量、涡流损耗和输出转矩进行分析计算,获取响应值。根据响应值建立改进的永磁驱动器二阶响应面回归模型。并基于该回归模型,在确保永磁驱动器输出转矩不小于额定转矩的情况下,选择重量和涡流损耗功率最小为优化目标,利用自适应权重粒子群算法对永磁驱动器偏心磁极结构进行多目标优化,得出最优结构参数组合。有限元仿真实验对比改进前后永磁驱动器的磁通密度和涡流密度分布的结果,验证了该优化方法的可行性。优化结果使改进的永磁驱动器重量与原样机相比减少了1.145 kg,涡流损耗功率减小了70.76 W,提高了永磁驱动器的传动转矩,进一步提高了系统的工作效率。

RSM分析测试条件对蓝莓TPA质构参数的影响

用响应面法分析了15%~55%的压缩程度和30~150 mm/min的压缩速率对蓝莓TPA质构参数的影响.研究发现:压缩程度对硬度1、硬度2、内聚性、弹性、咀嚼性以及回复性6项质构参数均有极显著影响(P【0.01);压缩程度的二次方仅对硬度1、硬度2、内聚性、回复性4项质构参数影响极显著(P【0.01);压缩速率仅对回复性影响极显著(P【0.01),对弹性影响较为显著(P【0.05);压缩速率的二次方以及压缩程度与压缩速率的交互作用对各项质构参数均无显著影响(P】0.05).根据拟合方程的F值、R2值以及失拟项可知,各项TPA质构参数受测试条件的影响程度由高到低依次为回复性、内聚性、硬度1、弹性、咀嚼性、硬度2.