Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid regulates tissue inflammation and apoptosis in mice with influenza virus pneumonia

Background:The influenza A virus is the primary cause of respiratory infections and poses a global health risk.Pudilan Xiaoyan oral liquid(PDL)exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.PDL is commonly employed in clinical practice to manage upper respiratory tract infections.However,there is still much to uncover regarding its potential therapeutic mechanism.Methods:Institute of cancer research mice were infected with influenza A virus via nasal drip.The general state of the mice,lung index,and lung index inhibition rate were used to evaluate the efficacy of PDL.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,western blotting,and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the presence of proteins and cytokines in the lung tissue.Apoptosis was evaluated using the TUNEL assay.Results:PDL improved the mental state of influenza A virus-infected mice,reduced the lung index,and inhibited viral replication.The expression of interleukin-1βand tumor necrosis factor-αwere decreased,whereas the expression of interleukin-10 in the lung tissue was increased due to PDL treatment.In addition,PDL treatment modulated Toll-like receptor 4 and MyD88 expressions in the lung tissues.PDL significantly reduced apoptosis and decreased cleaved caspase-3 and PARP levels,whereas increased B-cell lymphoma-2 expression in the lung tissue.Notably,the moderate-dose group of PDL exhibited a more pronounced effect.These findings indicate that PDL exerts a protective effect against pneumonia injury in influenza A virus-infected mice.Conclusion:PDL inhibited the inflammatory response and regulated apoptosis by regulating Toll-like receptor 4 and MyD88 protein expressions,thereby protecting the lung tissue from viral infection-induced lung tissue injury.

Optimization on the Conversion of Bamboo Shoot Shell to Levulinic Acid with Environmentally Benign Acidic Ionic Liquid and Response Surface Analysis

Levulinic acid(LA) has been identified as a promising green,biomass derived platform chemical.Response surface analysis(RSA) with a four-factor-five-level central composite design(CCD) was applied to optimize the hydrolysis conditions for the conversion of bamboo(Phyllostachys Praecox f.preveynalis) shoot shell(BSS) to LA catalyzed with ionic liquid [C4mim]HSO4.The effects of four main reaction parameters including temperature,time,C[C4mim]HSO4(initial [C4mim]HSO4 concentration) and XBSS(initial BSS intake) on the hydrolysis reaction for yield of LA were analyzed.A quadratic equation model for yield of LA was established and fitted to the data with an R2 of 0.9868,and effects of main factors and their corresponding relationships were obtained with RSA.Model validation and results of CCD showed good correspondence between actual and predicted values.The analysis of variance(ANOVA) of the results indicated that the yield of LA in the range studied was significantly(P<0.05) affected by the four factors.The optimized reaction conditions were as follows:temperature of 145 ℃,time of 103.8 min,C[C4mim]HSO4 of 0.9 mol.L-1 and XBSS of 2.04%(by mass),respectively.A high yield [(71±0.41)%(by mol),triplicate experiment] was obtained at the optimum conditions of temperature of 145 ℃,time of 104 min,C[C4mim]HSO4 of 0.9 mol.L-1 and XBSS of 2%(by mass),which obtained from the real experiments,concurred with the model prediction [73.8%(by mol) based on available C6 sugars in BSS or 17.9%(by mass) based on the mass of BSS],indicating that the model was adequate for the hydrolysis process.

A Self-Powered Nanogenerator for the Electrical Protection of Integrated Circuits from Trace Amounts of Liquid

With the increase in the use of electronic devices in many different environments,a need has arisen for an easily implemented method for the rapid,sensitive detection of liquids in the vicinity of electronic components.In this work,a high-performance power generator that combines carbon nanoparticles and TiO2 nanowires has been fabricated by sequential electrophoretic deposition(EPD).The opencircuit voltage and short-circuit current of a single generator are found to exceed 0.7 V and 100μA when 6μL of water was applied.The generator is also found to have a stable and reproducible response to other liquids.An output voltage of 0.3 V was obtained after 244,876,931,and 184μs,on exposure of the generator to 6μL of water,ethanol,acetone,and methanol,respectively.The fast response time and high sensitivity to liquids show that the device has great potential for the detection of small quantities of liquid.In addition,the simple easily implemented sequential EPD method ensures the high mechanical strength of the device.This compact,reliable device provides a new method for the sensitive,rapid detection of extraneous liquids before they can impact the performance of electronic circuits,particularly those on printed circuit board.

Laboratory-scale investigation of response characteristics of liquid-filled rock joints with different joint inclinations under dynamic loading

In underground rock engineering,water-bearing faults may be subjected to dynamic loading,resulting in the coupling of hydraulic and dynamic hazards.Understanding the interaction mechanism between the stress waves induced by dynamic loadings and liquid-filled rock joints is therefore crucial.In this study,an auxiliary device for simulating the liquid-filled layer was developed to analyze the dynamic response characteristics of liquid-filled rock joints in laboratory.Granite and polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)specimens were chosen for testing,and high-amplitude shock waves induced by a split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)were used to produce dynamic loadings.Impact loading tests were conducted on liquid-filled rock joints with different joint inclinations.The energy propagation coefficient and peak liquid pressure were proposed to investigate the energy propagation and attenuation of waves propagating across the joints,as well as the dynamic response characteristics of the liquid in the liquid-filled rock joints.For the inclination angle range considered herein,the experimental results showed that the energy propagation coefficient gently diminished with increasing joint inclination,and smaller coefficient values were obtained for granite specimens compared with PMMA specimens.The peak liquid pressure exhibited a gradually decreasing trend with increasing joint inclination,and the peak pressure for granite specimens was slightly higher than that for PMMA specimens.Overall,this paper may provide a considerably better method for studying liquid-filled rock joints at the laboratory scale,and serves as a guide for interpreting the underlying mechanisms for interactions between stress waves and liquid-filled rock joints.

WELCOME TO THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS AND CARCINOGENESIS

During the Fifth International Conference onEnvironmental Mutagens which was held in Cleveland,Ohio,USA on July 10-15,1989,the idea of organizing anInternational Symposium on Environmental Mutagenesisand Carcinogenesis in China was conceived.The ChineseEnvironmental Mutagen Society and the Institute of Genet-ics of Fudan University accepted the responsibility.

Transient thermo-mechanical analysis for bimorph soft robot based on thermally responsive liquid crystal elastomers

Thermally responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) hold great promise in applications of soft robots and actuators because of the induced size and shape change with temperature. Experiments have successfully demonstrated that the LCE based bimorphs can be effective soft robots once integrated with soft sensors and thermal actuators. Here, we present an analytical transient thermo-mechanical model for a bimorph structure based soft robot, which consists of a strip of LCE and a thermal inert polymer actuated by an ultra-thin stretchable open-mesh shaped heater to mimic the unique locomotion behaviors of an inchworm. The coupled mechanical and thermal analysis based on the thermo-mechanical theory is carried out to underpin the transient bending behavior, and a systematic understanding is therefore achieved. The key analytical results reveal that the thickness and the modulus ratio of the LCE and the inert polymer layer dominate the transient bending deformation. The analytical results will not only render fundamental understanding of the actuation of bimorph structures, but also facilitate the rational design of soft robotics.

A minimal model for the auxetic response of liquid crystal elastomers

We develop a minimal phenomenological model to describe the auxetic response recently observed in liquid crystal elastomers, and further determine by theoretical calculation the critical condition required for the auxetic response to occur.

Enterprises' Responsibility for Environment Protection in the Sharing Economy Era

The representative private enterprises in a town were studied, and how can they get out of the pollution predicament based on cooperation and participation in the background of sharing economy was analyzed, which has huge value for the development of non-public enterprises in China in the sharing economy era.

Spastin interacts with collapsin response mediator protein 3 to regulate neurite growth and branching

Cytoskeletal microtubule rearrangement and movement are crucial in the repair of spinal cord injury.Spastin plays an important role in the regulation of microtubule severing.Both spastin and collapsin response mediator proteins can regulate neurite growth and branching;however,whether spastin interacts with collapsin response mediator protein 3(CRMP3)during this process remains unclear,as is the mechanism by which CRMP3 participates in the repair of spinal cord injury.In this study,we used a proteomics approach to identify key proteins associated with spinal cord injury repair.We then employed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify proteins that were able to interact with glutathione S-transferase-spastin.Then,co-immunoprecipitation and staining approaches were used to evaluate potential interactions between spastin and CRMP3.Finally,we co-transfected primary hippocampal neurons with CRMP3 and spastin to evaluate their role in neurite outgrowth.Mass spectrometry identified the role of CRMP3 in the spinal cord injury repair process.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry pulldown assays identified three CRMP3 peptides that were able to interact with spastin.CRMP3 and spastin were co-expressed in the spinal cord and were able to interact with one another in vitro and in vivo.Lastly,CRMP3 overexpression was able to enhance the ability of spastin to promote neurite growth and branching.Therefore,our results confirm that spastin and CRMP3 play roles in spinal cord injury repair by regulating neurite growth and branching.These proteins may therefore be novel targets for spinal cord injury repair.The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Jinan University,China approved this study(approval No.IACUS-20181008-03)on October 8,2018.

Into the life and death: RecA a WISE factor working to integrate survival and evolution in <i>Escherichia coli</i>

Escherichia coli RecA has been considered traditionally a cellular protein with multiple vital functions working to ensure the maintenance of integrity of genome in each individual bacterial cell as well as promoting swarming migration in collectivity. On the contrary, recently it has been described that RecA promotes cellular apoptotic-like death (ALD), a pathway of programmed cellular death (PCD). In fact, RecA has been dubbed as the major apoptotic executor in E. coli. From these studies, RecA emerges as a prototypical Gin/Gan protein that despite of their intrinsic vital and lethal anfi-funcionality becomes in a WISE factor: a Worker to Integrate Survival and Evolution in E. coli evolving populations living in community. Here, I provide a review of recent experimental and conceptual advances trying to understand these RecA’s antagonistic roles in appearance contradictory under a unified biological vision.

The Great Historic Journey of Chinese Diplomacy

Throughout history, the fundamental purpose of China's diplomacy has been to serve the great historic journey of the Chinese people to stand up, grow prosperous and be strong. China's diplomacy will continue to uphold its unshakable ideals and beliefs as well as its sense of responsibility as a major country, and build a community of shared future for humanity in an active and prudent manner.

企业社会责任的“责任”究竟是什么

企业社会责任是从企业主体性出发,在保持好组织绩效的基础上,对员工和在地社区负责,并传递、展示和倡导积极的社会公共价值。企业社会责任是“有限”责任。企业是一种具有特殊性质的组织形式,负担的社会责任也必须与企业组织的固有特征以及特定企业的目标与使命相关。社会也应当适当降低对企业社会责任的预期,大致界定企业与其他社会组织的边界,防止企业承担无限责任。企业社会责任的履行应当寻求内生性的约束机制。传统的外部监管机制成本巨大,且不可能消除监管漏洞。企业社会责任履行机制的设计应当更多地考虑利用企业的存续高度依赖于其他社会成员合作的特性,以社会信用机制提高企业的合作成本与自律成本,形成有效约束力。为克服企业社会责任的履行困境,应改变观念,并从内生性约束角度规约企业行为,而不是通过无节制地加强监管或惩罚去实现,那样做只会耗费更多的社会成本却收效甚微。管理者必须做出根本的改变,理解企业组织和管理者自身的存在意义,拒绝功利主义的诱惑,敢于承担企业的“有限”社会责任,不负企业使命。

卵孢长根菇液体发酵培养基配方优化

以卵孢长根菇菌株H1为试材,以菌丝生物量为主要评价指标,在碳氮源单因素试验的基础上,采用Plackett-Burman设计对影响卵孢长根菇液体发酵培养生物量的主效因素进行筛选,通过最陡爬坡试验及Box-Benhnken响应面法对卵孢长根菇液体发酵培养基成分进行优化,以期获取优良液体菌种,为工厂化大规模生产卵孢长根菇提供保障。结果表明,适合卵孢长根菇的最适碳源为玉米粉,最适氮源为豆粕粉。当摇床转速150 r/min、培养温度为25℃时,优化后卵孢长根菇液体发酵培养基成分为葡萄糖25.8 g/L、玉米粉26.0 g/L、KH_(2)PO_(4)1.0 g/L、豆粕粉1.5 g/L、酵母粉1.0 g/L、MgSO_(4)0.4 g/L、维生素B1(VB1)0.01 mg/L,其卵孢长根菇菌丝生物量可达23.2 g/L。与常规培养基对比,培养周期缩短3 d,菌丝活力更高。

桦褐孔菌发酵豆乳的工艺探究及品质分析

为开发出一种新型桦褐孔菌发酵豆乳饮料,采用液体发酵技术,以东北黄豆为原料,以桦褐孔菌为发酵剂研制发酵型功能性豆乳饮料。以桦褐孔菌发酵豆乳多糖含量作为指标,采用单因素试验及响应面法对桦褐孔菌豆乳发酵工艺进行优化。结果表明:桦褐孔菌豆乳的最佳发酵工艺条件为接种量6.3%、豆浆添加量119 mL、发酵温度28℃、发酵时间4 d,测得多糖含量4.55μg/mL。发酵后饮料添加5%蔗糖、0.10%乳酸和2.00%的蜂蜜可明显提高产品适口性和品质。

地方铁路引入社会资本的合作机制研究

地方铁路为地方经济和铁路行业的持续发展发挥了重要作用。随着地方政府铁路事权和支出责任的逐步增强,地方铁路建设发展面临着诸多问题。尤其是在引入社会资本时,地方政府与社会资本之间的责任和风险不能合理配置,这极大影响了地方铁路的健康发展。以罗定铁路为案例,通过分析政府为缓解债务压力引入民营资本,却被民营资本套牢又不得不重回政府主导的建设发展历程,阐明铁路实现可持续发展所要遵循的客观规律,进一步总结罗定铁路引入社会资本过程中的经验教训。认为地方政府应树立“有责政府”主体意识,重视铁路的经济属性、资本属性和风险属性,引入社会资本合作时要加强在市场准入、利益分配、风险分担和激励约束等方面的机制建设。

论网络平台的混合式监管

伴随网络平台在网络交易秩序管控中的地位提升,行政立法不断强化网络平台对网络交易秩序的管理责任,片面依靠强化网络平台管理责任来保障网络交易安全的立法思路,混淆了企业与政府在网络交易监管中的责任边界,难以有效实现对网络交易安全与市场秩序的管控,甚至间接推动了平台垄断的形成。随着平台反垄断的深入,在日益复杂的网络交易关系之下,网络交易秩序的治理问题应当置于更广、更开放的社会系统中考虑,对此,应当创新网络监管职权履行模式,引入分布式的平等交互机制,构建科技驱动式监管模式,提高监管效率;同时,拓展网络职权履行的主体,发展协作式的混合管理机制,结合合作监管与自律监管,优化监管效果,从而实现平台与政府在互联网经济模式下对网络交易秩序的合作治理。

数字经济条件下电商平台责任认定难题和治理出路

在我国大力发展数字经济的时代背景下,电商平台具有独特的法律地位,在为平台内经营者与消费者之间搭建交易平台时,其凭借与二者间形成的平台服务关系,间接地对交易关系发挥着实质影响,成为隔离买卖双方的信息要素持有者。在消费者权益保护方面,我国立法虽然严格地规定了电商平台的过错责任和连带责任,但在因平台消费引发的民事案件中,极少出现判令由平台向消费者担责的判例。细究判理,虽然立法上有较为全面的责任设计,但与个案层面人民法院需要遵循的追责逻辑并不契合,立法规定的电商平台责任面临着严重的实施困境。从实践情况看,困境集中表现为:在认定平台存在主观明知时缺乏裁判标准,在确认违法经营行为出现后电商平台所采取的措施是否具有必要性时缺乏明确的程度衡量规范,导致消费者因举证不力而败诉。根本上讲,原因在于相关立法仍秉承电商平台是交易辅助人的传统思维。这与其在数字经济凭借技术优势对买卖双方享有的强势地位并不相符,故而应当基于数字经济区别于传统经济的特征,构建涉电商平台纠纷的数字经济责任模式;在价值理念上纠正商品服务关系中认定电商平台的误区,回到平台与用户的数字信息服务关系上,明确其应当负有的法律责任,促进平台与政府、用户、社会主体共同打造数字经济秩序的治理合作关系。

计及需求响应和季节性氢储的多微网合作运行策略

为促进可再生能源的消纳,解决综合能源系统中源荷季节性不平衡的问题,提出一种计及需求响应和季节性氢储的多微网合作运行策略.首先对综合能源系统中的季节性氢储系统和用户的需求响应行为进行建模,随后通过电力通道将多个微网连接成多微网系统.由于各个微网属于不同的利益主体,微网与用户之间也存在利益交互,因此引入合作-主从博弈框架对本文多利益主体博弈进行描述,其中主从博弈中多微网系统为领导者,能源用户为跟随者.在对主从博弈求解完成后,最后提出一种议价能力对各微网联盟的贡献进行描述,利用纳什议价对各微网的合作利益进行合理分配.算例表明,本文策略可有效促进可再生能源的消纳,降低用户购能成本和促进各微网能源传输.

不同产地杜仲叶活性成分的定量分析

通过杜仲叶中主要活性成分绿原酸的提取率,优化杜仲叶活性成分的提取工艺,比较不同产地杜仲叶组成及含量的差异.以绿原酸为目标产物,通过单因素实验和Box-Behnken模型,并采用高效液相色谱法测定秦仲叶和华仲叶中芦丁、松脂醇二葡萄糖苷、金丝桃苷、绿原酸及没食子酸五种活性成分含量.单因素条件对两者叶的提取效果影响均为:提取温度>提取时间>乙醇体积分数>料液比.在最佳提取条件下,秦仲叶绿原酸提取率为62.94%,华仲叶绿原酸提取率为47.84%.两者叶中绿原酸含量最高,秦仲叶中芦丁、松脂醇二葡萄糖苷含量比华仲叶高出1.97倍和6.59倍,但华仲叶中金丝桃苷和绿原酸含量比秦仲叶高出1.41倍和1.16倍.本研究旨在为不同地域杜仲树种的选育以及临床上应用标准提供理论依据,帮助更加全面地评价不同产地杜仲药材质量.

乳腺纤维腺瘤手术后使用夏枯草口服液治疗的临床效果观察

目的 分析乳腺纤维腺瘤手术后使用夏枯草口服液治疗的效果。方法 采用方便抽样的方式将手术治疗的92例乳腺纤维腺瘤患者纳入本研究中,根据治疗方案的不同分为观察组与对照组,各46例。对照组患者术后进行常规消毒换药,观察组患者术后应用夏枯草口服液治疗。比较两组患者术后炎症指标水平、切口愈合时间、住院时间、视觉模拟评分法评分、术后并发症发生率。结果 观察组患者术后3 d与1周的C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α水平分别为(4.76±0.34)mg/L、(6.25±0.42)pg/ml、(3.22±0.38)μg/L与(2.38±0.51)mg/L、(4.09±0.42)pg/ml、(1.85±0.49)μg/L,均低于对照组的(5.39±0.31)mg/L、(7.67±0.45)pg/ml、(3.87±0.36)μg/L与(3.12±0.46)mg/L、(4.84±0.45)pg/ml、(2.37±0.42)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组切口愈合时间(4.20±1.65)d、住院时间(6.20±1.52)d短于对照组的(5.60±1.42)、(8.50±1.44)d,术后3 d的视觉模拟评分法评分(1.58±0.37)分低于对照组的(2.06±0.43)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者术后并发症发生率为2.17%,对照组的术后并发症发生率为15.22%,观察组的术后并发症发生率显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 乳腺纤维腺瘤患者术后使用夏枯草口服液能够减轻炎症反应,有利于减轻术后疼痛,促进切口愈合,减少并发症发生,有利于患者术后恢复。