Application of Quantum Sensing Technology in Power System Measurements

The accuracy of power system measurements directly affects the safe and stable operation of power grids. This study explores the application prospects of quantum sensing technology in power system measurements. The research first analyzes the limitations of traditional measurement techniques, such as electromagnetic interference sensitivity and measurement accuracy bottlenecks. It then introduces the basic principles of quantum sensing, including concepts like quantum entanglement and superposition states. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, the study assesses the potential advantages of quantum sensors in current, voltage, and magnetic field measurements. Results show that quantum magnetometers offer significant improvements in accuracy and interference resistance for current measurements. The study also discusses the application of quantum optical technology in high-voltage measurements, demonstrating its unique advantages in improving measurement dynamic range. However, quantum sensing technology still faces challenges in practical applications, such as technological maturity and cost. To address these issues, the research proposes a phased implementation strategy and industry-academia collaboration model. Finally, the study envisions future directions combining quantum sensing with artificial intelligence. This research provides a theoretical foundation for innovative upgrades in power system measurement technology.

Design and application of thickness measurement calibration system based on laser displacement sensor

This study aims to improve the accuracy and safety of steel plate thickness calibration.A differential noncontact thickness measurement calibration system based on laser displacement sensors was designed to address the problems of low precision of traditional contact thickness gauges and radiation risks of radiation-based thickness gauges.First,the measurement method and measurement structure of the thickness calibration system were introduced.Then,the hardware circuit of the thickness system was established based on the STM32 core chip.Finally,the system software was designed to implement system control to filter algorithms and human-computer interaction.Experiments have proven the excellent performance of the differential noncontact thickness measurement calibration system based on laser displacement sensors,which not only considerably improves measurement accuracy but also effectively reduces safety risks during the measurement process.The system offers guiding significance and application value in the field of steel plate production and processing.

Design of weak current measurement system and research on temperature impact

A dedicated weak current measurement system was designed to measure the weak currents generated by the neutron ionization chamber.This system incorporates a second-order low-pass filter circuit and the Kalman filtering algorithm to effectively filter out noise and minimize interference in the measurement results.Testing conducted under normal temperature conditions has demonstrated the system's high precision performance.However,it was observed that temperature variations can affect the measurement performance.Data were collected across temperatures ranging from -20 to 70℃,and a temperature correction model was established through linear regression fitting to address this issue.The feasibility of the temperature correction model was confirmed at temperatures of -5 and 40℃,where relative errors remained below 0.1% after applying the temperature correction.The research indicates that the designed measurement system exhibits excellent temperature adaptability and high precision,making it particularly suitable for measuring weak currents.

Research progress on micro-force measurement of a hydrate particle system

It remains a great challenge to understand the hydrates involved in phenomena in practical oil and gas systems.The adhesion forces between hydrate particles,between hydrate particles and pipe walls,and between hydrate particles and reservoir particles are essential factors that control the behaviors of clathrate hydrates in different applications.In this review,we summarize the typical micro-force measurement apparatus and methods utilized to study hydrate particle systems.In addition,the adhesion test results,the related understandings,and the applied numerical calculation models are systematically discussed.

Multi-View Structured Light 3D Measurement System

Vision-based measurement technology benefits high-quality manufacturers through improved dimensional precision,enhanced geo-metric tolerance,and increased product yield.The monocular 3D structured light visual sensing method is popular for detecting online parts since it can reach micron-meter depth accuracy.However,the line-of-sight requirement of a single viewpoint vision system often fails when hiding occurs due to the object’s surface structure,such as edges,slopes,and holes.To address this issue,a multi-view 3D structured light vi-sion system is proposed in this paper to achieve high accuracy,i.e.,Z-direction repeatability,and reduce hiding probability during mechani-cal dimension measurement.The main contribution of this paper includes the use of industrial cameras with high resolution and high frame rates to achieve high-precision 3D reconstruction.Moreover,a multi-wavelength(heterodyne)phase expansion method is employed for high-precision phase calculation.By leveraging multiple industrial cameras,the system overcomes field of view occlusions,thereby broadening the 3D reconstruction field of view.Finally,the system achieves a Z-axis repetition accuracy of 0.48µm.

Decreasing the error in the measurement of the ecosystem effective leaf area index of a Pinus massoniana forest

Decreasing the forest ecosystem leaf-area index error(LAIe)helps accurately estimate the growth and light energy utilization of aboveground foliage.Analyzing light transmission in forest ecosystems can effectively determine LAIe.The LAI-2200 plant canopy analyzer(PCA)is used extensively for rapid field-effective LAI(LAIe)measurements and primarily to measure forest canopy LAIe values.However,sometimes this parameter must also be measured in forests with small clearings.In this study,we used the LAI-2200 PCA to obtain one A-value and four B-values each for the canopy,herbaceous layer,and forest ecosystem LAIe.Field measurements showed that the three LAIe types were obviously different.In certain quadrats,the average herbaceous layer(Dicranopteris dichotoma Bernh.)LAIe apparently exceeded that of the Pinus massoniana forest ecosystem.The sources of this error were measuring and recording A-value readings for small canopies and underestimating the ecosystem LAIe.We obtained similar coefficients of determination for both the pre-recomputation and post-recomputation of the canopy and forest ecosystem LAIe(R^2C 0.96 and R^2C 0.99,respectively);thus,the error was decreased.Measuring field LAIe with the LAI-2200 PCA and recomputation should compensate for LAIe underestimation in complex forest ecosystems.

Instantaneous rotation speed measurement and error analysis for variable speed hydraulic system

In order to monitor the working state of piston motor and measure its instantaneous rotation speed accurately, the measuring principle and method of instantaneous rotation speed based on industrial personal computer and data acquisition card are introduced, and the major error source, influence mechanism and processing method of data quantization error are dis- cussed. By means of hybrid programming approach of LabVIEW and MATLAB, the instantaneous rotation speed measurement system for the piston motor in variable speed hydraulic system is designed. The simulation and experimental results show that the designed instantaneous speed measurement system is feasible. Furthermore, the sampling frequency has an important influ- ence on the instantaneous rotation speed measurement of piston motor and higher sampling frequency can lower quantization er- ror and improve measurement accuracy.

Robust H-infinity filtering on uncertain systems under sampled measurements

This paper is concerned with the problem of robust H-infinity filtering on uncertain systems under sampled measurements, both continuous disturbance and discrete disturbance are considered in the systems. The parameter uncertainty is assumed to be time-varying norm-bounded. The aim is to design an asymptotically stable filter, using the locally sampled measurements, which ensures both the robust asymptotic stability and a prescribed level of H-infinity performance for the filtering error dynamics for all admissible uncertainties. The derivation process is simplified by introducing auxiliary systems and the sufficient condition for the existence of such a filter is proposed. During the study, the main results were expressed as LMIs by employing various matrix techniques. Using LMI toolbox of Matlab software, it is very convenient to obtain the appropriate filter. Finally, a numerical example shows that the method is effective and feasible.

Application of Three-dimensional Body Measurement System

The configuration principles and functions of the non-contact three-dimensional （3D） body measurement system （BMS） developed by the Textile/Clothing Technology Corporation （[TC]^2） are described in this paper. The advantages of this new system, compared with traditional contact body measurement instruments （ Martin instruments ） are discussed by selecting 40 female undergraduates of Donghna University as the scan objects. In the experiments both the Martin instruments and [TC]^2 BMS were used respectively. According to the data of different position （Bust Circumference, Full Waist, Full Hips, Bust Height, Front Waist Height and Back Waist Height） obtained from both of the methods we can get the correlation coefficient which is close to 1, indicating that the results of both methods have comparability. Finally some suggestions for the further applications of the non-contact BMS in the apparel development of China are given.

A novel launch dynamics measurement system for multiple launch rocket system and comparative analysis with numerical simulations

In this paper,a novel launch dynamics measurement system based on the photoelectric sensor pair is built.The actual muzzle time(i.e.a time duration that originates from the initial movement to the rocket’s departure from the muzzle)and the muzzle velocity are measured.Compared with the classical methods,the actual muzzle time is obtained by eliminating the ignition delay.The comparative analysis method is proposed with numerical simulations established by the transfer matrix method for multibody systems.The experiment results indicate that the proposed measurement system can effectively measure the actual muzzle time and reduce the error of classical methods,which match well with the simulation results showing the launch dynamics model is reliable and helpful for further analysis and design of the MLRS.

A Multi-agent Architecture in CORBA Environment for Distributed Measurement System

The MACE - a Multi agent based distributed measurement architecture in CORBA environment used to develop intelligent distributed measurement system for remote control and monitoring of instruments over network such as Internet and Ethernet was proposed. The architecture is characterized by interoperability, collaboration and intelligence by means of CORBA and multi agent technologies. The architecture and exemplifies it by a common project was described.

A Moored Underwater Energy Conservation System for Profiling Measurement

There is a need to obtain the hydrologic data including ocean current, wave, temperature and so on in the South China Sea. A new profiling instrument which does not suffer from the damage due to nature forces or incidents caused by passing ships, is under development to acquire data from this area. This device is based on a taut single point mid-water mooring system. It incorporates a small, instrumented vertically profiling float attached via an electromechanical cable to a winch integral with the main subsurface flotation. On a pre-set schedule, the instrument float with sensors is winched up to the surface if there is no ship passing by, which is defined by an on-board miniature sonar. And it can be. inunediately winched down to a certain depth if the sonar sensor finds something is coming. Since, because of logistics, the area can only be visited once for a long time and a minimum of 10 times per day profiles are desired, energy demands are severe. To respond to these concerns, the system has been designed to conserve a substantial portion of the potential energy lost during the ascent phase of each profile and subsequently use this energy to pull the instrument down. Compared with the previous single-point layered measuring mode, it is advanced and economical. At last the paper introduces the test in the South China Sea.

Study on Coaxiality Measurement System of Compound Gear Shaft Based on Non⁃contact Optic

Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional contact measurement methods such as low measurement efficiency,high cost and low accuracy,a non-contact optical measurement method based on the laser displacement sensor is proposed.According to the relevant regulations of the coaxiality error evaluation standard and the structural characteristics of the compound gear shaft,we have designed and built a set of supporting software system as well as a hardware test platform.In this paper,the distance difference threshold and scale threshold methods are used to eliminate outlier data.The least squares circle is selected to calculate the center of the circle and the minimum containment cylinder axis method is used as the reference axis of the composite gear shaft.Compensated by the standard step shaft calibration,the coaxiality error of the composite gear shaft can be measured to be within 0.01 mm in less than two minutes.The range value of the multi-section measurement test is 0.065 mm.The average coaxiality error is∅0.476 mm.

Self-contained in situ sediment acoustic measurement system based on hydraulic driving penetration

A novel self-contained in situ sediment acoustic measurement system based on hydraulic driving penetration is proposed to solve the problem of large disturbances to sediments of the in situ equipments already in existence. By using a hydraulic driving device, the system drives four acoustic probes into sediments at an even speed, and this decreases disturbances to sediments introduced by the penetration of acoustic probes. By means of the special design of the central control unit, the system can work full-automatically and the data are stored self-containedly, and this avoids the requirement of real-time remote controlling from the ship. Its operating water depth, measuring depth and measuring frequency is 500m, 1.0m and 30kHz respectively. A set of in situ sound speeds and attenuation coefficients of sediments are obtained at 40 stations using the system. The results confirm that the data obtained by the in situ sediment acoustic system are accurate and credible.

H-infinity measurement-feedback control for discrete-time systems with a single measurement delay

H-infinity control problem for linear discrete-time systems with instantaneous and delayed measurements is studied. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of the H-infinity controller is derived by applying reorganized innovation analysis approach in Krein space. The measurement-feedback controller is designed by performing two Riccati equations. The presented approach does not require the state augmentation.

In-situ measurement and distribution of flue gas mercury for a utility PC boiler system

The in-situ instrumentation technique for measuring mercury and itsspeciation downstream a utility 100 MW pulverized coal (PC) fired boiler system was developed andconducted by the use of the Ontario hydro method (OHM) consistent with American standard test methodtogether with the semi-continuous emissions monitoring (SCEM) system as well as a mobile laboratoryfor mercury monitoring. The mercury and its speciation concentrations including participate mercuryat three locations of before air preheater, before electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and after ESPwere measured using the OHM and SCEM methods under normal operation conditions of the boiler systemas a result of firing a bituminous coal. The vapor-phase total mercury Hg(VT) concentration declinedwith the decrease of flue gas temperature because of mercury species transformation from oxidizedmercury to particulate mercury as the flue gas moved downstream from the air preheater to the ESPand after the ESP. A good agreement for Hg°, Hg^(2+) and Hg( VT) was obtained between the twomethods in the ash-free area. But in the dense particle-laden flue gas area, there appeared to be abig bias for mercury speciation owing to dust cake formed in the filter of OHM sampling probe. Theparticulateaffinity to the flue gas mercury and the impacts of sampling condition to accuracy ofmeasure were discussed.

Model test of the stability degradation of a prestressed anchored rock slope system in a corrosive environment

The long-term stability of a prestressed anchored slope might be influenced by the durability of the anchorage structure.To understand long-term stability of anchored rock slopes,the research presented herein evaluated the performance evolution of a prestressed anchored bedding slope system in a corrosive environment by model test.The corrosion process in a prestressed anchor bar was monitored in terms of its open-circuit potential(OCP),corrosion current density(CCD),and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The stability of the prestressed anchored slope was evaluated by monitoring changes in anchorage force and displacements.The experimental results show that prestress and oxygen could reduce the corrosion resistance of the anchor bar,and anchor bars in a chloride-rich environment are very susceptible to corrosion.Prestressed tendons in a corrosive environment suffer a loss of anchorage force,the prestress decreases rapidly after locking,and the rate thereof decreases until stabilising;in the later stage,corrosion leads to the reduction of the cross-sectional area of the steel bar which may cause the reduction in anchorage force again.Anchorage force controls the deformation and stability of the anchored slope,the prestress loss caused by later corrosion may lead to an increased rate of displacement and stability degradation of the prestressed anchored rock slope.

Digital image stabilization system based on inertial measurement module

In order to stabilize the video module to build digital image stabilization image sequence, a method of using inertial measurement system is proposed. Through applying real-time attitude in- formation of the camera that obtained by high-precision attitude sensor to estimate the image motion vector and then to compensate for image, the purpose of stabilizing the image sequence can be a- chieved. Experiments demonstrate that this method has a high image stabilization precision, and the up to 16 frame/s video output rate completely meets the real-time requirements.

A fast and precise three-dimensional measurement system based on multiple parallel line lasers

This paper conducts a trade-off between efficiency and accuracy of three-dimensional(3 D)shape measurement based on the triangulation principle,and introduces a flying and precise 3 D shape measurement method based on multiple parallel line lasers.Firstly,we establish the measurement model of the multiple parallel line lasers system,and introduce the concept that multiple base planes can help to deduce the unified formula of the measurement system and are used in simplifying the process of the calibration.Then,the constraint of the line spatial frequency,which maximizes the measurement efficiency while ensuring accuracy,is determined according to the height distribution of the object.Secondly,the simulation analyzing the variation of the systemic resolution quantitatively under the circumstance of a set of specific parameters is performed,which provides a fundamental thesis for option of the four system parameters.Thirdly,for the application of the precision measurement in the industrial field,additional profiles are acquired to improve the lateral resolution by applying a motor to scan the 3 D surface.Finally,compared with the line laser,the experimental study shows that the present method of obtaining 41220 points per frame improves the measurement efficiency.Furthermore,the accuracy and the process of the calibration are advanced in comparison with the existing multiple-line laser and the structured light makes an accuracy better than 0.22 mm at a distance of 956.02 mm.

Determination of the degree 120 time-variable gravity field in the Sichuan-Yunnan region using Slepian functions and terrestrial measurements

The terrestrial time-variable gravity measurements are characterized by a high signal-to-noise ratio and sensitivity to the sources of mass change in the Earth's crust.These gravity data have many applications,such as surface deformation,groundwater storage changes,and mass migration before and after earthquakes.Based on repeated terrestrial gravity measurements at 198 gravity stations in the Sichuan-Yunnan region(SYR)from 2015 to 2017,we determine a time series of degree 120 gravity fields using the localized spherical harmonic(Slepian)basis functions.Our results show that adopting the first 6 Slepian basis functions is sufficient for effective localized Slepian modeling in the SYR.The differences between two gravity campaigns at the same time of year show an obvious correlation with tectonic features.The degree 120 timevariable gravity models presented in this paper will benefit the study of the regional mass migration inside the crust of the SYR and supplement the existing geophysical models for the China Seismic Experimental Site.