BACKGROUND During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,traditional teaching methods were disrupted and online teaching became a new topic in education reform and informatization.In this context,it is importa...BACKGROUND During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,traditional teaching methods were disrupted and online teaching became a new topic in education reform and informatization.In this context,it is important to investigate the necessity and effectiveness of online teaching methods for medical students.This study explored stomatology education in China to evaluate the development and challenges facing the field using massive open online courses(MOOCs)for oral medicine education during the pandemic.AIM To investigate the current situation and challenges facing stomatology education in China,and to assess the necessity and effectiveness of online teaching methods among medical students.METHODS Online courses were developed and offered on personal computers and mobile terminals.Behavioral analysis and formative assessments were conducted to evaluate the learning status of students.RESULTS The results showed that most learners had already completed MOOCs and achieved better results.Course behavior analysis and student surveys indicated that students enjoyed the learning experience.However,the development of oral MOOCs during the COVID-19 pandemic faced significant challenges.CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the potential of using MOOCs to support online professional learning and future teaching innovation,but emphasizes the need for careful design and positive feedback to ensure their success.展开更多
The method and experience of basic work of flash flood disaster analysis and assessment in early period are introduced in a case of Rucheng County,Chenzhou City,Hunan Province,containing analysis of general situation ...The method and experience of basic work of flash flood disaster analysis and assessment in early period are introduced in a case of Rucheng County,Chenzhou City,Hunan Province,containing analysis of general situation in county region,excavation of working map information,determination of assessment object list,examination of investigated data,and standardized arrangement of data. Finally,the suggestions for basic work of analysis and assessment are given,which could provide the references for implementing analysis and assessment work of flash flood disaster in other regions.展开更多
目的了解2022年省、市、县疾控机构(Center for Disease Control and Prevention,CDC)对《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)中规定的106项指标的检测能力,分析省、市、县各指标检测能力不足的主要原因。方法收集2022年度全国各级CDC...目的了解2022年省、市、县疾控机构(Center for Disease Control and Prevention,CDC)对《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)中规定的106项指标的检测能力,分析省、市、县各指标检测能力不足的主要原因。方法收集2022年度全国各级CDC水质检测能力数据,对省级、地市级CDC的42项常规指标、64项非常规指标和对县级CDC的42项常规指标不具备检测能力的机构占比及不能检测的原因占比进行分析。结果省级CDC检测能力不足主要体现在总α放射性、总β放射性(4个省级,占比14%)和贾第鞭毛虫、隐孢子虫(6个省级,21%),主要原因均为设备配置不到位(100%),其次是无检测人员(50%~75%)。地市级CDC常规指标检测能力不足主要体现在总α放射性和总β放射性,占比均为47%;其次是消毒剂指标和消毒副产物指标(臭氧、总氯、ClO_(2)、甲醛、溴酸盐、亚氯酸盐和氯酸盐),占比为6%~22%,不具备检测能力的原因包括无设备、无标准品、无试剂和无检测人员;非常规指标中,除了氨氮(1%)外的63项指标不具备检测能力的机构占比均≥19%,其中贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫不具备检测能力的机构占比最高(65%),主要原因为无设备(88%),其次为无检测人员(42%~43%)、无试剂(40%)和无标准品(38%);其余61项指标不能检测的原因为无设备、无标准品、无试剂和无检测人员(占比分别为60%~76%、45%~62%、42%~53%、51%~67%)。县级CDC常规指标中,放射性指标检测能力最弱(总α放射性和总β放射性,占比均为85%),其次是消毒剂指标和消毒副产物指标(臭氧、总氯、ClO_(2)、甲醛、溴酸盐、氯酸盐、亚氯酸盐、四氯化碳和三氯甲烷),不具备检测能力的主要原因以无设备(83%~94%)和无检测人员(53%~76%)为主。结论省、市、县CDC常规指标检测能力不足主要体现在放射性指标(省、市、县CDC),消毒剂指标(臭氧、总氯、ClO_(2))、消毒副产物指标(甲醛、溴酸盐、亚氯酸盐、氯酸盐)(市、县CDC),以及四氯化碳、三氯甲烷(县CDC);非常规指标中氨氮检测能力较好(省、市CDC),检测能力不足主要体现在贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫(省、市CDC),及其他指标(市CDC)。检测能力不足的主要原因是设备配置不到位,今后应该重点从增配设备着手,增强水质检测能力。展开更多
利用电网侧储能的无功支撑能力有望改善多馈入直流输电(multi-infeed high voltage direct current,MIDC)的电压暂态特性,但是电网侧储能接入后,电力电子装备之间的相互作用会影响MIDC控制特性。在计及电网侧储能与MIDC交互作用基础上,...利用电网侧储能的无功支撑能力有望改善多馈入直流输电(multi-infeed high voltage direct current,MIDC)的电压暂态特性,但是电网侧储能接入后,电力电子装备之间的相互作用会影响MIDC控制特性。在计及电网侧储能与MIDC交互作用基础上,分析了故障持续阶段与故障清除阶段的MIDC后续换相失败机理。研究表明,在故障持续阶段,由于电网侧储能的交互作用,定电流控制切换为定关断角控制时直流电流更大,并且电流偏差控制输出减少使越前触发角下降,造成换相供给面积不足的影响更大;在故障清除阶段,计及直流电流振荡影响,越前触发角下降及大幅波动会导致换相供给面积不足;在MIDC系统处于功率恢复过程中,若电网侧储能无功功率指令置为0,将增大后续换相失败风险。然后,针对电网侧储能以及MIDC控制策略进行改进,提出了计及电网侧储能交互作用的MIDC后续换相失败抑制策略。最后,在多种故障类型下仿真验证了所提控制策略有效性。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31870971Zhejiang Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan,No.2023KY155.
文摘BACKGROUND During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,traditional teaching methods were disrupted and online teaching became a new topic in education reform and informatization.In this context,it is important to investigate the necessity and effectiveness of online teaching methods for medical students.This study explored stomatology education in China to evaluate the development and challenges facing the field using massive open online courses(MOOCs)for oral medicine education during the pandemic.AIM To investigate the current situation and challenges facing stomatology education in China,and to assess the necessity and effectiveness of online teaching methods among medical students.METHODS Online courses were developed and offered on personal computers and mobile terminals.Behavioral analysis and formative assessments were conducted to evaluate the learning status of students.RESULTS The results showed that most learners had already completed MOOCs and achieved better results.Course behavior analysis and student surveys indicated that students enjoyed the learning experience.However,the development of oral MOOCs during the COVID-19 pandemic faced significant challenges.CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the potential of using MOOCs to support online professional learning and future teaching innovation,but emphasizes the need for careful design and positive feedback to ensure their success.
文摘The method and experience of basic work of flash flood disaster analysis and assessment in early period are introduced in a case of Rucheng County,Chenzhou City,Hunan Province,containing analysis of general situation in county region,excavation of working map information,determination of assessment object list,examination of investigated data,and standardized arrangement of data. Finally,the suggestions for basic work of analysis and assessment are given,which could provide the references for implementing analysis and assessment work of flash flood disaster in other regions.
文摘目的了解2022年省、市、县疾控机构(Center for Disease Control and Prevention,CDC)对《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)中规定的106项指标的检测能力,分析省、市、县各指标检测能力不足的主要原因。方法收集2022年度全国各级CDC水质检测能力数据,对省级、地市级CDC的42项常规指标、64项非常规指标和对县级CDC的42项常规指标不具备检测能力的机构占比及不能检测的原因占比进行分析。结果省级CDC检测能力不足主要体现在总α放射性、总β放射性(4个省级,占比14%)和贾第鞭毛虫、隐孢子虫(6个省级,21%),主要原因均为设备配置不到位(100%),其次是无检测人员(50%~75%)。地市级CDC常规指标检测能力不足主要体现在总α放射性和总β放射性,占比均为47%;其次是消毒剂指标和消毒副产物指标(臭氧、总氯、ClO_(2)、甲醛、溴酸盐、亚氯酸盐和氯酸盐),占比为6%~22%,不具备检测能力的原因包括无设备、无标准品、无试剂和无检测人员;非常规指标中,除了氨氮(1%)外的63项指标不具备检测能力的机构占比均≥19%,其中贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫不具备检测能力的机构占比最高(65%),主要原因为无设备(88%),其次为无检测人员(42%~43%)、无试剂(40%)和无标准品(38%);其余61项指标不能检测的原因为无设备、无标准品、无试剂和无检测人员(占比分别为60%~76%、45%~62%、42%~53%、51%~67%)。县级CDC常规指标中,放射性指标检测能力最弱(总α放射性和总β放射性,占比均为85%),其次是消毒剂指标和消毒副产物指标(臭氧、总氯、ClO_(2)、甲醛、溴酸盐、氯酸盐、亚氯酸盐、四氯化碳和三氯甲烷),不具备检测能力的主要原因以无设备(83%~94%)和无检测人员(53%~76%)为主。结论省、市、县CDC常规指标检测能力不足主要体现在放射性指标(省、市、县CDC),消毒剂指标(臭氧、总氯、ClO_(2))、消毒副产物指标(甲醛、溴酸盐、亚氯酸盐、氯酸盐)(市、县CDC),以及四氯化碳、三氯甲烷(县CDC);非常规指标中氨氮检测能力较好(省、市CDC),检测能力不足主要体现在贾第鞭毛虫和隐孢子虫(省、市CDC),及其他指标(市CDC)。检测能力不足的主要原因是设备配置不到位,今后应该重点从增配设备着手,增强水质检测能力。
文摘目的总结院前急救机构针对疫情防控转段阶段的应对经验与存在的问题。方法对比疫情防控转段期间与2021年同期天津市急救中心电话呼入量、10 s接听率、派车量、急救反应时间、平均院内交接时间变化、病情分级患者变化等数据。结果疫情防控转段后120电话呼入量增加181.2%,10 s接听率由88.97%回升到100%,派车量增加125.2%;平均急救反应时间由18 min 4 s缩短到11 min左右;普通患者、急症患者、危重患者、濒危患者分别增加了176.7%、-30.0%、102.1%、227.9%,普通患者占比为71.03%,与2021年同期比较有统计学差异(P<0.01);院内交接时间延长至19 min 16 s后逐渐回落。结论院前急救机构通过提前布局扩充调派负荷能力、构建战时服务指挥体系、动态分类调配救治转运力量、畅通院前院内病员交接等措施,可有效应对突发工作量大幅增加的情况;但也暴露出在急救资源挤兑情况下,确保危重症患者优先得到救治及院前院内衔接方面有所欠缺。
文摘利用电网侧储能的无功支撑能力有望改善多馈入直流输电(multi-infeed high voltage direct current,MIDC)的电压暂态特性,但是电网侧储能接入后,电力电子装备之间的相互作用会影响MIDC控制特性。在计及电网侧储能与MIDC交互作用基础上,分析了故障持续阶段与故障清除阶段的MIDC后续换相失败机理。研究表明,在故障持续阶段,由于电网侧储能的交互作用,定电流控制切换为定关断角控制时直流电流更大,并且电流偏差控制输出减少使越前触发角下降,造成换相供给面积不足的影响更大;在故障清除阶段,计及直流电流振荡影响,越前触发角下降及大幅波动会导致换相供给面积不足;在MIDC系统处于功率恢复过程中,若电网侧储能无功功率指令置为0,将增大后续换相失败风险。然后,针对电网侧储能以及MIDC控制策略进行改进,提出了计及电网侧储能交互作用的MIDC后续换相失败抑制策略。最后,在多种故障类型下仿真验证了所提控制策略有效性。
