TRANSVERSE FORCES AND RESULTANT FORCES ON ARRAY OF BI-PILE IN IRREGULAR WAVES

The total transverse forces on each of the two piles in the side-by-side arrangement and tandem arrangement are experimentally investigated in irregular waves and the total in-line wave forces are measured simultaneously. The statistical and spectral characteristics of the transverse forces are analyzed. The ratio of the transverse force on each pile in group to that on a single pile is defined as the transverse groupling-pile factor, KGL. Both the transverse coefficients CLG and KGL for each pile in array are varied with the relative pile distance and KC number and their relationships are presented in this paper. Also the ratio of the resultant wave froce of in-line force and transverse force to the in-line force and the vriation of the resultant coefficient are investigated.

Influence of liquid bridge force on physical stability during fuel storage and transportation

The physical stability of solid-liquid fuel is a factor that needs to be considered for fuel product practicability for storage and transportation. To determine the Influence of liquid bridge force on physical stability, two detection devices were designed. The laws obtained from microscopic experiments are used to verify the physical stability of fuel under different component ratios. The liquid bridge force is found to increase with the droplet volume. Multiliquid bridges above one critical saturation can generate significant resultant forces compared to single-liquid bridges of the same volume. There exist four states of solid-liquid mixed fuel with increasing liquid saturation rate. The liquid bridge force between the solid and liquid plays a dominant role in the physical stability of the first three states. There may be two stages involved in the stratification process for state 4 fuel, and the liquid viscosity is another factor that cannot be ignored. In the process of selecting a fuel ratio, a larger liquid bridge force between the components can be obtained by properly improving the wetting effect so that the fuel shows better physical stability.

Influence of Different Transition Modes on the Performances of a Hydraulic Turbine

In order to analyze the response of a hydraulic turbine to a variation in the operating conditions,different laws of variation in time of the massflow rate have been considered.After validating the overall numerical framework through comparison with relevant experiments,the performances of the considered turbine have been analyzed from afluid-dynamic point of view.The results show that different time profiles of the massflow rate(in this work,for simplicity,referred to as“transition functions”)have a varying influence on the transient behavior of the turbine.When a quadratic function is considered for the case of largeflow,the transient head and torque increase gradually with time,thefluctuation amplitude of the transient hydraulic efficiency at the main frequency is the largest,and thefluctuation amplitude of the radial force is the smallest.For the smallflow case,the time profile with exponential nature leads to the best results.The transient head and torque decrease gradually with time,the pulsation amplitude of the transient hydraulic efficiency is the largest at the main frequency,and the pulsation amplitude of the radial force is the smallest.

N-Body Problem Extension Hypothesis

A system of mutually interacting point-mass objects is considered.All objects act on each other with mutual forces.A consistent relativity of motion based on the elimination of the observer is introduced.The center of inertia of the entire system is a common reference point.Central and mutual quantities are defined and the relationship between them is derived.A simple method of numerical approximation of the evolution of the central motion is presented.The scale invariance of the classical n-body problem is used to challenge the physical correctness of the problem formulation.Subsequently,a hypothesis is expressed about the extension of Coulomb’s law as well as Newton’s law of gravity.The consequences of the hypothesis are illustrated by the simulation of the helium-2 atom and the simulation of the motion of the stars S2,S4716 in the vicinity of the black hole in the core of our galaxy.

Identification of Connection Flexibility Effects Based on Load Testing of a Steel-Concrete Bridge

In the case of composite girders, an effective cooperation of both parts of the section is influenced by deformability of connectors. Limited flexural stiffness of welded studs, used commonly in bridge structures, does not provide full interaction of a steel beam and a concrete slab. This changes strain distribution in cross-sections of a composite girder and results in redistribution of internal forces in steel and concrete element. In the paper partial interaction index defined on the basis of a neutral axis position, which can be used for verification of steel-concrete interaction in real bridge structures rather than in specimens is proposed. The range of the index value changes, obtained during load testing of a typical steel-concrete composite beam bridge, is presented. The investigation was carried out on a motorway viaduct, consisting of two parallel structures. During the testing values of strains in girders under static and quasi-static loads were measured. The readings from the gauges were used to determine the index, characterizing composite action of the girders. Results of bridge testing under movable load, changing position along the bridge span is presented and obtained in-situ influence functions of strains and index values are commented in the paper.