Objective To investigate whether overweight and obesity might cause oxidative stress and potential oxidative damage in overweight and obese children, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Eighty-five overweig...Objective To investigate whether overweight and obesity might cause oxidative stress and potential oxidative damage in overweight and obese children, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Eighty-five overweight and obese children （OOC）, and eighty-five age-matched healthy children （HC） were recruited in this case-control study. The present study analyzed spectrophotometrically vitamin C （VC）, vitamin E （VE）, and β-carotene （β-CAR） in plasma, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, and the level of malondialdehyde （MDA） in erythrocytes. Results Compared with those of VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, CAT and MDA in the HC group, the average values of VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, and CAT in the OOC group were significantly decreased （P〈0.001）, while the average value of MDA in the OOC group was significantly increased （P〈0.001）. The regression analysis demonstrated that VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, and CAT were negatively correlated （P〈0.05-0.01）, and MDA was positively correlated with BMI （P〈0.05）. Fitting to the model of multiple stepwise regression of BMI on VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, CAT, and MDA in 85 OOC was Y = 27.0041 ＋ 0,2541MDA - 2.1448β-CAR -- 0.0090CAr, where F = 43.8088, P〈0.001, r = 0.7866, r^2= 0.6187, adjusted r^2= 0.6046. The findings from the reliability analysis for VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, CAT, and MDA used to reflect increased oxidative stress and potential oxidative damage in the OOC showed that the reliability coefficients （alpha, 6 items） = 0.7231, P〈0.0001, and that the standardized item alpha = 0.9207, P〈0.0001, Conclusion The present study suggests that there exists an increased oxidative stress in overweight and obese children.展开更多
Over the past few decades,food fortification and infant formula supplementation with high levels of vitamins have led to a sharp increase in vitamin intake among infants,children and adults.This is followed by a sharp...Over the past few decades,food fortification and infant formula supplementation with high levels of vitamins have led to a sharp increase in vitamin intake among infants,children and adults.This is followed by a sharp increase in the prevalence of obesity and related diseases,with significant disparities among countries and different groups within a country.It has long been known that B vitamins at doses below their toxicity threshold strongly promote body fat gain.Studies have demonstrated that formulas,which have very high levels of vitamins,significantly promote infant weight gain,especially fat mass gain,a known risk factor for children developing obesity.Furthermore,ecological studies have shown that increased B vitamin consumption is strongly correlated with the prevalence of obesity and diabetes.We therefore hypothesize that excess vitamins may play a causal role in the increased prevalence of obesity.This review will discuss:(1)the causes of increased vitamin intake;(2)the non-monotonic effect of excess vitamin intake on weight and fat gain;and(3)the role of vitamin fortification in obesity disparities among countries and different groups within a country.展开更多
The International Diabetes Federation estimates that 316million people are currently affected by impaired glucose tolerance(IGT).Most importantly,recent forecasts anticipate a dramatic IGT increase with more that 470m...The International Diabetes Federation estimates that 316million people are currently affected by impaired glucose tolerance(IGT).Most importantly,recent forecasts anticipate a dramatic IGT increase with more that 470million people affected by the year 2035.Impaired insulin sensitivity is major feature of obesity and diabetes and is strongly linked with adverse cardiometabolic phenotypes.However,the etiologic pathway linking impaired glucose tolerance and cardiovascular disease remains to be deciphered.Although insulin resistance has been attributed to inflammatory programs starting in adipose tissue,emerging evidence indicates that endothelial dysfunction may represent the upstream event preceding peripheral impairment of insulin sensitivity.Indeed,suppression of reactive oxygen species-dependent pathways in the endothelium has shown to restore insulin delivery to peripheral organs by preserving nitric oxide(NO)availability.Here we describe emerging theories concerning endothelial insulin resistance,with particular emphasis on the role oxidative stress.Complex molecular circuits including endothelial nitric oxide synthase,prostacyclin synthase,mitochondrial adaptor p66^(Shc),nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase oxidase and nuclear factor kappa-B are discussed.Moreover,the review provides insights on the effectiveness of available compounds(i.e.,ruboxistaurin,sildenafil,endothelin receptor antagonists,NO donors)in restoring endothelial insulin signalling.Taken together,these aspects may significantly contribute to design novel therapeutic approaches to restore glucose homeostasis in patients with obesity and diabetes.展开更多
目的:探讨阿格列汀联合二甲双胍对肥胖2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢及应激反应的影响。方法:选取2017年9月至2020年9月赣南医学院第三附属医院收治的80例肥胖2型糖尿病患者分为A组和B组,分组方式为随机数字表法,各40例。A组给予盐酸二甲双胍...目的:探讨阿格列汀联合二甲双胍对肥胖2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢及应激反应的影响。方法:选取2017年9月至2020年9月赣南医学院第三附属医院收治的80例肥胖2型糖尿病患者分为A组和B组,分组方式为随机数字表法,各40例。A组给予盐酸二甲双胍缓释片,B组在此基础上加用苯甲酸阿格列汀片,两组均治疗15周。比较两组治疗前后的血糖血脂水平、胰岛功能变化、氧化应激相关因子水平以及治疗期间的不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后两组患者血清TG、TC、MDA、FPG、2 h FPG水平均降低,且B组低于A组;治疗后两组患者血清FINS、2 h INS、C-P、2 h C-P、GSH-PX、SOD水平均升高,且B组血清FINS、2 h INS、C-P、2 h C-P、GSH-PX、SOD水平均高于A组(P<0.05);治疗期间,B组患者不良反应总发生率为5.00%,A组15.00%,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:阿格列汀联合二甲双胍可更明显降低肥胖2型糖尿病患者的血糖和血脂水平,在一定程度上提升患者胰岛功能,减轻氧化应激反应对患者机体的损伤,且安全性较好。展开更多
文摘Objective To investigate whether overweight and obesity might cause oxidative stress and potential oxidative damage in overweight and obese children, and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods Eighty-five overweight and obese children （OOC）, and eighty-five age-matched healthy children （HC） were recruited in this case-control study. The present study analyzed spectrophotometrically vitamin C （VC）, vitamin E （VE）, and β-carotene （β-CAR） in plasma, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT）, and the level of malondialdehyde （MDA） in erythrocytes. Results Compared with those of VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, CAT and MDA in the HC group, the average values of VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, and CAT in the OOC group were significantly decreased （P〈0.001）, while the average value of MDA in the OOC group was significantly increased （P〈0.001）. The regression analysis demonstrated that VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, and CAT were negatively correlated （P〈0.05-0.01）, and MDA was positively correlated with BMI （P〈0.05）. Fitting to the model of multiple stepwise regression of BMI on VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, CAT, and MDA in 85 OOC was Y = 27.0041 ＋ 0,2541MDA - 2.1448β-CAR -- 0.0090CAr, where F = 43.8088, P〈0.001, r = 0.7866, r^2= 0.6187, adjusted r^2= 0.6046. The findings from the reliability analysis for VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, CAT, and MDA used to reflect increased oxidative stress and potential oxidative damage in the OOC showed that the reliability coefficients （alpha, 6 items） = 0.7231, P〈0.0001, and that the standardized item alpha = 0.9207, P〈0.0001, Conclusion The present study suggests that there exists an increased oxidative stress in overweight and obese children.
文摘Over the past few decades,food fortification and infant formula supplementation with high levels of vitamins have led to a sharp increase in vitamin intake among infants,children and adults.This is followed by a sharp increase in the prevalence of obesity and related diseases,with significant disparities among countries and different groups within a country.It has long been known that B vitamins at doses below their toxicity threshold strongly promote body fat gain.Studies have demonstrated that formulas,which have very high levels of vitamins,significantly promote infant weight gain,especially fat mass gain,a known risk factor for children developing obesity.Furthermore,ecological studies have shown that increased B vitamin consumption is strongly correlated with the prevalence of obesity and diabetes.We therefore hypothesize that excess vitamins may play a causal role in the increased prevalence of obesity.This review will discuss:(1)the causes of increased vitamin intake;(2)the non-monotonic effect of excess vitamin intake on weight and fat gain;and(3)the role of vitamin fortification in obesity disparities among countries and different groups within a country.
文摘The International Diabetes Federation estimates that 316million people are currently affected by impaired glucose tolerance(IGT).Most importantly,recent forecasts anticipate a dramatic IGT increase with more that 470million people affected by the year 2035.Impaired insulin sensitivity is major feature of obesity and diabetes and is strongly linked with adverse cardiometabolic phenotypes.However,the etiologic pathway linking impaired glucose tolerance and cardiovascular disease remains to be deciphered.Although insulin resistance has been attributed to inflammatory programs starting in adipose tissue,emerging evidence indicates that endothelial dysfunction may represent the upstream event preceding peripheral impairment of insulin sensitivity.Indeed,suppression of reactive oxygen species-dependent pathways in the endothelium has shown to restore insulin delivery to peripheral organs by preserving nitric oxide(NO)availability.Here we describe emerging theories concerning endothelial insulin resistance,with particular emphasis on the role oxidative stress.Complex molecular circuits including endothelial nitric oxide synthase,prostacyclin synthase,mitochondrial adaptor p66^(Shc),nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase oxidase and nuclear factor kappa-B are discussed.Moreover,the review provides insights on the effectiveness of available compounds(i.e.,ruboxistaurin,sildenafil,endothelin receptor antagonists,NO donors)in restoring endothelial insulin signalling.Taken together,these aspects may significantly contribute to design novel therapeutic approaches to restore glucose homeostasis in patients with obesity and diabetes.
文摘目的:探讨阿格列汀联合二甲双胍对肥胖2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢及应激反应的影响。方法:选取2017年9月至2020年9月赣南医学院第三附属医院收治的80例肥胖2型糖尿病患者分为A组和B组,分组方式为随机数字表法,各40例。A组给予盐酸二甲双胍缓释片,B组在此基础上加用苯甲酸阿格列汀片,两组均治疗15周。比较两组治疗前后的血糖血脂水平、胰岛功能变化、氧化应激相关因子水平以及治疗期间的不良反应发生情况。结果:治疗后两组患者血清TG、TC、MDA、FPG、2 h FPG水平均降低,且B组低于A组;治疗后两组患者血清FINS、2 h INS、C-P、2 h C-P、GSH-PX、SOD水平均升高,且B组血清FINS、2 h INS、C-P、2 h C-P、GSH-PX、SOD水平均高于A组(P<0.05);治疗期间,B组患者不良反应总发生率为5.00%,A组15.00%,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:阿格列汀联合二甲双胍可更明显降低肥胖2型糖尿病患者的血糖和血脂水平,在一定程度上提升患者胰岛功能,减轻氧化应激反应对患者机体的损伤,且安全性较好。
