Novel markers in predicting Brucella sacroiliitis:The platelet large cell ratio and basal immature reticulocyte fraction

Objective:To present platelet large cell ratio(P-LCR),reticulocyte,and immature reticulocyte fraction(IRF)values as novel parameters in diagnosis and response to treatment in patients developing sacroiliitis.Methods:Sixty-eight patients with clinical symptoms and Brucella standard tube agglutination(Wright)or Brucella Coombs agglutination test titers≥1:160 were included in the study.Two groups were established,one developing sacroiliitis and another with no sacroiliitis development.P-LCR,reticulocyte,and IRF levels were measured using a Sysmex XN-9000 device(Japan).These were then compared between the two groups.Results:Reticulocyte(P=0.037)and IRF(P=0.026)levels were significantly lower among the patients developing sacroiliitis compared to the non-sacroiliitis group,while P-LCR(P=0.003)levels were significantly higher.P-LCR had the most powerful correlation with sacroiliitis development.Significant negative correlation was observed between reticulocyte,IRF levels and sacroiliitis.Conclusions:Elevated P-LCR levels were observed as a marker of persisting inflammation in patients developing sacroiliitis,while low reticulocyte and IRF levels secondary to bone marrow involvement were detected.These three parameters emerged as highly significant markers in terms of diagnosis and reflecting responses to treatment in organ involvement such as sacroiliitis in brucellosis.These are presented as inexpensive,and easily accessible novel parameters.

Evaluation of Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content and Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin as Predictive Biomarkers of Anemia in Children on Hemodialysis

Background: Diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia with currently available tests is rendered difficult in hemodialysis patients. The aim: To investigate the role of reticulocyte Hemoglobin Content (CHr) in the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in hemodialysis children in comparison to the used traditional markers and assess the impressiveness and the utility of Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) as a novel biomarker of iron status in those patients. Methods: This study investigated CHr in addition to NGAL serum level in the same line with traditional markers for anemia, including: CBC, serum iron, ferritin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation (TSAT%). Results: It is more significant that CHr content in hemodialysis children is lower than their controls as they are (27.06 ± 2.90) pg and (32.86 ± 3.59) pg, respectively, p = 0.01. There is no significant difference regarding NGAL between the study groups. Significant negative correlation between CHr with ferritin, urea, creatinine, and positively correlated with iron and RBCS. CHr showed a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 86.67% to detect iron-deficiency anemia with a cut-off value of 27 pg. Conclusion: CHr is superior to ferritin and TSAT % for the early diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in hemodialysis children;our results do not support NGAL as a marker of anemia in hemodialysis patients.

Phenotypic analysis of affected peripheral erythroid for CD59 in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether affected reticulocytes could be a reliable marker for the diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), we analyzed CD59-antigen expression on the membranes of reticulocytes and erythrocytes. METHODS: We studied 10 PNH patients and 5 healthy volunteers by two-color flow cytometry with a membrane permeable fluorescent dye, thiazole orange (TO), and anti-CD59 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb). TO was introduced to gate reticulocytes and anti-CD59 MoAb were used to identify glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-deficient cells. RESULTS: Cells from healthy individuals were only CD59 positive. However, in all PNH patients, CD59-antigen expression could be divided into 3 types: type I cells (CD59 normally positive), type II cells (CD59 partly positive) and type III cells (CD59 negative). The majority of reticulocytes belonged to type III cells, GPI-deficient cells (61.0%). In addition, the percentage of affected reticulocytes was higher than that of erythrocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Analyzing PNH reticulocytes was important, because most patients had elevated numbers of reticulocytes, which represent more closely the recent erythroid output of BM. However, circulating mature erythrocytes were subject to complement-mediated intravascular lysis. Therefore, the percentage of abnormal erythrocytes may not accurately reflect the proliferation rate of normal and abnormal erythroid progenitor cells. Thus, affected reticulocytes could be a more reliable indicator for the diagnosis of PNH than mature erythrocytes.

In vivo bioassay to determine the potency of a new erythropoiesis stimulating protein

A simple in vivo bioassay suitable for the routine quality control testing of a new erythropoiesis stimulating protein was developed.Subcutaneous administration of the new erythropoiesis stimulating protein to Balb/c mice in a single dose resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the number of circulating reticulocytes.Within the erythropoiesis stimulating protein dose range of 3.125 to 200 ng per mouse,there is a strong linear relationship between the dose and reticulocyte counts in the treated mice.This linear relationship allows us to determine the biological potency of the testing erythropoiesis stimulating protein preparation relative to a reference standard using parallel line assay.Accuracy,precision,dose variation and blood collection time of this method were analyzed in order to choose doses in the linear range that are suitable for setting up a useful,precise,and economical bioassay.

Reticulocyte hemoglobin content in the diagnosis of iron deficiency in Chinese pre-menopausal women

Pre-menopausal women are at risk for iron deficiency due to menstrual blood losses. The prevalence rates （PR） of iron depletion, iron deficiency anemia （IDA）, and iron deficiency were 34.4%, 15.1% and 49.5% in pre-menopausal non-pregnant women respectively in China.1 Traditionally, the diagnosis of iron deficiency relies on the hematological markers （hemoglobin （HGB）, mean corpuscular volume （MCV）, mean corpuscular hemoglobin （MCH）, red cell distribution width （RDW）） and biochemical markers （serum ferritin （SF）, serum iron （SI）, transferrin saturation （TS）, total iron-binding capacity （TIBC））. Recently, the reticulocyte hemoglobin content （CHr） is considered to be used as a marker of iron deficiency.2 The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic efficiency of CHr with the old markers in diagnosis of iron deficiency in Chinese pre-menopausal women.

Microrheological characteristics of reticulocyte in vivo

Using the method of phenylhydrazine-induced anemia in rabbits, a mass of new reticulocytes, which synchronously grow, were got in vivo. The measurements of deformation index, orientation index, electrophoresis mobility etc. were performed for more than 72 h in the process of reticulocytes turning into red blood cells in vivo. There were obvious changes in the micro- rheological characteristics of reticulocytes in the course of turning into erythrocytes. The present study is significant in clinic for studying erythrocytes' microrheological characteristics when there are a lot of reticulocytes in blood, and also important in basic theorem for studying reticulocytes microrheological characteristics. It makes up a deficiency in the study on microrheological characteristics of reticulocytes turning into new RBCs from reticulocytes during reticulocytes life span.

EXISTENCE OF THE CELL GROWTH INHIBITOR IN RABBIT RETICULOCYTE

I.INTRODUCTION Cell proliferation and differentiation are modulated by various regulators. It is well documented that loss control of any one of the key steps in the regulation of normal cell proliferation would cause abnormal cell growth even result in malignant transformation.Currently, besides the well-known growth factor which is of positive regulation for cell proliferation, growth inhibitors with negative effect on cell growth are also isolated from vari-