Effect of acetyl L-carnitine on human retinal pigment epithelium-19 cells in hypoxic conditions

AIM:To investigate the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine(ALCAR)on cell viability,morphological integrity,and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression in human retinal pigment epithelium(ARPE-19)cells using a hypoxic model.METHODS:In the first set of experiments,the optimal CoCl_(2) dose was determined by exposing ARPE-19 cell cultures to different concentrations.To evaluate the effect of ALCAR on cell viability,five groups of ARPE-19 cell culture were established that included a control group,a sham group(200μM CoCl_(2)),and groups that received 1,10 and 100 mM doses of ALCAR combined with 200μM CoCl_(2),respectively.The cell viability was measured by MTT assay.The morphological characteristics of cells were observed by an inverted phase contrast microscope.The levels of VEGF and HIF-1α secretion by ARPE-19 cells were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)assay.RESULTS:ARPE-19 cells were exposed to different doses of CoCl_(2) in order to create a hypoxia model.Nevertheless,when exposed to a concentration of 200μM CoCl_(2),a notable decrease in viability to 83% was noted.ALCAR was found to increase the cell viability at 1 mM and 10 mM concentrations,while the highest concentration(100 mM)did not have an added effect.The cell viability was found to be significantly higher in the groups treated with a concentration of 1 mM and 10 mM ALCAR compared to the Sham group(P=0.041,P=0.019,respectively).The cell viability and morphology remained unaffected by the greatest dose of ALCAR(100 mM).The administration of 10 mM ALCAR demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the levels of VEGF and HIF-1α compared with the Sham group(P=0.013,P=0.033,respectively).CONCLUSION:The findings from the current study indicate that ALCAR could represent a viable therapeutic option with the potential to open up novel treatment pathways for retinal diseases,particular relevance for age-related macular degeneration(AMD).However,to fully elucidate ALCAR’s application potential in retinal diseases,additional investigation is necessary to clearly define the exact mechanisms involved.

A novel xeno-free culture system for human retinal pigment epithelium cells

AIM: To find out an animal-free, xeno-free culture method for human fetal retinal pigment epithelium(fRPE) cells aiming for cell-replacement therapy. METHODS: Human AB serum, knock-out serum replacement(KSR) and B27 were supplemented as a substitute of fetal bovine serum(FBS) in culture medium of human fRPE cells. Cell morphology was examined by light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Proliferation ability was detected by cell cycle analysis and examination of KI67 expression. Apoptosis was analyzed using FACS. The expression ofRPE-specific markers was demonstrated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR), Western blot(WB) and immunocytochemistry. Paracrine function was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method.RESULTS: Our results indicated that the optimum concentration of KSR was 15%, the optimum concentration of B27 was 2%, and the optimum concentration of human AB serum was 10%. fRPE cells cultured in 15% KSR and 2% B27 media showed repressed propagation and differentiation ability, and gradually lost epithelial morphology and RPE function. While fRPE cells cultured in 10% human AB serum media showed a typical cobblestone morphology with pigmentation, elevated proliferation ability, satisfying paracrine function and expressed RPE-specific markers. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that culturing fRPE cells in 10% human AB serum-supplemented medium is more favorable compared with KSR, B27 and traditional FBS-supplemented mediums when fRPE cells are to be applied in cell-based therapy.

Dexamethasone Modulation on Cultured Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell

Purpose: Dexamethasone(DEX) was tested for its ability to modulate human retinal pigment epithelium (hRPE) cell proliferation in cell culture. Methods: DEX in different concentrations was added to cultured hRPE cells. The effects were measured with MTT method, 3H-thymidine(3H-TdR) incorporation and flow cytometw. Results: DEX increased survival rate and DNA synthesis from 32 mg/L to 320 mg/L under hRPE culture conditions, but paradoxically reduced them at 1 000 mg/L and 3 200 mg/L in dose and time dependent fashion by both MTT assay and 3 H-TdR incorporation. The cell numbers in S phase and G2/M phase increased 28.32 % at DEX concentration 320 mg/L, in contrast, reduced 41.84 % at 1 000 mg/L. Conclusion: DEX increased proliferation from 32 mg/L to 320 mg/L, and inhibited proliferation at concentrations greater than 320 mg/L. The inhibiting effect of DEX may happen in s phase and G2/M phase. Eye Sciernce 2001; 17:27 ～ 30.

Application of stem cell-derived retinal pigmented epithelium in retinal degenerative diseases： present and future

As a constituent of blood-retinal barrier and retinal outer segment（ROS） scavenger, retinal pigmented epithelium（RPE） is fundamental to normal function of retina. Malfunctioning of RPE contributes to the onset and advance of retinal degenerative diseases. Up to date, RPE replacement therapy is the only possible method to completely reverse retinal degeneration. Transplantation of human RPE stem cell-derived RPE（h RPESC-RPE） has shown some good results in animal models. With promising results in terms of safety and visual improvement, human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE（h ESC-RPE） can be expected in clinical settings in the near future. Despite twists and turns, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE（i PSC-RPE） is now being intensely investigated to overcome genetic and epigenetic instability. By far, only one patient has received i PSCRPE transplant, which is a hallmark of i PSC technology development. During follow-up, no major complications such as immunogenicity or tumorigenesis have been observed. Future trials should keep focusing on the safety of stem cell-derived RPE（SC-RPE） especially in long period, and better understanding of the nature of stem cell and the molecular events in the process to generate SC-RPE is necessary to the prosperity of SC-RPE clinical application.

Identification of Age-associated Proteins and Functional Alterations in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)has essential functions,such as nourishing and supporting the neural retina,and is of vital importance in the pathogenesis of age-related retinal degeneration.However,the exact molecular changes of RPE during aging remain poorly understood.Here,we isolated human primary RPE(h RPE)cells from 18 eye donors distributed over a wide age range(10–67 years old).A quantitative proteomic analysis was performed to analyze changes in their intracellular and secreted proteins.Age-group related subtypes and age-associated proteins were revealed and potential age-associated mechanisms were validated in ARPE-19 and h RPE cells.The results of proteomic data analysis and verifications suggest that RNF123-and RNF149-related protein ubiquitination plays an important role in protecting h RPE cells from oxidative damage during aging.In older h RPE cells,apoptotic signaling-related pathways were up-regulated,and endoplasmic reticulum organization was down-regulated both in the intracellular and secreted proteomes.Our work paints a detailed molecular picture of h RPE cells during the aging process and provides new insights into the molecular characteristics of RPE during aging and under other related clinical retinal conditions.

Transcriptomic Profiling of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium over Time

Human pluripotent stem cell(h PSC)-derived progenies are immature versions of cells,presenting a potential limitation to the accurate modelling of diseases associated with maturity or age.Hence,it is important to characterise how closely cells used in culture resemble their native counterparts.In order to select appropriate time points of retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cultures that reflect native counterparts,we characterised the transcriptomic profiles of the h PSC-derived RPE cells from 1-and 12-month cultures.We differentiated the human embryonic stem cell line H9 into RPE cells,performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of a total of 16,576 cells to assess themolecular changes of the RPE cells across these two culture time points.Our results indicate the stability of the RPE transcriptomic signature,with no evidence of an epithelial–mesenchymal transition,and with the maturing populations of the RPE observed with time in culture.Assessment of Gene Ontology pathways revealed that as the cultures age,RPE cells upregulate expression of genes involved in metal binding and antioxidant functions.This might reflect an increased ability to handle oxidative stress as cells mature.Comparison with native human RPE data confirms a maturing transcriptional profile of RPE cells in culture.These results suggest that long-term in vitro culture of RPE cells allows the modelling of specific phenotypes observed in native mature tissues.Our work highlights the transcriptional landscape of h PSC-derived RPE cells as they age in culture,which provides a reference for native and patient samples to be benchmarked against.

Development-related mitochondrial properties of retinal pigment epithelium cells derived from hEROs

AIM:To explore the temporal mitochondrial characteristics of retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells obtained from human embryonic stem cells(hESC)-derived retinal organoids(hEROs-RPE),to verify the optimal period for using hEROs-RPE as donor cells from the aspect of mitochondria and to optimize RPE cell-based therapeutic strategies for age-related macular degeneration(AMD).METHODS:RPE cells were obtained from hEROs and from spontaneous differentiation(SD-RPE).The mitochondrial characteristics were analyzed every 20 d from day 60 to 160.Mitochondrial quantity was measured by MitoTracker Green staining.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)was adopted to assess the morphological features of the mitochondria,including their distribution,length,and cristae.Mitochondrial membrane potentials(MMPs)were determined by JC-1 staining and evaluated by flow cytometry,reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels were evaluated by flow cytometry,and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)levels were measured by a luminometer.Differences between two groups were analyzed by the independentsamples t-test,and comparisons among multiple groups were made using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis H test when equal variance was not assumed.RESULTS:hEROs-RPE and SD-RPE cells from day 60 to 160 were successfully differentiated from hESCs and expressed RPE markers(Pax6,MITF,Bestrophin-1,RPE65,Cralbp).RPE features,including a cobblestonelike morphology with tight junctions(ZO-1),pigments and microvilli,were also observed in both hEROs-RPE and SDRPE cells.The mitochondrial quantities of hEROs-RPE and SD-RPE cells both peaked at day 80.However,the cristae of hEROs-RPE mitochondria were less mature and abundant than those of SD-RPE mitochondria at day 80,with hEROsRPE mitochondria becoming mature at day 100.Both hEROs-RPE and SD-RPE cells showed low ROS levels from day 100 to 140 and maintained a normal MMP during this period.However,hEROs-RPE mitochondria maintained a longer time to produce high levels of ATP(from day 120 to 140)than SD-RPE cells(only day 120).CONCLUSION:hEROs-RPE mitochondria develop more slowly and maintain a longer time to supply high-level energy than SD-RPE mitochondria.From the mitochondrial perspective,hEROs-RPE cells from day 100 to 140 are an optimal cell source for treating AMD.

For your eyes only:Harnessing human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells to improve impaired vision

Vision loss or impairment resulting from the degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor death affects millions worldwide.Recent exciting results from clinical studies of small numbers of patients treated with human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cells may provide hope for affected individuals.

红景天苷预处理对高糖诱导的ARPE-19细胞上皮-间充质转化的作用与机制研究

目的探讨红景天苷(SAL)对高糖诱导的ARPE-19细胞的上皮-间充质转化的作用及机制。方法采用MTT法筛选刺激ARPE-19细胞增殖的合适的葡萄糖浓度,确定为50 mmol·L^(-1)。将ARPE-19细胞分为正常对照组(Control组)(5 mmol·L^(-1)的D-葡萄糖和45 mmol·L^(-1)甘露醇培养)、高糖组(HG组)(50 mmol·L^(-1)葡萄糖培养)、HG+低SAL组、HG+中SAL组、HG+高SAL组,低、中、高SAL浓度分别为20μmol·L^(-1)、80μmol·L^(-1)、320μmol·L^(-1),SAL预处理4 h后,加50 mmol·L^(-1)葡萄糖,作用48 h。采用MTT法观察细胞增殖率;划痕实验观察细胞迁移活性;免疫荧光检测细胞α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、波形蛋白(Vimentin)的表达;Western blot法检测细胞中α-SMA、Vimentin、纤维粘连素(FN)、Ⅰ型胶原蛋白(Col I)、钙黏附蛋白E(E-Cadherin)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、p-Smad2及p-Smad3蛋白的表达水平。结果与Control组相比,HG组ARPE-19细胞增殖率与伤口愈合百分比均增加,细胞内a-SMA、Vimentin、FN、Col I蛋白相对表达量均增加,E-cadherin蛋白相对表达量降低,细胞内TGF-β1、p-Smad2及p-Smad3蛋白相对表达量均增加,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.01);与HG组相比,HG+低SAL组、HG+中SAL组及HG+高SAL组ARPE-19细胞增殖率与伤口愈合百分比均降低,细胞内a-SMA、Vimentin、FN、Col I、TGF-β1、p-Smad2及p-Smad3蛋白相对表达量均呈浓度依赖性降低,E-cadherin蛋白相对表达量呈浓度依赖性增加,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。结论SAL能够降低高糖诱导的ARPE-19细胞的增殖、迁移能力,以及干预其上皮-间充质转化进程,这可能与SAL抑制了ARPE-19细胞的TGF-β/Smads信号通路有关。

多能干细胞治疗视网膜退行性疾病:从实验室到临床转化的现状与挑战

视网膜色素上皮细胞(Retinal pigment epithelial cells,RPE)是位于视网膜底部致密的细胞层,其损伤导致年龄相关性黄斑变性(Age-related macular degeneration,AMD)、Stargardt病(Stargardt macular dystrophy,STGD)和色素性视网膜炎(Retinitis pigmentosa,RP)等视网膜疾病,RPE移植已成为治疗RPE损伤性疾病的有效方案。来源于人多能干细胞(Human pluripotent stem cells,hPSC)的视网膜色素上皮细胞,具有与人原代RPE相似的功能和容易制备等优点,已成为RPE移植的最主要细胞来源之一。文章对hPSC-RPE治疗视网膜退行性疾病的临床试验进展进行了总结和归纳,并阐述了目前面临的挑战与风险。

Inhibition of PCNA Antisense Oligonucleotides Mediated by Liposome on mRNA Expression and Proliferation of h-RPE Cells

Summary： The proliferating cell nuclear antigen （PCNA） gene expression was blocked and retinal pigment epithelium （RPE） proliferation was inhibited by using antisense oligonucleotides （AS-ODN） mediated by liposome, to find a new genetic therapy of proliferative vitreoretinopathy （PVR）. RPE cells cultured in vitro were transfected with synthetic fluorescence labled AS-ODN mediated by liposome-Lipofectamine, and the intracellular distribution and persistence time of AS-ODN were dynamically observed. AS-ODN （0.07, 0.28 and 1.12 μ mol/L and sense oligonucleotides （S-ODN with the same concentrations as AS-ODN） mediated by liposome were delivered to the RPE cells cultured in vitro, and CPM values were measured by ^3H-TdR incorporation assay and analyzed statistically by variance by comparison with blank control group. Expression ofPCNA mRNA in RPE cells was detected by in situ hybridization after the treatment of different concentrations of PCNA AS-ODN and S-ODN, and the average optic density （AOD） was measured by image analysis system and was subjected to q-test and correlation analysis with CPM. Our results showed that AS-ODN mediated by liposome could quickly aggregate in cellular plasma and nuclei in 30 min and 6 h, and stayed for as long as 6 days. AS-ODN （0.28 and 1.12 μmol/L） markedly suppressed proliferation of RPE cells in a dose-dependent manner with the difference being statistically significant （P〈0.05 and P〈0.01, repectively） as compared with blank control group. AOD was well correlated with CPM （r=0.975）. It is concluded that liposome could increase transfection efficiency of AS-ODN in RPE cells, and AS-ODN could sequence-specifically suppress PCNA mRNA expression and proliferation of human RPE cells.

姜黄素对人视网膜色素上皮细胞增殖和VEGF表达的影响

目的探讨姜黄素对人视网膜色素上皮(hRPE)细胞增殖和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响。方法(1)采用不同浓度(5μg/mL、10μg/mL、20μg/mL、40μg/mL)的姜黄素干预hRPE细胞1 d、2 d、3 d、4 d、5 d、6 d,同时设置空白对照组(不给予姜黄素干预)。采用CCK-8法检测各时间点不同浓度姜黄素对hRPE细胞增殖的影响,采用流式细胞仪检测各时间点各组细胞周期时相分布情况。(2)将hRPE细胞分为姜黄素组和对照组,姜黄素组加入10μg/mL的姜黄素,对照组加入等体积培养液,采用实时荧光半定量PCR检测各组hRPE细胞VEGF mRNA的表达水平。结果(1)各浓度姜黄素对hRPE细胞均有抑制作用(均P<0.05),且随着药物浓度的增大、作用时间的延长,其抑制率呈升高趋势,整体呈现剂量和时间依赖性。(2)不同浓度姜黄素干预后,G_(0)/G_(1)期细胞比例均大于空白对照组,S期细胞比例和G_(2)/M期细胞比例均小于空白对照组(均P<0.05)。(3)姜黄素组hRPE细胞VEGF mRNA表达水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论姜黄素可以将hRPE细胞周期阻滞于S期从而抑制hRPE细胞的增殖,还可以降低hRPE细胞的VEGF表达水平。

Stem cell therapy for retinal diseases

In this review, we discuss about current knowledge about stem cell(SC) therapy in the treatment of retinal degeneration. Both human embryonic stem cell and induced pluripotent stem cell has been growth in culture for a long time, and started to be explored in the treatment of blinding conditions. The Food and Drug Administration, recently, has granted clinical trials using SC retinal therapy to treat complex disorders, as Stargardt's dystrophy, and patients with geographic atrophy, providing good outcomes. This study 's intent is to overview the critical regeneration of the subretinal anatomy through retinal pigment epithelium transplantation, with the goal of reestablish important pathways from the retina to the occipital cortex of the brain, as well as the differentiation from pluripotent quiescent SC to adult retina, and its relationship with a primary retinal injury, different techniques of transplantation, management of immune rejection and tumorigenicity, its potential application in improving patients' vision, and, finally, approaching future directions and challenges for the treatment of several conditions.

体外原代培养人视网膜色素上皮细胞(英文)

目的:探讨建立体外原代培养人类视网膜色素上皮细胞(RPE)技术。为研究溶血磷脂酸(lysophos-phatidic acid, LPA)对培养的人类视网膜色素上皮细胞DNA合成与增殖的作用。方法:取自愿者贡献的意外事故成年眼球,用2.5g/L胰酶消化获取人RPE细胞、150mL/L胎牛血清的DMEM培养液培养,细胞接近融合状态时进行传代培养。取自愿者贡献的眼球并游离其视网膜色素上皮细胞,用DMEM加100mL/L血清及MEM氨基酸和庆大霉素,进行细胞传代培养。用溶血磷脂酸、转移因子β2(TGF-β2)及LPA+TGF-β2进行视网膜色素上皮细胞增殖试验,用细胞染色法进行细胞计数,提取视网膜色素上皮细胞DNA,用Spectrophotometer进行DNA定量测定。结果:RPE原代细胞镜下为圆形,大小不一,内含较多的色素颗粒,胞核无法辨认。原代细胞培养贴壁后3d增殖速度明显加快,至4～5d即可基本融合,细胞浆内色素颗粒则随传代次数增多而逐渐减少。第3代培养的视网膜色素上皮细胞膜表面可见微绒毛,细胞质内细胞器丰富,线粒体量多,体积较小,内外膜分界清晰,嵴较短。色素颗粒散在分布于胞浆内,多数细胞质内数量较少呈高电子密度包含物。LPA对原代培养的视网膜色素上皮细胞增殖有促进作用。含有和/或缺乏10mL/L小牛血清的两种LPA(10μmol/L雪均明显刺激视网膜色素上皮细胞?

细胞因子及苏拉明对视网膜色素上皮细胞增殖的影响

目的:研究在血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)和白介素-1β(IL-1β)作用下苏拉明(suramin)对培养的人视网膜色素上皮(retinapligmentepithel-um,RPE)细胞增殖的影响。方法:将不同浓度的(15,150,250mg/L)苏拉明分别加入用PDGF10μg/L或IL-110μg/L培养的RPE细胞培养液中,继续培养3d后采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(tetrazoliu,mMTT)比色法,细胞分裂指数计数和核仁组成区嗜银染色(AgNORs)检测在细胞因子作用下不同浓度苏拉明对RPE增殖活力的影响。结果:含有PDGF10μg/L或IL-1β10μg/L的培养液显著刺激RPE的增殖,苏拉明明显抑制了这两种细胞因子条件下RPE的增殖,在150mg/L时的抑制率分别为26%和18%,对细胞的形态无明显影响。结论:苏拉明对PDGF或IL-1β刺激的RPE的增殖有显著抑制作用,该作用为非毒性作用。进一步证明苏拉明对增生性玻璃体视网膜病变(prolifera-tivevitroeretinopath,PyVR)中相关细胞因子的拮抗作用,为临床防治PVR提供了新的用药思路。

蓝光诱导的人视网膜色素上皮细胞的氧化损伤及其线粒体机制

背景 研究表明,线粒体及氧化应激反应在蓝光导致的视网膜光化学损伤机制中具有重要作用,但蓝光对人视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞的损伤与照射时间的关系研究较少. 目的 从供体眼球中分离和培养人RPE细胞,研究蓝光诱导的人RPE细胞氧化损伤的可能机制. 方法 从供体眼球中分离和培养RPE细胞,将培养的细胞分为正常对照组（0h组）、光照0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、12和24 h组.正常对照组细胞培养在暗环境中且不给予蓝光照射,光照组细胞给予辐射强度为（4.0±0.5） mW/cm2的蓝光照射,按分组分别照射相应时间.采用MTT法检测各组RPE细胞的活性,透射电子显微镜下观察各组细胞超微结构的变化;采用流式细胞术检测RPE细胞中活性氧簇（ROS）的生成量以评价各组细胞的氧化应激反应情况;采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测RPE细胞线粒体中烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸（NADPH）及环氧合酶1（COX1） mRNA的相对表达量,评价RPE细胞中线粒体的功能.结果 正常对照组的细胞存活率为（100.00±20.00）％,光照1、2、3、4、5、6、12、24 h组人PRE细胞存活率分别为（95.73±0.89）％、（94.67±2.56）％、（84.23±0.16）％、（78.57±3.09）％、（75.43±2.18）％、（66.13±1.42）％、（53.43±1.91）％和（47.97±1.36）％,各组细胞存活率的总体比较差异有统计学意义（F=172.270,P=0.000）,其中光照3、4、5、6、12、24 h组细胞存活率与正常对照组比较均显著下降,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）.透射电子显微镜下可见光照6、12、24 h组RPE细胞空泡样变、线粒体肿胀、微绒毛减少甚至消失等改变.流式细胞术检测发现,正常对照组、光照0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6h组人RPE细胞中ROS的相对量分别为（14.75±2.49）％、（19.04±1.02）％、（22.81±3.20）％、（28.75±2.15）％、（33.06±0.96）％、（40.64±2.11）％、（48.25±2.50）％和（60.44±2.68％）,其中光照1、2、3、4、5、6h组与正常对照组比较,RPE细胞中ROS的相对量均明显增加,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）.光照后3h,随着光照时间的延长,人RPE细胞中NAPDH mRNA的相对表达量较正常对照组逐渐增加,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,COX1 mRNA在光照2、3、4和5h组相对表达量均明显高于正常对照组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,随后逐渐下降并接近正常值. 结论 蓝光照射3h即可引起RPE细胞中线粒体的氧化损伤,光照5 ～6h细胞损伤更为明显.

笃斯越橘花色苷提取物对光损伤人视网膜色素上皮细胞的保护作用

目的:通过建立人视网膜色素上皮细胞(hRPE)光损伤模型评价笃斯越橘花色苷对眼睛的保护作用及机理。方法:光损伤设置光强、光照时间、后续培养时间3个影响因素,以细胞存活率和乳酸脱氢酶活性评价模型建立情况;根据越橘花色苷提取物的干预方式分为预防组、应激组和修复组,每组设高、中、低3个浓度,检测细胞存活率和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)水平评价保护效果。结果:选择光照度2500lx,光照24h后培养24h作为最佳造模条件,细胞损伤率达20%;预防组和应激组能有效保护细胞活力(P<0.01),修复组没有效果,各组都能抑制由光损伤诱导hRPE细胞VEGF的过表达,但是不同浓度之间抑制能力有差异。结论:hRPE细胞光损伤程度呈光照强度和光照时间依赖性;越橘花色苷能通过保护hRPE的细胞活力和VEGF的过表达,实现保护眼科健康、预防眼科疾病的作用。

结晶样视网膜色素变性患者血脂浓度的变化

背景 结晶样视网膜色素变性（BCD）为一种先天性遗传性眼病,已有研究认为其与血清中脂肪酸代谢异常有关,但目前鲜见关于BCD与血清中脂质水平变化关系的报道. 目的 分析BCD患者血清脂质浓度的变化情况.方法 采用前瞻性研究设计,本研究经过北京同仁医院伦理委员会批准,受检者受检前均签署知情同意书.纳入2011年11月至2013年3月于北京同仁医院眼科就诊的双眼BCD患者50例及同期进行健康体检、年龄和性别匹配的健康体检者50人,采集受检者外周静脉血3 ml,由检验科专业人员检测受检者血清三酰甘油（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）浓度,结果的判定参照《中国成人血脂异常防治指南》（2007版）中成年人的正常值标准,并将BCD患者组检测结果与正常对照组进行比较.结果 50例BCD患者中血脂水平异常者占58.00％（29/50）,其中高TG血症者占34.48％ （10/29）;高TC血症者占34.48％ （10/29）;混合型高脂血症者占27.59％（8/29）.BCD患者血清TG、TC、LDL-C浓度分别为（1.63±1.19）、（5.10±1.05）、（3.27±0.97） mmol/L,明显高于正常对照组的（0.93±0.33）、（4.33±0.56）、（2.63±0.51） mmol/L,差异均有统计学意义（t=4.036、4.496、4.095,均P=0.000）. 结论 血脂异常可能与BCD发病有关.

Genistein对高钾和化学缺氧所致人视网膜色素上皮细胞损伤的保护作用

目的:研究Genistein(gen)对高钾和化学缺氧所致人视网膜色素上皮(retinalpigmentepithelium,RPE)细胞损伤的保护作用。方法:采用体外培养人RPE细胞,MTT法测定细胞存活率以及在倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态改变。结果:200mmol/LKCl作用12h可降低细胞存活率至(43.97±3.43)%,gen50、100、200μmol/L可明显提高细胞存活率且呈浓度依赖性。相差显微镜观察细胞形态发现,200mmol/LKCl作用2h细胞膜开始皱缩,4h胞膜皱缩更加明显,胞核也开始浓缩,8h后仅见细胞核和断裂呈絮状的细胞膜,12h仅可见固缩的细胞核,而200μmol/Lgen可以减轻细胞损伤,4h后方见细胞膜开始皱缩;CoCl2损伤模型中,500μmol/LCoCl2作用12h可降低细胞存活率至(57.81±17.19)%,gen50、100、200μmol/L时也可浓度依赖性升高细胞存活率。结论:Gen对高钾和化学缺氧所致人RPE细胞损伤具有保护作用。

自噬抑制剂3-MA对高糖诱导的人视网膜色素上皮细胞增生的抑制作用

背景糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）是糖尿病常见的并发症之一，视网膜色素上皮（RPE）细胞作为视网膜重要的组成细胞在DR的发生和发展中至关重要。目的探讨自噬抑制剂3-MA对高糖培养的人RPE细胞（hRPECs）增生的影响。方法将体外培养的hRPECs分为对照组、高糖组和3-MA＋高糖组，对照组细胞用含5mmol／L葡萄糖的DMEM／F12培养基进行培养，高糖组采用含30mmol／L葡萄糖的DMEM／F12培养基进行培养，干预组细胞先在DMEM／F12培养基中添加10mmol／L的3-MA处理1h后，再添加30mmol／L葡萄糖溶液进行培养。将培养的细胞以1×10^5／孔的密度接种于24孔细胞培养板中，待细胞80％融合后用含体积分数0．5％胎牛血清的培养基继续孵育24h，使细胞周期同步化。倒置光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜下观察各组jRPECs的形态及超微结构；采用CCK-8法检测各组hRPECs的增生率；采用Western blot法检测各组hRPECs中自噬相关基因微管相关蛋白轻链3B（LC3B）蛋白的表达。结果对照组细胞生长状态良好，细胞排列整齐；高糖组细胞体积稍增大，细胞数量明显多于对照组，而3-MA＋高糖组细胞形态不规则，排列紊乱。透射电子显微镜下可见对照组细胞核呈圆形或卵圆形，亚细胞器形态均正常，未发现自噬小体；高糖组细胞中可见自噬溶酶体，而3-MA＋高糖组可见自噬小体。对照组、高糖组、3-MA＋高糖组细胞的增生率分别为（100．0±2．0）％、（116．9±5．2）％和（103．7±4．7）％，总体比较差异有统计学意义（F=13．526，P=0．006），高糖组的细胞增生率明显高于对照组和3-MA＋高糖组，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05），3-MA＋高糖组与对照组间细胞增生率的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。与对照组比较，高糖组细胞中LC3B—Ⅰ蛋白表达减弱，LC3B-Ⅱ蛋白表达增强，而3-MA＋高糖组细胞中LC3B—Ⅰ和LC3B—Ⅱ蛋白的表达强度与对照组接近。对照组、高糖组、3-MA＋高糖组细胞中LC3B—Ⅱ／LC3B—Ⅰ值分别为0．131±0．065、2．504±0．097和0．274±0．007，组间总体比较差异有统计学意义（F=1694．676，P=0．000），高糖组细胞中LC3B—Ⅱ／LC3B—Ⅰ值明显高于对照组和3-MA＋高糖组，差异均有统计学意义（均P〈0．05），3-MA＋高糖组与对照组间细胞中LC3B—Ⅱ／LC3B—Ⅰ值的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论高糖可激活自噬过程并促进hRPECs增生，而自噬抑制剂3-MA在一定程度上抑制自噬进程，从而发挥抑制细胞增生的作用。