Identification of key genes and biological pathways in lung adenocarcinoma by integrated bioinformatics analysis

BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to identify hub genes and biological pathways involved in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD)via bioinformatics analysis,and investigate potential therapeutic targets.AIM To determine reliable prognostic biomarkers for early diagnosis and treatment of LUAD.METHODS To identify potential therapeutic targets for LUAD,two microarray datasets derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)database were analyzed,GSE3116959 and GSE118370.Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in LUAD and normal tissues were identified using the GEO2R tool.The Hiplot database was then used to generate a volcanic map of the DEGs.Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was conducted to cluster the genes in GSE116959 and GSE-118370 into different modules,and identify immune genes shared between them.A protein-protein interaction network was established using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database,then the CytoNCA and CytoHubba components of Cytoscape software were used to visualize the genes.Hub genes with high scores and co-expression were identified,and the Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used to perform enrichment analysis of these genes.The diagnostic and prognostic values of the hub genes were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curves and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis,and gene-set enrichment analysis was conducted.The University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer data analysis portal was used to analyze relationships between the hub genes and normal specimens,as well as their expression during tumor progression.Lastly,validation of protein expression was conducted on the identified hub genes via the Human Protein Atlas database.RESULTS Three hub genes with high connectivity were identified;cellular retinoic acid binding protein 2(CRABP2),matrix metallopeptidase 12(MMP12),and DNA topoisomerase II alpha(TOP2A).High expression of these genes was associated with a poor LUAD prognosis,and the genes exhibited high diagnostic value.CONCLUSION Expression levels of CRABP2,MMP12,and TOP2A in LUAD were higher than those in normal lung tissue.This observation has diagnostic value,and is linked to poor LUAD prognosis.These genes may be biomarkers and therapeutic targets in LUAD,but further research is warranted to investigate their usefulness in these respects.

浸润性乳腺癌中CRABPⅡ和E-FABP的差异表达及与临床病理的关系

目的 :探讨细胞视黄酸结合蛋白(cellular retinoic acid-binding proteinⅡ,CRABPⅡ)和表皮脂肪酸结合蛋白(epidermal fatty acid-binding protein,E-FABP)的差异表达在乳腺癌中的意义,以及与临床病理特征和分型的关系。方法:分析123例浸润性乳腺癌患者的临床资料,采用免疫组化法检测乳腺癌组织中CRABPⅡ和E-FABP的表达。结果:CRABPⅡ和E-FABP在浸润性乳腺癌的表达存在显著差异(P<0.01)。此差异表达分为E-FABP≥CRABPⅡ与E-FABP﹤CRABPⅡ两种。在浸润性乳腺癌中,E-FABP≥CRABPⅡ的表达较多见。CRABPⅡ和E-FABP的差异表达与腋窝淋巴结转移和TNM分期有关(P<0.05)。差异表达与病理分型相关,Luminal A型中E-FABP≥CRABPⅡ的百分率最低(61.6%),Basal-like型中的百分率最高(95.2%)。结论 :在浸润性乳腺癌中,CRABPⅡ和E-FABP的差异表达可能与乳腺癌的侵袭性及预后相关,E-FABP≥CRABPⅡ时的乳腺癌侵袭性高、预后差。