Sepiella japonica is a worldwide marine cuttlefish species of high economic value.S.japonica routinely modifying behaviors in reproductive life,such as rapid aging until death after spawning,has been recognized in art...Sepiella japonica is a worldwide marine cuttlefish species of high economic value.S.japonica routinely modifying behaviors in reproductive life,such as rapid aging until death after spawning,has been recognized in artificial breeding.However,reproductive behavior at the level of genes is rarely reported,thus,the research on the genetic basis of behavior,reproduction,and artificial breeding was limited.We applied RNA-seq in different stages of reproduction to investigate the reason of rapid aging after spawning,pre-maturity,pre-spawning after maturity,and post-spawning.The retinoid X receptor(RXR)gene family in S.japonica was identified,and 1343–1452 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in all 3 stages of reproductive life were identified from pairwise m RNA comparisons.Furthermore,through the GO term and KEGG analysis,S.japonica could handle neuronal development and network formation before maturity and have a functional degradation of neural communication,signal transduction,vision,and gene expression after spawning.Eight Sj RXRαs have been identified and they played different roles in growth development or reproduction.Therefore,the regulation of several channels and receptors is the intrinsic molecular mechanism of rapid aging after spawning in S.japonica.This study revealed the survival strategy and provided fundamental data on the level of genes for understanding the reproductive behavior and the reproduction of S.japonica.展开更多
目的:观察阿托伐他汀(Atorv)对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的糖尿病高脂喂养载脂蛋白E敲除(apolipoprotein E knockout,ApoE-/-)小鼠动脉粥样硬化的影响,探讨阿托伐他汀在糖尿病合并高脂饮食条件下对抗动脉粥样硬化的机制。方法:C57小鼠8只作...目的:观察阿托伐他汀(Atorv)对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的糖尿病高脂喂养载脂蛋白E敲除(apolipoprotein E knockout,ApoE-/-)小鼠动脉粥样硬化的影响,探讨阿托伐他汀在糖尿病合并高脂饮食条件下对抗动脉粥样硬化的机制。方法:C57小鼠8只作为对照,34只高脂喂养的ApoE-/-小鼠随机分为3组:ApoE-/-组、STZ-ApoE-/-组和STZ-ApoE-/-+Atorv组。STZ腹腔注射建立糖尿病动物模型,测定小鼠空腹血糖、血脂水平,HE染色图像分析测定胸主动脉斑块面积;免疫杂交检测主动脉及细胞内NADPH氧化酶亚基gp91phox蛋白水平;Fenton反应Griess显色法测定血清及胸主动脉匀浆上清液活性氧(ROS)水平。I型胶原酶消化法培养人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs),流式细胞术检测内皮细胞内ROS的水平,光泽精分析法测定NADPH氧化酶活性。采用干扰RNA和质粒转染的方法评价类视黄醇X受体α(RXRα)在Atorv抑制氧化应激中的作用。结果:(1)与C57组相比,ApoE-/-组小鼠胸主动脉斑块面积显著增加[(215.88±34.19)μm2vs 0μm2,P<0.01],2组间空腹血糖水平无显著差异,血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血清及胸主动脉ROS、胸主动脉gp91phox表达水平显著缩小(P<0.05);(2)与ApoE-/-组相比,STZ-ApoE-/-组胸主动脉斑块面积进一步增加[(314.13±35.72)μm2vs(215.88±34.19)μm2,P<0.05],血糖水平升高,血清TC、LDL-C、血清及胸主动脉ROS、胸主动脉gp91phox水平进一步增加(P<0.05);(3)与STZ-ApoE-/-组相比,STZ-ApoE-/-+Atorv组胸主动脉粥样斑块面积显著降低[(217.47±24.56)μm2vs(314.13±35.72)μm2,P<0.05],血糖、血清TG、HDL、TC、和LDL-C无显著变化,血清及胸主动脉ROS、胸主动脉gp91phox水平亦显著降低(P<0.05);(4)高糖(25 mmol/L)干预后,HUVECs内ROS含量、gp91phox蛋白水平及NADPH氧化酶活性明显增加(P<0.05),阿托伐他汀(10-8~10-6mol/L)显著降低高糖环境下HUVECs胞内ROS含量、gp91phox表达及NADPH氧化酶活性,且具有浓度依赖性;(5)将RXRαsiRNA转染至HUVECs之后,阿托伐他汀(10-6mol/L)对高糖环境下ROS生成及NADPH氧化酶活性的抑制效应显著减弱,RXRα质粒转染使RXRα过表达后,阿托伐他汀(10-6mol/L)抑制ROS生成及NADPH氧化酶活性的作用明显增强(P<0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀通过抑制高糖环境下机体的氧化应激反应对抗动脉粥样硬化;核受体RXRα介导阿托伐他汀的抗氧化应激效应。展开更多
BACKGROUND: Retinoid X receptor(RXR) plays a central role in the regulation of intracellular receptor signaling pathways. The activation of RXR has protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of H9c2 ventricular cells...BACKGROUND: Retinoid X receptor(RXR) plays a central role in the regulation of intracellular receptor signaling pathways. The activation of RXR has protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of H9c2 ventricular cells in rats. But the protective effect and mechanism of activating RXR in cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)-induced oxidative iniury are still unclear.METHODS: The model of H/R injury was established through hypoxia for 2 hours and reoxygenation for 4 hours in H9c2 cardiomyocytes of rats. 9-cis-retinoic acid(9-cis RA) was obtained as an RXR agonist, and HX531 as an RXR antagonist. Cultured cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, H/R group, H/R+9-cis RA-pretreated group(100 nmol/L 9-cis RA), and H/R+9-cis RA+HX531-pretreated group(2.5 μmol/L HX531). The cell viability was measured by MTT, apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes by flow cytometry analysis, and mitochondrial membrane potential(ΔΨm) by JC-1 fluorescent probe, and protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-9 with Western blotting. All measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation, and analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Dunnett test. Differences were considered signif icant when P was <0.05.RESULTS: Pretreatment with RXR agonist enhanced cell viability, reduced apoptosis ratio, and stabled ΔΨm. Dot blotting experiments showed that under H/R stress conditions, Bcl-2 protein level decreased, while Bax and cleaved caspase-9 were increased. 9-cis RA administration before H/R stress prevented these effects, but the protective effects of activating RXR on cardiomyocytes against H/R induced oxidative injury were abolished when pretreated with RXR pan-antagonist HX531.CONCLUSION: The activation of RXR has protective effects against H/R injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes of rats through attenuating signaling pathway of mitochondria apoptosis.展开更多
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFD0901204)the Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Project(No.2014DFT30120)+2 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.Y14C190008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31101937,31872547)the Science Foundation of Donghai Laboratory(No.DH-2022KF0209)。
文摘Sepiella japonica is a worldwide marine cuttlefish species of high economic value.S.japonica routinely modifying behaviors in reproductive life,such as rapid aging until death after spawning,has been recognized in artificial breeding.However,reproductive behavior at the level of genes is rarely reported,thus,the research on the genetic basis of behavior,reproduction,and artificial breeding was limited.We applied RNA-seq in different stages of reproduction to investigate the reason of rapid aging after spawning,pre-maturity,pre-spawning after maturity,and post-spawning.The retinoid X receptor(RXR)gene family in S.japonica was identified,and 1343–1452 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in all 3 stages of reproductive life were identified from pairwise m RNA comparisons.Furthermore,through the GO term and KEGG analysis,S.japonica could handle neuronal development and network formation before maturity and have a functional degradation of neural communication,signal transduction,vision,and gene expression after spawning.Eight Sj RXRαs have been identified and they played different roles in growth development or reproduction.Therefore,the regulation of several channels and receptors is the intrinsic molecular mechanism of rapid aging after spawning in S.japonica.This study revealed the survival strategy and provided fundamental data on the level of genes for understanding the reproductive behavior and the reproduction of S.japonica.
文摘目的:观察阿托伐他汀(Atorv)对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的糖尿病高脂喂养载脂蛋白E敲除(apolipoprotein E knockout,ApoE-/-)小鼠动脉粥样硬化的影响,探讨阿托伐他汀在糖尿病合并高脂饮食条件下对抗动脉粥样硬化的机制。方法:C57小鼠8只作为对照,34只高脂喂养的ApoE-/-小鼠随机分为3组:ApoE-/-组、STZ-ApoE-/-组和STZ-ApoE-/-+Atorv组。STZ腹腔注射建立糖尿病动物模型,测定小鼠空腹血糖、血脂水平,HE染色图像分析测定胸主动脉斑块面积;免疫杂交检测主动脉及细胞内NADPH氧化酶亚基gp91phox蛋白水平;Fenton反应Griess显色法测定血清及胸主动脉匀浆上清液活性氧(ROS)水平。I型胶原酶消化法培养人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs),流式细胞术检测内皮细胞内ROS的水平,光泽精分析法测定NADPH氧化酶活性。采用干扰RNA和质粒转染的方法评价类视黄醇X受体α(RXRα)在Atorv抑制氧化应激中的作用。结果:(1)与C57组相比,ApoE-/-组小鼠胸主动脉斑块面积显著增加[(215.88±34.19)μm2vs 0μm2,P<0.01],2组间空腹血糖水平无显著差异,血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血清及胸主动脉ROS、胸主动脉gp91phox表达水平显著缩小(P<0.05);(2)与ApoE-/-组相比,STZ-ApoE-/-组胸主动脉斑块面积进一步增加[(314.13±35.72)μm2vs(215.88±34.19)μm2,P<0.05],血糖水平升高,血清TC、LDL-C、血清及胸主动脉ROS、胸主动脉gp91phox水平进一步增加(P<0.05);(3)与STZ-ApoE-/-组相比,STZ-ApoE-/-+Atorv组胸主动脉粥样斑块面积显著降低[(217.47±24.56)μm2vs(314.13±35.72)μm2,P<0.05],血糖、血清TG、HDL、TC、和LDL-C无显著变化,血清及胸主动脉ROS、胸主动脉gp91phox水平亦显著降低(P<0.05);(4)高糖(25 mmol/L)干预后,HUVECs内ROS含量、gp91phox蛋白水平及NADPH氧化酶活性明显增加(P<0.05),阿托伐他汀(10-8~10-6mol/L)显著降低高糖环境下HUVECs胞内ROS含量、gp91phox表达及NADPH氧化酶活性,且具有浓度依赖性;(5)将RXRαsiRNA转染至HUVECs之后,阿托伐他汀(10-6mol/L)对高糖环境下ROS生成及NADPH氧化酶活性的抑制效应显著减弱,RXRα质粒转染使RXRα过表达后,阿托伐他汀(10-6mol/L)抑制ROS生成及NADPH氧化酶活性的作用明显增强(P<0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀通过抑制高糖环境下机体的氧化应激反应对抗动脉粥样硬化;核受体RXRα介导阿托伐他汀的抗氧化应激效应。
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81270282,81070176,30600242,81170192,81200163)Wenzhou Science Technology Bureau Foundation(Y20100010)Education Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Y200906376)
文摘BACKGROUND: Retinoid X receptor(RXR) plays a central role in the regulation of intracellular receptor signaling pathways. The activation of RXR has protective effect on H2O2-induced apoptosis of H9c2 ventricular cells in rats. But the protective effect and mechanism of activating RXR in cardiomyocytes against hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)-induced oxidative iniury are still unclear.METHODS: The model of H/R injury was established through hypoxia for 2 hours and reoxygenation for 4 hours in H9c2 cardiomyocytes of rats. 9-cis-retinoic acid(9-cis RA) was obtained as an RXR agonist, and HX531 as an RXR antagonist. Cultured cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, H/R group, H/R+9-cis RA-pretreated group(100 nmol/L 9-cis RA), and H/R+9-cis RA+HX531-pretreated group(2.5 μmol/L HX531). The cell viability was measured by MTT, apoptosis rate of cardiomyocytes by flow cytometry analysis, and mitochondrial membrane potential(ΔΨm) by JC-1 fluorescent probe, and protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-9 with Western blotting. All measurement data were expressed as mean±standard deviation, and analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Dunnett test. Differences were considered signif icant when P was <0.05.RESULTS: Pretreatment with RXR agonist enhanced cell viability, reduced apoptosis ratio, and stabled ΔΨm. Dot blotting experiments showed that under H/R stress conditions, Bcl-2 protein level decreased, while Bax and cleaved caspase-9 were increased. 9-cis RA administration before H/R stress prevented these effects, but the protective effects of activating RXR on cardiomyocytes against H/R induced oxidative injury were abolished when pretreated with RXR pan-antagonist HX531.CONCLUSION: The activation of RXR has protective effects against H/R injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes of rats through attenuating signaling pathway of mitochondria apoptosis.
