Geographies of Chemical Warfare in Vietnam: The Merry Band of Retirees

This review explores the recent development of research on rainbow herbicides as chemical weapons and the geographies of chemical warfare in what is now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. While the use and impacts of Agent Orange have previously been well documented, the production and extensive application of five other rainbow agents by the United States military has only recently been investigated in detail. What is exceptional about this research of chemical warfare landscapes is that the 23 refereed journal publications in this review were designed, implemented, and published in a unique collective research project by Ken Olson and a Merry Band of Military Retirees. Their groundbreaking research portfolio includes many geographical dimensions and the political ecology of chemical warfare. This includes the extensive exposure of civilians in Vietnam to these chemical agents, exposure of US military personnel in Southeast Asia and Panama, exposure of civilians near the private industrial sites that produced these rainbow agents in North America and the hazardous soil contamination that perseveres at these sites in Vietnam and the US. Given this impressive research depth and global scope, this review explores the unique way this research portfolio was developed by a Merry Band of Retirees through an interview with its leader, Ken Olson. It examines the goals and ethical orientation of these military veterans, the political ecology involved, the creative strategies they utilized to produce this innovative research, and how they changed the way Veterans exposed to chemical warfare agents are treated by the US government.

Cycle life prediction and match detection in retired electric vehicle batteries

The lifespan models of commercial 18650-type lithium ion batteries （nominal capacity of 1150 mA-h） were presented. The lifespan was extrapolated based on this model. The results indicate that the relationship of capacity retention and cycle number can be expressed by Gaussian function. The selecting function and optimal precision were verified through actual match detection and a range of alternating current impedance testing. The cycle life model with high precision （〉99%） is beneficial to shortening the orediction time and cutting the prediction cost.

A Study on the Expected Retirement Age Prediction of 1049 Nurses and the Influencing Factors of Delayed Retirement Intention

The results were analyzed by unconditional logistic regression. The analysis results showed that the positions entered into the regression model (OR = 2.339);the expected retirement age (OR = 3.280);and delayed retirement can better solve the pension problem (OR = 0.553). Retirement can relieve child financial pressure (OR = 0.217), emotional exhaustion (OR = 0.913) and social opportunities (OR = 1.132). The OR of job title, expected retirement age, and social opportunities is greater than 1, and the others are less than 1. Conclusion: The most expected retirement age for nurses is 50 to 55 years old, and they are more inclined to retire early. Factors affecting the willingness to postpone retirement include position and expected retirement age. Postponement of retirement can better solve pension problems. Postponement of retirement can alleviate child financial pressure, social opportunities and emotional exhaustion.

Improving Urban Retirees’ Well-Being by Leisure Activities

This research is to investigate urban retirees’ needs and suggest the design direction of leisure facilities. Unlike the existing approach based on deterioration of physical ability, this will allow a new type of suggestion to enable the retirees to live their second lives in a more creative way. By analyzing their common memories and events, it was found that they developed their desire for leisure from their experience of wealth and economic growths. Some preceding research pointed out that their actual leisure activities tend to be static and passive in general. Through the interview, however, this research has found that there are 45 indoor activities and 75 outdoor leisure activities, while their potential demands for leisure further extends to 88. With outdoor activities outnumbering indoor activities, the result shows the opposite tendency to the preceding research. On the other hand, their potential demands for leisure further extended to include more intellectually stimulating learning activities.

Measuring the Needs for Medical Service in the Retirement Residential Community in Korea

Medical facilities in retirement residential areas provide diverse medical and health-related services to retirees, and they are equipped and programed with various medical services for enhancing retirees’ daily activities. To find out the current status of using medical facilities by retirees, this study surveyed retirees in their fifties, sixties, and seventies, who live in Eunpyeong-gu, Seoul. The survey data was sorted by the types of medical facilities they visit, reasons for their visit, and the types of medical facilities in a retirement residential area they would prefer to visit. The pros and cons of using private and general hospitals can be evaluated further to set up the right strategy to reconcile them;and each type of hospital can be improved by adding those missing elements that the interviewees mentioned. In the broad perspective, this indicates the need to suggest the direction of preparing residential areas that are technically planned for retirees on the basis of the analysis of Korean retirees’ needs.

Mobility in the Retirement Period An Assessment of the Current Situation

Today, individuals＇ attitudes towards retirement and old age have changed with the increase of life expectancy and healthy and active years after retirement, rise in purchasing power, and mobility opportunities. As a result of this change, the rate of post-retirement migration, settling into a new life in a new region after retirement, has considerably increased. However, despite of this increase, post-retirement migration is one of the least analyzed migration movements among existing studies. Hence, in this article, studies analyzing properties of post-retirement migration and factors causing this migration are assessed. As every migration movement, post-migration movements also create changes laying different responsibilities on both emigrant and immigrant regions and migrating person and require settling into a new life in the place of arrival. In the relevant studies, the basic reason for post-retirement migration is considered as pursuit of peace and joy and it is defined as a migration type under the high influence of counter-urbanization movement. According to the results of the study, it is stated that post-retirement migrants, unlike many international migrants, can buy their own houses in the countries of arrival and can maintain a relatively high standard of living compared to that local community, and that this situation is a very attractive factor encouraging them to migrate. Moreover in the studies, characteristics causing migration and belonging to the region of departure are analyzed as aversive while characteristics belonging to the region of arrival are analyzed as attractive factors.

Influencing Factors of Personal Retirement Decision： Perspective of Research Summary

Because the policy of delay retirement is facing demand differences widely, research workers retirement needs and the basic law from the micro perspective will become increasingly important. Based on the demographic characteristics, family relationships, social and economic factors and professional environment, such as in four dimensions, the article has reviewed the individual retirement decisions affecting factors and its mechanism of action, and summed up the consensus theory and some controversy. In future research, we need to strengthen the cross disciplines and integration, to explore more available research variables, provide a new starting point for further theoretical research and policy making.

Enterprise employees voluntarily delay retirement policy research

China＇s demographic dividend from the new millennium will gradually disappear.In 2012, our country＇s workforce has entered into a net reduction, It＇s high time to put forward delay retirement policy.This article analyzes the present situation and problems of the retirement age system, and also analyzes the necessity and importance of delaying enterprise staffs retirement age, thus put forward to promote enterprise employees voluntarily delay retirement policy.

Optimal consumption-leisure, portfolio and retirement selection based on α-maxmin expected CES utility with ambiguity

This article studies optimal consumption-leisure, portfolio and retirement selection of an infinitely lived investor whose preference is formulated by a-maxmin expected CES utility which is to differentiate ambiguity and ambiguity attitude. Adopting the recursive multiple- priors utility and the technique of backward stochastic differential equations （BSDEs）, we transform the （^-maxmin expected CES utility into a classical expected CES utility under a new probability measure related to the degree of an investor＇s uncertainty. Our model investi- gates the optimal consumption-leisure-work selection, the optimal portfolio selection, and the optimal stopping problem. In this model, the investor is able to adjust her supply of labor flex- ibly above a certain minimum work-hour along with a retirement option. The problem can be analytically solved by using a variational inequality. And the optimal retirement time is given as the first time when her wealth exceeds a certain critical level. The optimal consumption-leisure and portfolio strategies before and after retirement are provided in closed forms. Finally, the distinctions of optimal consumption-leisure, portfolio and critical wealth level under ambiguity from those with no vagueness are discussed.

The Development Model of Tourism-Based Retirement Towns

Based on the analysis of the tourism-based fetkement models this papet proposed five types of retirement towns, which combined the eldercare industry with ecological conditions, the style and features of ancient towns, ttaditional cultute, die artistic envifonment, and medical cafe, and put forward relevant planning strategies from five aspects, namely, site selection, silver industry chain, functional demand, operation management mode, and safety guarantee system, providing a reference for the construction and development of domestic tourism-based retitement towns.

Former athletes’ lifestyle and self-definition changes after retirement from sports

Background:Every high-level athlete will eventually see his or her sport career come to an end.Most former athletes will experience changes in their self-definition and everyday behaviors as they accept a nonathletic way of life.The present study aimed to identify discrepancies between actual and former athletes regarding athletic identity,physical activity(PA),and nutrition habits.Methods:Actual athletes(AA;n=122),former athletes(FA;n=230),and nonathletes(NA;n=74)were asked to complete an online questionnaire on athletic identity,duration and intensity levels of occupational and leisure time PA,and nutritional habits.Results:FA healthy nutrition score was the lowest of the 3 groups and significantly different from that of AA.Athletic identity and intense and moderate PA during leisure time consistently decreased(p<0.01)across the 3 groups(AA>FA>NA).No significant difference between FA and NA was found regarding either nutritional habits or type of PA.Conclusion:Sport retirement may affect FA quality of nutritional habits that tends to decline below the NA level,as well as the amount of time spent practicing physical activities during leisure time.Athletic status does not ensure PA practice during sport postcareer.

POSTPONING RETIREMENT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

This paper investigates the effects of postponing retirement on economic growth in an aging society by using the infinite overlapping generations model constructed by Blanchard (1985) in a simple endogenous growth framework.It shows that postponing retirement may decelerate economic growth.

Mental health service to military retired cadres

Military retired cadres were commonly in aged period with high-incidence of diseases. They were troubled with senility, illness, empty-nest syndrome and spouse-bereft, so they were more vulnerable to some psychological problems. Therefore, promoting the mental health service for retired cadres should be highly concerned and more professional service work should be provided to them.

The Actual versus Preferred Retirement Ages(Percentage distribution)

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Utilization of retired physicians as nursing faculty

The nation’s nursing shortage is predicted to worsen, as nurses retire (supply) and more patients have access to care with the full enactment of the Affordable Care Act (demand). Schools of nursing are under continuing pressure to increase enrollment in entry level nursing programs [1-4]. Nurse educators have been engaged in a variety of creative and innovative projects to increase enrollment with some success. A primary reason for the lack of educational capacity is the shortage of nursing faculty [3-7]. The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston School of Nursing undertook an innovative project to alleviate the nursing faculty shortage at that school. Working with a retired physician group, physician volunteers were solicited to teach in the laboratory portion of an undergraduate health assessment course. Twenty-two physicians volunteered in the first year in a class that involved forty baccalaureate students in their first-semester. The objectives of the project were twofold: First, to determine the suitability of retired physicians to serve as teachers of baccalaureate nursing students and second, ascertain possible monetary savings by using these physicians. Both of these goals were realized. The students valued the physicians’ enthusiasm, wisdom and experience and the cohort of physicians equaled the equivalent of four nursing faculty members. With an average annual faculty salary of $100,000, savings were significant.

Students and Retirement Saving Predictors

Over the past century, Americans have had significant increases in personal income yet personal savings has decreased. The researchers examine college students＇ habits and beliefs concerning saving for retirement. To our knowledge, no study has examined retirement savings among Americans in this age group. We try to determine whether a student＇s retirement savings beliefs and habits can be predicted. Using a unique survey, five indexes are constructed to assess students＇ risk-aversion level, financial background, general savings habits, financial literacy, and attitudes toward saving. This index is used to predict a similarly constructed index of retirement savings behavior. We find that our overall model is predictive of a student＇s beliefs and habits in regards to saving for retirement. In addition, the student＇s level of risk-aversion, savings beliefs and financial literacy were each independently predictive of retirement savings behavior. Various demographic influences on the constructed risk and savings variables as well as interactions are also investigated.

Raising Retirement Age,TFP and Elderly Welfare in China

The fact that China is facing the challenge of aging population has led to debates about whether the government should raise the retirement age.The current pension system in China is characterized by the collection of contributions on payment and adopts the defined benefit(DB)plan.Considering the welfare effects of intergenerational support,this paper develops a dynamic general equilibrium model to investigate how postponing retirement would affect the TFP and the welfare of the elderly.Utilizing realistic parameters,our simulation finds that raising the retirement age will benefit the welfare of the elderly.This conclusion remains robust after a sensitivity analysis with respect to core parameters,the average age of the working population,and the pension system.However,opinion polls have found that most people oppose delaying retirement.This stems from the absence of pension transfer payments and pension system inequalities.The policy implications of this paper are twofold:Firstly,the government should convince the public about the benefits of delaying retirement;secondly,it is necessary to introduce supportive policies facilitating the implementation of delayed retirement(e.g.increasing the replacement rate of pensions or implementing a healthy aging strategy),and the retirement policy should be differentiated for people from various socio-economic backgrounds.

On China＇ s Reform of Delay Retirement Scheme ——based on the research of American

American is one of the earliest countries that formulated the social security law. In the background of an aging population, American gradually increase the American normal retirement age, and established a delay retirement subsidy system. On the basis USA delay retirement age experience, combined with China＇s unique national conditions, to analysis China＇s current retirement system, and put forward relevant proposals for delay retirement scheme.

Will Postponing Retirement Age Affect Youth Employment?--A Perspective Differentiating Workforce Education Levels

This paper calculates the employment substitutability between young workforce and ageing workforce using Welch index. The result shows that the employment substitutability between these two groups of people is rather poor. Furthermore, the result of our dynamic panel regression analysis indicates that an increase in the share of ageing workforce is conducive to youth employment. Such a positive effect mainly derives from more educated ageing workforce, while the increase of less educated ageing workforce has little effect on youth employment.

“Retirement communities” service model research under the background of aging

Pension community is an innovative model of community organization combining pension and old-age home, and there are many success stories at home and abroad. Through SWOT analysis for the three modes of existing retirement community of inquiry, pointing out constraints retirement community development, proposed “a goal, two basis, three models, six support” of the pension community strategic development framework.