Prediction of lime utilization ratio of dephosphorization in BOF steelmaking based on online sequential extreme learning machine with forgetting mechanism

The machine learning models of multiple linear regression(MLR),support vector regression(SVR),and extreme learning ma-chine(ELM)and the proposed ELM models of online sequential ELM(OS-ELM)and OS-ELM with forgetting mechanism(FOS-ELM)are applied in the prediction of the lime utilization ratio of dephosphorization in the basic oxygen furnace steelmaking process.The ELM model exhibites the best performance compared with the models of MLR and SVR.OS-ELM and FOS-ELM are applied for sequential learning and model updating.The optimal number of samples in validity term of the FOS-ELM model is determined to be 1500,with the smallest population mean absolute relative error(MARE)value of 0.058226 for the population.The variable importance analysis reveals lime weight,initial P content,and hot metal weight as the most important variables for the lime utilization ratio.The lime utilization ratio increases with the decrease in lime weight and the increases in the initial P content and hot metal weight.A prediction system based on FOS-ELM is applied in actual industrial production for one month.The hit ratios of the predicted lime utilization ratio in the error ranges of±1%,±3%,and±5%are 61.16%,90.63%,and 94.11%,respectively.The coefficient of determination,MARE,and root mean square error are 0.8670,0.06823,and 1.4265,respectively.The system exhibits desirable performance for applications in actual industrial pro-duction.

“Here Comes the New”:Individual and Collective Forgetting in Toni Morrison’s Jazz

This article examines the problem of individual and collective attempts at forgetting the traumatic past in Toni Morrison’s sixth novel Jazz(1992).More specifically,it emphasizes by selected examples psychological and social aspects of willful amnesia which can lend itself useful in helping traumatized(country)individuals to repress painful remembrances,heal mental wounds and build a new identity in a memory-free modern city.Analyzing Jazz’s narrative featuring Joe and Violet Trace,with a particular focus put on the expectations and experiences connected with their migration to and life in the City,the article explores via Paul Connerton’s ruminations on cultural forgetting in modern times-delineated in his book How Modernity Forgets(2009)-the mechanisms of intentional amnesia used in the process of recovering from personal and social traumas resulting from more recent(migration and urban life)and more time-distant(slavery and racism)ordeals.

An Unforgettable Trip Into an Intangible Cultural Heritage at Quanzhou

Quanzhou,as the only starting point of the Maritime Silk Road recognized by the United Nations,was praised as"the most prosperous city in the world"by Marco Polo.On July 25th,2021,China's"Quanzhou:Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China"was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List as a cultural site,bringing the total number of the country's UNESCO World Heritage sites to 56.The twentytwo world heritage sites in Quanzhou.

A traffic flow cellular automaton model to considering drivers' learning and forgetting behaviour

It is known that the commonly used NaSch cellular automaton （CA） model and its modifications can help explain the internal causes of the macro phenomena of traffic flow. However, the randomization probability of vehicle velocity used in these models is assumed to be an exogenous constant or a conditional constant, which cannot reflect the learning and forgetting behaviour of drivers with historical experiences. This paper further modifies the NaSch model by enabling the randomization probability to be adjusted on the bases of drivers＇ memory. The Markov properties of this modified model are discussed. Analytical and simulation results show that the traffic fundamental diagrams can be indeed improved when considering drivers＇ intelligent behaviour. Some new features of traffic are revealed by differently combining the model parameters representing learning and forgetting behaviour.

Recursive Least Squares Identification With Variable-Direction Forgetting via Oblique Projection Decomposition

In this paper,a new recursive least squares(RLS)identification algorithm with variable-direction forgetting(VDF)is proposed for multi-output systems.The objective is to enhance parameter estimation performance under non-persistent excitation.The proposed algorithm performs oblique projection decomposition of the information matrix,such that forgetting is applied only to directions where new information is received.Theoretical proofs show that even without persistent excitation,the information matrix remains lower and upper bounded,and the estimation error variance converges to be within a finite bound.Moreover,detailed analysis is made to compare with a recently reported VDF algorithm that exploits eigenvalue decomposition(VDF-ED).It is revealed that under non-persistent excitation,part of the forgotten subspace in the VDF-ED algorithm could discount old information without receiving new data,which could produce a more ill-conditioned information matrix than our proposed algorithm.Numerical simulation results demonstrate the efficacy and advantage of our proposed algorithm over this recent VDF-ED algorithm.

RLS channel estimation with adaptive forgetting factor in space-time coded MIMO-OFDM systems

Considering that channel estimation plays a crucial role in coherent detection, this paper addresses a method of Recursive-least-squares (RLS) channel estimation with adaptive forgetting factor in wireless space-time coded multiple-input and multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems. Because there are three different forgetting factor scenarios including adaptive, two-step and conventional ones applied to RLS channel estimation, this paper describes the principle of RLS channel estimation and analyzes the impact of different forgetting factor scenarios on the performances of RLS channel estimation. Simulation results proved that the RLS algorithm with adaptive forgetting factor (RLS-A) outperformed that with two-step forgetting factor (RLS-T) or with conventional forgetting factor (RLS-C) in both estimation accuracy and robustness over the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel, i.e., a wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (WSSUS) and frequency-selective slowly fading channel. Hence, we can employ the RLS-A method by adjusting forgetting factor adaptively to track and estimate channel state parameters successfully in space-time coded MIMO-OFDM systems.

Research on Deep Knowledge Tracking Incorporating Rich Features and Forgetting Behaviors

The individualization of education and teaching through the computer⁃aided education system provides students with personalized learning,so that each student can obtain the knowledge they need.At this stage,there are a lot of intelligent tutoring systems.In these systems,students􀆳learning actions are tracked in real⁃time,and there are a lot of available data.From these data,personalized education that suits each student can be mined.To improve the quality of education,some models for predicting students􀆳next practice have been produced,such as Bayesian Knowledge Tracing(BKT),Performance Factor Analysis(PFA),and Deep Knowledge Tracing(DKT)with the development of deep learning.However,the model only considers the knowledge component and correctness of the problem,ignoring the breadth of other characteristics of the information collected by the intelligent tutoring system,the lag time of the previous interaction,the number of past attempts to a problem,and situations that students have forgotten the knowledge.Although some studies consider forgetting and rich information when modeling student knowledge,they often ignore student learning sequences.The main contribution of this paper is in two aspects.One is to transform the input into a position feature vector by introducing an auto⁃encoding network layer and to carry out multiple sets of bad political combinations.The other is to consider repeated time intervals,sequence time intervals,and the number of attempts to simulate forgetting behavior.This paper proposes an adaptive algorithm for the original DKT model.By using the stacked auto⁃encoder network,the input dimension is reduced to half of the original and the original features are retained and consider the forgetting memory behavior according to the time sequence of students􀆳learning.The model proposed in this paper has been experimented on two public data sets to improve the original accuracy.

Forgetting In Creative Problem Solving for College Students

As more and more benefits of forgetting have been found in recent studies,whether forgetting could promote individuals ability of creative problem solving remains a controversial debate.This article discusses the effect of two types of forgetting,the retrieval-induced forgetting(RIF)and the forgetting during incubation,in benefiting creative problem solving by introducing and analysing the relevant experiments.The results reveal that retrieval-induced forgetting only works when previous mental fixations occurred and the promotion varies when solving different types of problems.The level of RIF is irrelevant to the performance in solving closed-ended creative problems and high level of RIF even impairs the creativity when solving open-ended problems.And forgetting during incubation cannot explain the incubation effect.The spreading activation of relevant information or the unconscious work is more likely to be the possible reasons.In conclusion,the current article brings about the discussions about the work conditions and effects of forgetting in creative problem solving.

Uncovering the Mist of Forced Forgetting: On Forgiveness in The Buried Giant

The Buried Giant by Kazuo Ishiguro begins with an elderly couple who start a quest for the past memory which disap pears under the spell of the she-dragon Querig.During,individual confrontations and collective revenges work together to disclose the dark secrets that have been withheld.At the same time,it probes into the problem of forgiveness:can forced forgetting enable individuals or collectives forget their dark history for either love or peace?Based on the analysis of the individual and collective memories embodied in the novel,the present paper by virtue of Paul Ricoeur’s theory of abuses of memory,especially forced forget ting exhumes Ishiguro’s critical attitude towards forced forgetting,which ignores the threatening elements of love and peace like vi olent revenge and betrayal.

The Enlightenment of Language Attrition and Forgetting to English Vocabulary Memory Strategies for College English Majors

This paper reviews the theory of language attrition,which refers to the loss or degradation of second language skills due to lack of using the second language for a certain period of time.Although our country attaches great importance to English language teaching,most of college English majors use English far less frequently than that of Chinese in real life,which makes them easily influenced by language attrition.Therefore,it is of great significance for college English majors to improve the efficiency of English vocabulary memory from the perspective of language attrition combined with Forgetting.This thesis consists of three parts.Chapter one is an analysis the concept of language attrition and Forgetting.Chapter two describes and analyzes the existing problems in current vocabulary memory among the college English majors via a questionnaire survey.The final chapter puts forward some corresponding countermeasures to help college English majors get rid of the influence of language attrition on vocabulary learning.

An Unforgettable Day

It was Sunday today.We decided to have a picnic on the top of the mountain near our school.How exciting1 we were!We set out early in the morning.After we got to the top,we were fascinated by the beautiful scenery.After we had a goodtime on the top of the mountain.

情绪效价和动机强度对社会分享型提取诱发遗忘的影响

在互动提取过程中,说话者选择性地提取目标信息,会导致听者对非目标信息的遗忘,这被称为社会分享型提取诱发遗忘。本研究基于情绪、动机与记忆之间的密切联系,探索在互动提取范式中,情绪效价与情绪动机维度对社会分享型提取诱发遗忘的影响。实验1通过操纵情绪效价与项目类型,考察情绪效价对社会分享型提取诱发遗忘的影响;实验2通过操纵积极情绪效价下的动机维度与项目类型,考察积极情绪动机维度对社会分享型提取诱发遗忘的影响。结果发现,在积极情绪(和中性情绪)条件下会产生社会分享型提取诱发遗忘,消极情绪条件下则不会;且高趋近动机积极情绪条件下的社会分享型提取诱发遗忘效应量大于低趋近动机积极情绪。以上结果为了解情绪效价及相应的动机维度对社会分享型提取诱发遗忘的影响提供了实证依据,在社会互动任务中检验了情绪与动机影响记忆表现的关键作用。

避免近期偏好的自学习掩码分区增量学习

遗忘是人工神经网络在增量学习中的最大问题,被称为“灾难性遗忘”.而人类可以持续地获取新知识,并能保存大部分经常用到的旧知识.人类的这种能持续“增量学习”而很少遗忘是与人脑具有分区学习结构和记忆回放能力相关的.为模拟人脑的这种结构和能力,提出一种“避免近期偏好的自学习掩码分区增量学习方法”简称ASPIL.它包含“区域隔离”和“区域集成”两阶段,二者交替迭代实现持续的增量学习.首先,提出“BN稀疏区域隔离”方法,将新的学习过程与现有知识隔离,避免干扰现有知识;对于“区域集成”,提出自学习掩码(SLM)和双分支融合(GBF)方法.其中SLM准确提取新知识,并提高网络对新知识的适应性,而GBF将新旧知识融合,以达到建立统一的、高精度的认知的目的;训练时,为确保进一步兼顾旧知识,避免对新知识的偏好,提出间隔损失正则项来避免“近期偏好”问题.为评估以上所提出方法的效用,在增量学习标准数据集CIFAR-100和miniImageNet上系统地进行消融实验,并与最新的一系列知名方法进行比较.实验结果表明,所提方法提高了人工神经网络的记忆能力,与最新知名方法相比识别率平均提升5.27%以上.

融合遗忘机制的多模态知识追踪模型

知识追踪是构建自适应教育系统的核心和关键,常被用以捕获学生的知识状态、预测学生的未来表现。以往的知识追踪模型仅根据结构信息对问题、技能进行建模,无法利用问题、技能的多模态信息构造其相互依赖关系。同时,关于学生的记忆水平仅以时间做量化,未考虑不同模态对记忆水平的影响。因此,提出了融合遗忘机制的多模态知识追踪模型。首先,对问题、技能节点,以图文匹配作为训练任务优化单模态嵌入,并通过计算多模态融合后节点间的相似度,获得问题和技能的关联权重从而计算生成问题节点的嵌入。其次,通过长短期记忆网络获取带有遗忘因素的学生知识状态,并将其融入学生的答题记录中生成学生节点的嵌入。最后,根据学生的答题次数和不同模态的有效记忆率计算学生和问题间的关联强度,通过图注意力网络进行信息传播,预测学生对不同问题的答题情况。在两个真实课堂自采数据集上进行了对比实验和消融实验,结果表明所提方法比其他基于图的知识追踪模型具有更好的预测精度,且针对多模态和遗忘机制的设计能有效提升原始模型的预测效果。同时,通过对一个具体案例的可视化分析,进一步说明了所提方法的实际应用效果。

急性运动对负性情绪信息有意遗忘的影响

目的:探究急性运动是否可作为一种干预手段作用于大学生负性情绪信息的有意遗忘,以及情绪材料的性质和时间耦合对这一过程的影响。方法:将102名大学本科女生随机分为编码前运动组、编码后运动组和对照组,以10 min中等强度持续运动为运动干预方式,采用项目法有意遗忘范式,以低唤醒负性词、高唤醒负性词和中性词为记忆材料,比较不同组别被试在自由回忆正确数、再认的辨别力指数d’及相对应的有意遗忘效应值上的差异。结果:编码前运动组在再认任务中的有意遗忘效应值显著高于对照组,主要体现在编码前运动组忘记指令词语d’显著低于对照组,编码后运动组的自由回忆正确数呈现出低于编码前运动组和对照组的趋势。结论:编码前运动通过提升个体对信息的抑制控制能力促进有意遗忘的执行,编码后运动则通过干扰记忆巩固过程降低整体回忆表现。提示急性运动可提升个体主动抑制负性情绪信息记忆编码的能力,而在经历负性情绪事件后进行的急性运动能够帮助个体更快遗忘相关负性信息。

最小二乘算法优化及其在锂离子电池参数辨识中的应用

传统最小二乘法(LS)用于锂离子电池模型在线参数辨识精度低,通过带遗忘因子递推最小二乘算法能够有效地提高辨识精度,但固定的遗忘因子影响模型动态特性。遗忘因子的自适应处理能提高算法对动态系统的参数辨识能力,而目前的自适应方法容易忽略模型参数的稳定性,同时方法待定系数范围较大且难以确认。为了得到高精度且稳定性良好的模型参数,该文设计了一种精度和稳定性兼优且更简单的自适应遗忘因子递推最小二乘(AFFRLS)改进方法,并与其他AFFRLS、可变遗忘因子递推最小二乘(VFFRLS)进行仿真对比分析。结果表明,改进的AFFRLS能够在模型精度和参数稳定性取得更好的平衡,且对不同的在线工况具有良好的适用性。

基于CSI和FO-MKELM的室内定位方法

针对Wi-Fi指纹定位精度低、维护繁琐、训练成本大的问题,提出一种基于信道状态信息(CSI)和改进多元核函数极限学习机(FO-MKELM)的室内定位方法。首先在预处理阶段对CSI幅值差和重构相位信息进行融合,以减少环境噪声的影响;其次,在离线训练阶段,采用分段式量子粒子群算法(QPSO)为模型寻找最优参数,以提高定位精度和泛化性能;然后,为抑制环境改变对定位性能的影响,引入在线增量学习和遗忘机制,添加部分新增数据进行增量学习持续更新定位模型,并设置数据有效期遗忘过旧数据减少不良影响;最终,在在线预测阶段,将模型输出与标签库进行匹配获得更为准确的坐标。在空旷楼道和复杂实验室两种不同的环境下进行实验验证,该算法相比其他定位方法在定位精度和长期稳定性上都有所提升。

基于改进AFFRLS-AUKF的锂电池SOC估计

准确估计锂电池荷电状态(SOC)是保障电池管理系统安全稳定运行的重要前提之一。为了提高锂离子电池SOC估计精度,提出一种改进自适应遗忘因子最小二乘法(AFFRLS)与自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波算法(AUKF)联合估计锂离子电池SOC的估计方法。利用改进AFFRLS对已建立的二阶RC等效电路模型进行参数辨识,再结合AUKF估计锂离子电池SOC。通过动态应力测试(DST)工况和城市道路循环(UDDS)工况验证得到联合估计方法的平均绝对误差为0.44%,均方根误差为0.61%,表明改进的AFFRLS-AUKF方法可提高参数辨识及电池SOC估计的准确性和鲁棒性。

基于主体遗忘行为的产学研协同创新最优网络结构

探究产学研协同创新中的知识扩散最优网络结构对提升创新效率具有重要意义。现有关知识扩散过程中的遗忘机制大多被视为指数衰减,且主要关注企业之间的知识扩散,鲜有学者将主体知识遗忘行为纳入产学研协同创新最优网络结构的研究中。本文在现有知识交互模型上加入了遗忘系数,基于仿真方法,探究了主体遗忘行为对产学研协同创新绩效的影响及不同条件下产学研协同创新绩效提升的最优网络结构。结果表明:主体遗忘行为降低了整体绩效,弱化了个体之间的知识差异;在不同的主体知识遗忘率下,最优知识网络结构是不同的。据此,从平均路径长和集聚度视角提出了优化网络结构提升协同创新绩效的建议。

船舶拥堵水域通行能力预测技术

针对船舶交通流量大、水域繁忙情况下,通行能力预测难度过高的问题,提出船舶拥堵水域通行能力预测技术。利用船舶坐标位置以及航行速度,确定船舶状态,建立船舶航行队列模型。依据船舶领域模型确定船舶航行对应的椭圆形区域,作为船舶拥堵水域的领域。确定船舶领域内,影响航道容量的相关因素。设置船舶密度、船舶航行速度等水域通行能力影响指标,作为长短时记忆网络的输入。长短时记忆网络通过遗忘门、输入门以及输出门3个门控单元,选择保留或遗忘输入的数据,输出船舶拥堵水域通行能力预测结果。实验结果表明,该技术能够有效预测船舶拥堵水域通行能力,提高航道利用率,保障水域交通安全性。