Objective:To evaluate the perioperative as well as early oncological outcomes of patients undergoing robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for treatment of testicular cancer.Methods:We conducted a prospective ...Objective:To evaluate the perioperative as well as early oncological outcomes of patients undergoing robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for treatment of testicular cancer.Methods:We conducted a prospective consecutive case series of patients undergoing robotic assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for metastatic testicular cancer between May 2018 and July 2021 at our institution.Data were collected on patient and tumour characteristics,intraoperative and postoperative parameters,and functional and oncological outcomes.Descriptive statistics are presented.Results:Nineteen patients were identified;18(94.7%)completed the procedure robotically and one was converted to open surgery;78.9%of patients had stage≥IIB and 12(63.2%)patients had undergone prior chemotherapy.The median operative time was 300(interquartile range[IQR]240-315)min.Median blood loss was 100(IQR 50-175)mL.Median length of stay was 2(range 1-11)days.All robotically completed patients commenced diet and passed flatus on Day 1 and were discharged by Day 3.The median lymph node yield was 40.5(IQR 38-51)nodes.All patients undergoing nerve-sparing procedures recovered antegrade ejaculatory function.One patient had a Clavien-Dindo III complication(chylous ascites requiring drainage).At a median follow-up of 22.3(IQR 16.3-24.9)months,one patient developed retroperitoneal recurrence,which was successfully treated with second-line chemotherapy;no other patients have had recurrences.Conclusion:Robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is a safe and feasible alternative to open surgery in appropriately selected patients,offering low morbidity.Early oncological outcomes are promising.Larger cohorts and longer follow-ups are required to validate our institution's findings.展开更多
BACKGROUND Bronchogenic cysts are rare developmental anomalies that belong to the category of congenital enterogenous cysts.They arise from lung buds and are present at birth.The embryonic foregut is their origin.Typi...BACKGROUND Bronchogenic cysts are rare developmental anomalies that belong to the category of congenital enterogenous cysts.They arise from lung buds and are present at birth.The embryonic foregut is their origin.Typically,they are located within the chest cavity,particularly in the cavum mediastinale of the thoracic cavity or lodged in the pulmonary parenchyma,and are considered a type of lung bud malformation.CASE SUMMARY A 49-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital due to the detection of a retroperitoneal mass during a physical examination.Two weeks before admission,the patient underwent a physical examination and routine laboratory tests,which revealed a space-occupying mass in the retroperitoneal region.The patient did not report any symptoms(such as abdominal pain,flatulence,nausea,vomiting,high fever,or chills).The computed tomography(CT)revealed a retroperitoneal spaceoccupying lesion with minimal enhancement and a CT value of approximately 36 Hounsfield units.The lesion was not delineated from the boundary of the pancreatic body and was closely related to the retroperitoneum locally.CONCLUSION Following a series of tests,an abdominal mass was identified,prompting the implementation of a laparoscopic retroperitoneal mass excision procedure.During the investigation,an 8 cm×7 cm cystic round-shaped mass with a distinct demarcation was identified in the upper posterior region of the pancreas.Subsequently,full resection of the mass was performed.Postoperative pathological examination reveled a cystic mass characterized by a smooth inner wall.The cystic mass was found to contain a white,viscous liquid within its capsule.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hemolymphangioma is a very rare benign tumor in clinical practice caused by abnormalities of the vasculature.Its clinical features are often atypical,and it is easy to miss and misdiagnose.When the time of ...BACKGROUND Hemolymphangioma is a very rare benign tumor in clinical practice caused by abnormalities of the vasculature.Its clinical features are often atypical,and it is easy to miss and misdiagnose.When the time of nuclear magnetic T1 is significantly reduced,the diagnosis of hemangioma should be considered.Therefore,we report this case in the hope of raising clinicians'awareness of the disease.CASE SUMMARY A 37-year-old man presented with a giant retroperitoneal hemolymphangioma.Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging indicated the possibility of a large perirenal lymphatic cyst.The postoperative pathological diagnosis is retroperitoneal hemolymphangioma.The patient underwent surgical excision after adequate drainage.The postoperative recovery was smooth and there were no complications.There was no recurrence during half a year of follow-up.CONCLUSION This case reiterates that large retroperitoneal cystic masses with significantly shortened nuclear T1 time should be considered hemolymphangioma.Specific clinical basis and experience for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases is necessary.展开更多
Objective Post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection(PC-RPLND)represents an integral component of the management of patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumor(NSGCT).Modified templates have been propo...Objective Post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection(PC-RPLND)represents an integral component of the management of patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumor(NSGCT).Modified templates have been proposed to minimize the surgical morbidity of the procedure.Moreover,the implementation of robotic surgery in this setting has been explored.We report our experience with unilateral post-chemotherapy robot-assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection(PC-rRPLND)for clinical Stages IIA and IIB NSGCTs.Methods A retrospective single institution review was performed including 33 patients undergoing PC-rRPLND for Stages IIA and IIB NSGCTs between January 2015 and February 2019.Following orchiectomy,patients were scheduled for chemotherapy with three cycles of bleomycin-etoposide-cisplatin.Patients with a residual tumor of<5 cm and an ipsilateral metastatic disease on pre-and post-chemotherapy CT scans were eligible for a unilateral template in absence of rising tumor markers.Descriptive statistics were provided for demographics,clinical characteristics,intraoperative and postoperative parameters.Perioperative,oncological,and functional outcomes were recorded.Results Overall,7(21.2%)patients exhibited necrosis or fibrosis;14(42.4%)had mature teratoma;and 12(36.4%)had viable tumor at final histology.The median lymph node size at surgery was 25(interquartile range[IQR]21-36)mm.Median operative time was 180(IQR 165-215)min and no major postoperative complications were observed.Anterograde ejaculation was preserved in 75.8%of patients.Median follow-up was 26(IQR 19-30)months and a total of three recurrences were recorded.Conclusion PC-rRPLND is a reliable and technically reproducible procedure with safe oncological outcomes and acceptable postoperative ejaculatory function in well selected patients with NSGCTs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Primary abdominal and retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma is a vascular tumor and rarely seen in the clinic.Due to the lack of specific imaging features,retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma cannot be diagn...BACKGROUND Primary abdominal and retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma is a vascular tumor and rarely seen in the clinic.Due to the lack of specific imaging features,retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma cannot be diagnosed accurately.Some symptoms may develop with the enlargement of lesion volume or the occurrence of complications such as rupture or oppression.We report here a special case who was admitted with chronic abdominal pain.Admission examination suggested a retroperitoneal lymphatic duct cyst.Laparoscopic resection of the retroperitoneal mass was performed,and histological examination confirmed retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 43-year-old Tibetan woman with intermittent left lower abdominal pain and discomfort 3 years ago.Ultrasonography revealed a cystic mass in the retroperitoneum with clear boundaries,internal septa,and no blood flow signal.Computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)showed an irregular space-occupying mass in the retroperitoneum,and retroperitoneal lymphatic cyst was considered.Plain CT scanning showed multiple cystlike hypo-intense shadows in the retroperitoneum,partially fused into a mass,and no obvious enhancement was found on enhanced scanning.MRI showed multiple irregular clump-like long T1 and long T2 signal shadows above the pancreas,within which linear short T2 signal shadows were seen.Diffusionweighted imaging sequence showed hypo-signal shadows,without obvious enhancement on enhanced scanning.Ultrasound,CT,and MRI all suggested the possibility of retroperitoneal lymphatic cyst.However,the patient was finally diagnosed with retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma by pathological examination.CONCLUSION Retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma is a benign lesion,and it is difficult to make a diagnosis preoperatively.Surgical resection may be the only treatment,which not only allows histopathological confirmation as a diagnostic purpose and excludes any risk of malignancy,but also avoids invasion of adjacent tissues,oppression,and other complications as a therapeutic goal.展开更多
BACKGROUND IgG4-related disease(IgG4-RD)is a chronic fibrotic disease mediated by immunity recognized by clinicians in recent years.When the kidney is involved,it is called IgG4-related kidney disease(IgG4-RKD).IgG4-r...BACKGROUND IgG4-related disease(IgG4-RD)is a chronic fibrotic disease mediated by immunity recognized by clinicians in recent years.When the kidney is involved,it is called IgG4-related kidney disease(IgG4-RKD).IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis(IgG4-TIN)is a representative manifestation of IgG4-RKD.IgG4-TIN can cause obstructive nephropathy complicated by retroperitoneal fibrosis(RPF).Cases of IgG4-TIN complicated with RPF are rare.Glucocorticoids are the firstline therapeutic medication for IgG4-RD and can significantly improve renal function.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report the case of a 56-year-old man with IgG4-RKD complicated with RPF.The patient presented to the hospital with complaints of elevated serum creatinine(Cr),nausea,and vomiting.During hospitalization,Cr was 1448.6μmol/L,and serum IgG4 was increased.A total abdominal computed tomography(CT)scan and enhanced CT scan obviously indicated RPF.Although this patient had a long course and renal insufficiency,we performed a kidney biopsy.Renal biopsy showed that the renal tubulointerstitium had focal plasma cell infiltration and increased lymphocyte infiltration accompanied by fibrosis.After combining the biopsy results with immunohistochemistry,it was found that the absolute number of positive IgG4+cells per high power field exceeded 10,and the ratio of IgG4/IgG was over 40%.Finally,the patient was diagnosed with IgG4-TIN complicated with RPF and given glucocorticoids as long-term maintenance therapy,helping him keep out of dialysis.After a follow-up of 19 mo,the patient had recovered well.Previous literature on IgG4-RKD and RPF was retrieved from PubMed to characterize the clinical and pathological features and to identify the diagnosis and treatment of IgG4-RKD.CONCLUSION Our case report demonstrates the clinical characteristics of IgG4-RKD complicated with RPF.Serum IgG4 is a favorable indicator for screening.Performing renal biopsy actively plays a vital role in diagnosis and treatment,even if the patient has a long course and manifests with renal insufficiency.It is remarkable to treat IgG4-RKD with glucocorticoids.Hence,early diagnosis and targeted therapy are essential for reversing renal function and improving extrarenal manifestations in patients with IgG4-RKD.展开更多
Objective To assess the feasibility of internal suspension technique in retroperitoneal robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(rRAPN)with a new robotic platform called KangDuo Surgical Robot-01(KD-SR-01)syste...Objective To assess the feasibility of internal suspension technique in retroperitoneal robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(rRAPN)with a new robotic platform called KangDuo Surgical Robot-01(KD-SR-01)system(Suzhou KangDuo Robot Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou,China)and discuss its surgical technique.Methods A 44-year-old male patient was admitted with a 2.5 cm tumor on dorsolateral upper pole of the left kidney.The R.E.N.A.L.nephrometry score of this patient was 4x.This patient underwent rRAPN with KD-SR-01.The perinephric fat between the tumor and Gerota's fascia was preserved,which was used for internal suspension traction during tumor resection.Postoperative follow-up data were collected.Results The surgery was successfully carried out with a duration of 127 min,in which the docking time was 6 min 25 s and console time was 60 min.The warm ischemia time was 19 min 53 s,and the estimated blood loss was 0 mL.The pathological histology showed a pathological tumor stage 1a clear cell renal cell carcinoma,with a negative surgical margin.The World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology(WHO/ISUP)grade of this patient was Grade 2.No recurrence was observed during the 6-month follow-up.Conclusion Internal suspension in rRAPN is feasible and effective with use of the new robotic system KD-SR-01.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hospitalized and severely ill coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients necessitate prophylactic or therapeutic anticoagulation to minimize the risk of thrombosis at different sites.Life-threatening bleedi...BACKGROUND Hospitalized and severely ill coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients necessitate prophylactic or therapeutic anticoagulation to minimize the risk of thrombosis at different sites.Life-threatening bleeding complications include spontaneous iliopsoas hematoma,peritoneal bleeding,and extra-abdominal manifestations such as intracranial hemorrhage.CASE SUMMARY Bleeding in the abdominal wall results in less severe complications than seen with iliopsoas hematoma or peritoneal bleeding.In our case series of 9 patients,we present retroperitoneal and abdominal bleeding complications following anticoagulation in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CE-CT)is the best imaging modality for assessing hematoma secondary to anticoagulation and determines the therapeutic approach,whether interventional,surgical,or conservative management.CONCLUSION We present the role of CE-CT for rapid and precise localization of the bleeding site and prognostic counseling.Finally,we provide a brief review of the literature.展开更多
BACKGROUND Paraganglioma(PGL)located in the retroperitoneum presents challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its hidden location,lack of specific symptoms in the early stages,and absence of distinctive manifestat...BACKGROUND Paraganglioma(PGL)located in the retroperitoneum presents challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its hidden location,lack of specific symptoms in the early stages,and absence of distinctive manifestations on imaging.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old woman presented with a left upper abdominal mass discovered 1 wk ago during a physical examination.She did not have a history of smoking,alcohol consumption,or other harmful habits,no surgical procedures or infectious diseases,and had a 4-year history of hypertension.Upon admission,she did not exhibit fever,vomiting,or abdominal distension.Physical examination indicated mild percussion pain in the left upper abdomen,with no palpable enlargement of the liver or spleen.Laboratory tests and tumor markers showed no significant abnormalities.Enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the upper abdomen revealed a cystic solid mass in the left epigastrium measuring approximately 6.5 cm×4.5 cm,with inhomogeneous enhancement in the arterial phase,closely associated with the lesser curvature of the stomach and the pancreas.The patient underwent laparoscopic resection of the retroperitoneal mass,which was successfully removed without tumor rupture.A 12-month postoperative follow-up period showed good recovery.CONCLUSION This case report details the successful laparoscopic resection of a retroperitoneal subclinical PGL,resulting in a good recovery observed at the 12-month follow-up.Interestingly,the patient also experienced unexpected cure of hypertensive disease.展开更多
Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare disease characterized by the development of inflammation and fibrosis in the soft tissues of the retroperitoneum and other abdominal organs.Retroperitoneal fibrosis can be of 2 types...Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare disease characterized by the development of inflammation and fibrosis in the soft tissues of the retroperitoneum and other abdominal organs.Retroperitoneal fibrosis can be of 2 types:idiopathic and secondary.The recently advocated concept and diagnostic criteria of immunoglobulin G4(IgG4)-related disease,derived from research on autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP),has led to widespread recognition of retroperitoneal fibrosis as a condition caused by IgG4-related disease.We now know that previously diagnosed idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis includes IgG4-related disease;however,the actual prevalence is unclear.Conversely,some reports on AIP suggest that retroperitoneal fibrosis is concurrently found in about 10% of IgG4-related disease.Because retroperitoneal fibrosis has no specific symptoms,diagnosis is primarily based on diagnostic imaging(computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging),which is also useful in evaluating the effect of therapy.Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis can occur at different times with other lesions of IgG4-related disease including AIP.Thus,the IgG4 assay is recommended to diagnose idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis.High serum IgG4 levels should be treated and monitored as a symptom of IgG4-related disease.The first line of treatment for retroperitoneal fibrosis is steroid therapy regardless of its cause.For patients with concurrent AIP,i.e.,IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis,the starting dose of steroid is usually 30-40 mg/d.The response to steroid therapy is generally favorable.In most cases,the pancreatic lesion and retroperitoneal fibrosis improve after the initial treatment.However,the epidemiology,treatment for recurring retroperitoneal fibrosis,and long-term prognosis are still largely unknown.Further analysis of such cases and research are necessary.展开更多
Objective To review published literatures comparing the safety and effectiveness of retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(RLPN) with transperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(TLPN) and provide refere...Objective To review published literatures comparing the safety and effectiveness of retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(RLPN) with transperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(TLPN) and provide reference for clinical work. Methods The search strategy was performed to identify relevant papers from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, China Hospital Knowledge Database, Wangfang Chinese Periodical Database, and VIP Chinese Periodical Database. All papers comparing RLPN with TLPN were included from 2000 to 2015. Two to three reviewers independently screened, evaluated, and extracted the included papers. A Meta-analysis was executed by using Review Manager 5.3 software. The interesting outcomes were tumor size, operating time, estimated blood loss, warm ischaemia time, length of hospital stay, positive margin rate, open conversion rate, overall complication rate, and recurrence rate. Results The literature search obtained 378 papers, then 10 of them were ultimately met the inclusion criteria and included in the systematic review. Finally, 6 of the 10 papers were included in the Meta-analysis. RLPN had significantly less operating time [P = 0.01, mean difference(MD)=-33.68, 95% confidence interval(CI) within(-60.35,-7.01)] and shorter length of hospital stay [P < 0.0001, MD=-1.47, 95% CI within(-2.18,-0.76)] than TLPN. Significant differences were not found between RLPN and TLPN in other outcomes. Conclusions RLPN may be equally safe and be faster than TLPN. Each center can choose a modality according to your own operating habits and experience.展开更多
Castleman disease(CD) is a rare disorder of lymph nodes and related tissues. CD generally occurs in the mediastinum, as well as in cervical, retroperitoneal and axillary regions. The disease is classified into two maj...Castleman disease(CD) is a rare disorder of lymph nodes and related tissues. CD generally occurs in the mediastinum, as well as in cervical, retroperitoneal and axillary regions. The disease is classified into two major types: unicentric CD(UCD) and multicentric CD. The occurrence of UCD in the retroperitoneal peripancreatic region is quite rare. We encountered two cases of retroperitoneal peripancreatic UCD in our hospital during the past three years. Following a series of medical examinations, including magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, ultrasonography and postoperative histopathological examination, these two patients were diagnosed with UCD,which presented as a retroperitoneal peripancreatic mass.The mass in each patient was completely excised,and no postoperative radiochemotherapy was administered.Both patients recovered well without recurrence during a follow-up period of 30 mo and 8 mo.展开更多
A retroperitoneal hemangioma is a rare disease. We report on the diagnosis and treatment of a retroperitoneal hemangioma which had uncommonly invaded into both the pancreas and duodenum, thus requiring a pylorus prese...A retroperitoneal hemangioma is a rare disease. We report on the diagnosis and treatment of a retroperitoneal hemangioma which had uncommonly invaded into both the pancreas and duodenum, thus requiring a pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PpPD). A 36-year-old man presented to our hospital with abdominal pain. An enhanced computed tomography scan without contrast enhancement revealed a 12 cm × 9 cm mass between the pancreas head and right kidney. Given the high rate of malignancy associated with retroperitoneal tumors, surgical resection was performed. Intraoperatively, the tumor was inseparable from both the duodenum and pancreas and PpPD was performed due to the invasive behavior. Although malignancy was suspected, pathological diagnosis identified the tumor as a retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma for which surgical resection was the proper diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Reteoperitoneal cavernous hemangioma is unique in that it is typically separated from the surrounding organs. However, clinicians need to be aware of the possibility of a case, such as this, which has invaded into the surrounding organs despite its benign etiology. From this case, we recommend that combined resection of inseparable organs should be performed if the mass has invaded into other tissues due to the hazardous nature of local recurrence. In summary, this report is the first to describe a case of retroperitoneal hemangioma that had uniquely invaded into surrounding organs and was treated with PpPD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ganglioneuroma (GN) is a rare neurogenic tumor that accounts for about 0.1%- 0.5% of all tumors of the nervous system.It originates from neural crest cells.GN has no specific clinical symptoms or laboratory...BACKGROUND Ganglioneuroma (GN) is a rare neurogenic tumor that accounts for about 0.1%- 0.5% of all tumors of the nervous system.It originates from neural crest cells.GN has no specific clinical symptoms or laboratory findings,which leaves it easily overlooked and misdiagnosed as other tumors.Retroperitoneal GN with very large volume and vascular penetration is extremely rare.CASE SUMMARY We present the imaging and pathological findings of a giant retroperitoneal GN in a child.A 4-year-old boy had suffered from postprandial vomiting for more than 6 mo with no precipitating factors.Abdominal computerized tomographic examination showed a giant cystic mass in the retroperitoneal area.After injection of contrast agent,the mass showed heterogeneous enhancement.Surgery with local excision of the mass was performed to address the embedded abdominal blood vessels,and the histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of the mass was GN.Postprandial vomiting was relieved,and no complications occurred after the operation.CONCLUSION In the diagnosis of giant retroperitoneal hypodense masses in children,GN should be considered if the mass presents delayed enhancement,punctate calcification,and vascular embedding but no invasion.Pathology is the golden standard for the diagnosis of GN,and surgical excision is the optimal treatment for GN.展开更多
We reviewed the data of all patients managed for retroperitoneal paragangliomas(PGLs)between June 2010and June 2011 to present our experience concerning this uncommon entity to highlight diagnostic and therapeutic cha...We reviewed the data of all patients managed for retroperitoneal paragangliomas(PGLs)between June 2010and June 2011 to present our experience concerning this uncommon entity to highlight diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of retroperitoneal PGLs.All patients were admitted to the department of general and hepatobiliary surgery in the regional hospital of Jendouba,Tunisia.The size of the tumor was taken at its largest dimension,as determined in a computed tomography(CT)scan and pathological reports.There were 4 patients(all women)with a median age of 48 years(range46-56 years).Abdominal pain was the commonest presentation.CT showed and localized the tumors which were all retroperitoneal.All patients had successfu surgical resection of the tumors under invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring.One patient underwent surgery for a presumed tumor of the pancreatic head.The fresh-mount microscopic study of the peroperative biopsy yielded inflammatory tissue without malignancy and no resection was performed.Final histologica examination of the biopsy concluded PGL.A secondlaparotomy was performed and the tumor was entirely resected.The diagnosis was made after surgery by histology in all patients.The control of the blood pressure was improved after surgery in 3 patients.Paragangliomas are rare tumors.The retroperitoneal localization is uncommon.Complete surgical resection remains the only curative treatment but it is often challenging as these tumors are located near multiple vital blood vessels.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Retroperitoneal abscess is a dangerous complication of the inflammatory process in organs. The pancreas reacts by enzymatic autodigestion and inflammation to external and internal factors:alcohol abuse,trau...BACKGROUND:Retroperitoneal abscess is a dangerous complication of the inflammatory process in organs. The pancreas reacts by enzymatic autodigestion and inflammation to external and internal factors:alcohol abuse,trauma,biliary stones,and viral infections. Chronic pancreatitis and formation of pseudocysts are late complications.The diffuse spread of pancreatic inflammation may form a retroperitoneal phlegmon.A better outcome is the limitation of the process by capsule formation-retroperitoneal abscess. METHODS:A 62-year-old man,with a history of alcohol abuse,was admitted for intermittent abdominal pain,fever, and significant weight loss.Previous medical consultations (laboratory tests,US,CT)confirmed chronic pancreatitis with pseudocyst formation.A new CT depicted a giant retroperitoneal abscess. RESULTS:After preoperative preparation with antibiotics, laparotomy and internal drainage-longitudinal cystoje- junostomy with Roux-en-Y loop were performed.At the 8th postoperative day the patient was in good condition. CONCLUSIONS:Giant retroperitoneal abscess is a dangerous pathology with significant mortality and morbidity.Diagnosis strongly necessitates operative intervention in order to evacuate and drain the space.Theseconditions include one internal drainage(in the GI tract) with the stomach,duodenum,or jejunum,which does not cause early and late GI discomfort and will gradually liquidate the cavity.We propose internal drainage with Roux-en-Y jejunal loop as the only method for accomplishing these conditions in cases of giant retroperitoneal abscesses.展开更多
BACKGROUND Synovial sarcoma(SS) is a rare type of soft tissue sarcoma that is usually developed from areas where synovial tissue exists, especially at the extremities.Nevertheless, several cases of retroperitoneal SS(...BACKGROUND Synovial sarcoma(SS) is a rare type of soft tissue sarcoma that is usually developed from areas where synovial tissue exists, especially at the extremities.Nevertheless, several cases of retroperitoneal SS(RSS) have been described. We herein report a case of RSS presented in our institution.CASE SUMMARY A 69-year-old female patient was admitted with a large, palpable, firm mass in the right abdominal space SS. Computerized tomography scan depicted a concentric, sharply marinated retro-peritoneal lesion which was displacing the right kidney and the lower edge of the liver. Subsequently, the patient underwent surgical excision of the mass with additional right nephrectomy and resection of the right adrenal gland and a part of the diaphragm. The final histological diagnosis of the tumour was grade II monophasic RSS.CONCLUSION RSS is encountered in the biphasic type, the monophasic fibrous, and the monophasic epithelial category as well. Relevant clinical manifestations are not always documented at early stages. Therefore, the final diagnosis is posed after complete histological examination taking into consideration the results of immunochemistry and genetic analysis. Therapeutic approach happens often late when metastases at the lungs and the liver are apparent. Thus, 5-year survival rates remain low.展开更多
BACKGROUND An ectopic hepatocellular carcinoma(EHCC)arises from the ectopic liver which is defined as a hepatic organ or tissue not connected to surrounding tissues.EHCC is a rare disease and it is difficult to diagno...BACKGROUND An ectopic hepatocellular carcinoma(EHCC)arises from the ectopic liver which is defined as a hepatic organ or tissue not connected to surrounding tissues.EHCC is a rare disease and it is difficult to diagnose preoperatively.Furthermore,the clinical features are not fully elucidated.CASE SUMMARY A retroperitoneal tumor(6 cm)was located at the dorsal side of the pancreas head on abdominal ultrasonography in an 81-year old woman positive for hepatitis C virus antibody.Contrast enhanced-computed tomography and gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed viable HCC patterns with early enhancement and delayed washout.The tumor markers-serum alphafetoprotein and alpha-fetoprotein-L3%-were increased to 30.1 ng/m L and83.1%,respectively.Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-Ⅱwas within normal levels(17 m AU/m L).Positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed strong accumulation into the tumor(Standardized Uptake Value max:13.8),and the tumor cytology following endoscopic ultrasoundguided fine needle aspiration showed poorly differentiated carcinoma.Tumor extirpation was performed,and operative findings showed that the retroperitoneal tumor was disconnected from the pancreas and the liver.Swollen lymph nodes near the tumor were histologically normal.On histological examination,the tumor was finally diagnosed as EHCC with Arginase-1 positive expression.CONCLUSION We report our experience of a rare EHCC which was difficult to diagnose,and we present a review of the literature.展开更多
If a testicular cancer pat ient has a mass in the retroperitoneum, a metastasis is often the first suspicion, probably leading to improper diagnosis and overtreatment. Here we report a case of retroperitoneal schwanno...If a testicular cancer pat ient has a mass in the retroperitoneum, a metastasis is often the first suspicion, probably leading to improper diagnosis and overtreatment. Here we report a case of retroperitoneal schwannoma mimicking metastatic seminoma. A 29-year-old man, who had a history of seminoma, presented with a single retroperitoneal mass suspected to be a metastasis. Because the patient refused radiotherapy, 3 cycles of cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin were offered. Post-chemotherapy computed tomography scan revealed persistence of the retroperitoneal mass, with no change in tumor size or characteristics. Subsequently, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was performed. The dissected tissue contained negative lymph nodes but a single mass in the attached fat. Pathology revealed retroperitoneal schwannoma, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Thus, clinicians should be aware of retroperitoneal schwannoma and its distinction from metastatic seminoma to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure proper treatment.展开更多
Epithelioid sarcoma(ES), a mesenchymatous malign neoformation, is often diagnosed in later stages and associated with high recurrence index, metastasis and mortality. We report a case of a 65 years old male, with hist...Epithelioid sarcoma(ES), a mesenchymatous malign neoformation, is often diagnosed in later stages and associated with high recurrence index, metastasis and mortality. We report a case of a 65 years old male, with history of abdominal pain and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy demonstrated a posterior duodenal wall perforation communicating with a solid retroperitoneal neoformation. Endoscopic biopsy was performed, with a final report of ES. The patient was submitted for surgical palliation due to the tumor's unresectability. Retroperitoneal ES is an extremely rare condition with limited reports in the literature where guidelines for its optimal treatment are not well established.展开更多
文摘Objective:To evaluate the perioperative as well as early oncological outcomes of patients undergoing robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for treatment of testicular cancer.Methods:We conducted a prospective consecutive case series of patients undergoing robotic assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for metastatic testicular cancer between May 2018 and July 2021 at our institution.Data were collected on patient and tumour characteristics,intraoperative and postoperative parameters,and functional and oncological outcomes.Descriptive statistics are presented.Results:Nineteen patients were identified;18(94.7%)completed the procedure robotically and one was converted to open surgery;78.9%of patients had stage≥IIB and 12(63.2%)patients had undergone prior chemotherapy.The median operative time was 300(interquartile range[IQR]240-315)min.Median blood loss was 100(IQR 50-175)mL.Median length of stay was 2(range 1-11)days.All robotically completed patients commenced diet and passed flatus on Day 1 and were discharged by Day 3.The median lymph node yield was 40.5(IQR 38-51)nodes.All patients undergoing nerve-sparing procedures recovered antegrade ejaculatory function.One patient had a Clavien-Dindo III complication(chylous ascites requiring drainage).At a median follow-up of 22.3(IQR 16.3-24.9)months,one patient developed retroperitoneal recurrence,which was successfully treated with second-line chemotherapy;no other patients have had recurrences.Conclusion:Robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is a safe and feasible alternative to open surgery in appropriately selected patients,offering low morbidity.Early oncological outcomes are promising.Larger cohorts and longer follow-ups are required to validate our institution's findings.
文摘BACKGROUND Bronchogenic cysts are rare developmental anomalies that belong to the category of congenital enterogenous cysts.They arise from lung buds and are present at birth.The embryonic foregut is their origin.Typically,they are located within the chest cavity,particularly in the cavum mediastinale of the thoracic cavity or lodged in the pulmonary parenchyma,and are considered a type of lung bud malformation.CASE SUMMARY A 49-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital due to the detection of a retroperitoneal mass during a physical examination.Two weeks before admission,the patient underwent a physical examination and routine laboratory tests,which revealed a space-occupying mass in the retroperitoneal region.The patient did not report any symptoms(such as abdominal pain,flatulence,nausea,vomiting,high fever,or chills).The computed tomography(CT)revealed a retroperitoneal spaceoccupying lesion with minimal enhancement and a CT value of approximately 36 Hounsfield units.The lesion was not delineated from the boundary of the pancreatic body and was closely related to the retroperitoneum locally.CONCLUSION Following a series of tests,an abdominal mass was identified,prompting the implementation of a laparoscopic retroperitoneal mass excision procedure.During the investigation,an 8 cm×7 cm cystic round-shaped mass with a distinct demarcation was identified in the upper posterior region of the pancreas.Subsequently,full resection of the mass was performed.Postoperative pathological examination reveled a cystic mass characterized by a smooth inner wall.The cystic mass was found to contain a white,viscous liquid within its capsule.
文摘BACKGROUND Hemolymphangioma is a very rare benign tumor in clinical practice caused by abnormalities of the vasculature.Its clinical features are often atypical,and it is easy to miss and misdiagnose.When the time of nuclear magnetic T1 is significantly reduced,the diagnosis of hemangioma should be considered.Therefore,we report this case in the hope of raising clinicians'awareness of the disease.CASE SUMMARY A 37-year-old man presented with a giant retroperitoneal hemolymphangioma.Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging indicated the possibility of a large perirenal lymphatic cyst.The postoperative pathological diagnosis is retroperitoneal hemolymphangioma.The patient underwent surgical excision after adequate drainage.The postoperative recovery was smooth and there were no complications.There was no recurrence during half a year of follow-up.CONCLUSION This case reiterates that large retroperitoneal cystic masses with significantly shortened nuclear T1 time should be considered hemolymphangioma.Specific clinical basis and experience for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases is necessary.
文摘Objective Post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection(PC-RPLND)represents an integral component of the management of patients with non-seminomatous germ cell tumor(NSGCT).Modified templates have been proposed to minimize the surgical morbidity of the procedure.Moreover,the implementation of robotic surgery in this setting has been explored.We report our experience with unilateral post-chemotherapy robot-assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection(PC-rRPLND)for clinical Stages IIA and IIB NSGCTs.Methods A retrospective single institution review was performed including 33 patients undergoing PC-rRPLND for Stages IIA and IIB NSGCTs between January 2015 and February 2019.Following orchiectomy,patients were scheduled for chemotherapy with three cycles of bleomycin-etoposide-cisplatin.Patients with a residual tumor of<5 cm and an ipsilateral metastatic disease on pre-and post-chemotherapy CT scans were eligible for a unilateral template in absence of rising tumor markers.Descriptive statistics were provided for demographics,clinical characteristics,intraoperative and postoperative parameters.Perioperative,oncological,and functional outcomes were recorded.Results Overall,7(21.2%)patients exhibited necrosis or fibrosis;14(42.4%)had mature teratoma;and 12(36.4%)had viable tumor at final histology.The median lymph node size at surgery was 25(interquartile range[IQR]21-36)mm.Median operative time was 180(IQR 165-215)min and no major postoperative complications were observed.Anterograde ejaculation was preserved in 75.8%of patients.Median follow-up was 26(IQR 19-30)months and a total of three recurrences were recorded.Conclusion PC-rRPLND is a reliable and technically reproducible procedure with safe oncological outcomes and acceptable postoperative ejaculatory function in well selected patients with NSGCTs.
基金Supported by Health Commission of Qinghai Province,No.2020-wjzdx-28.
文摘BACKGROUND Primary abdominal and retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma is a vascular tumor and rarely seen in the clinic.Due to the lack of specific imaging features,retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma cannot be diagnosed accurately.Some symptoms may develop with the enlargement of lesion volume or the occurrence of complications such as rupture or oppression.We report here a special case who was admitted with chronic abdominal pain.Admission examination suggested a retroperitoneal lymphatic duct cyst.Laparoscopic resection of the retroperitoneal mass was performed,and histological examination confirmed retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 43-year-old Tibetan woman with intermittent left lower abdominal pain and discomfort 3 years ago.Ultrasonography revealed a cystic mass in the retroperitoneum with clear boundaries,internal septa,and no blood flow signal.Computed tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)showed an irregular space-occupying mass in the retroperitoneum,and retroperitoneal lymphatic cyst was considered.Plain CT scanning showed multiple cystlike hypo-intense shadows in the retroperitoneum,partially fused into a mass,and no obvious enhancement was found on enhanced scanning.MRI showed multiple irregular clump-like long T1 and long T2 signal shadows above the pancreas,within which linear short T2 signal shadows were seen.Diffusionweighted imaging sequence showed hypo-signal shadows,without obvious enhancement on enhanced scanning.Ultrasound,CT,and MRI all suggested the possibility of retroperitoneal lymphatic cyst.However,the patient was finally diagnosed with retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma by pathological examination.CONCLUSION Retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma is a benign lesion,and it is difficult to make a diagnosis preoperatively.Surgical resection may be the only treatment,which not only allows histopathological confirmation as a diagnostic purpose and excludes any risk of malignancy,but also avoids invasion of adjacent tissues,oppression,and other complications as a therapeutic goal.
基金Supported by the Introduction of High-level Health Team Project in Zhuhai.
文摘BACKGROUND IgG4-related disease(IgG4-RD)is a chronic fibrotic disease mediated by immunity recognized by clinicians in recent years.When the kidney is involved,it is called IgG4-related kidney disease(IgG4-RKD).IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis(IgG4-TIN)is a representative manifestation of IgG4-RKD.IgG4-TIN can cause obstructive nephropathy complicated by retroperitoneal fibrosis(RPF).Cases of IgG4-TIN complicated with RPF are rare.Glucocorticoids are the firstline therapeutic medication for IgG4-RD and can significantly improve renal function.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report the case of a 56-year-old man with IgG4-RKD complicated with RPF.The patient presented to the hospital with complaints of elevated serum creatinine(Cr),nausea,and vomiting.During hospitalization,Cr was 1448.6μmol/L,and serum IgG4 was increased.A total abdominal computed tomography(CT)scan and enhanced CT scan obviously indicated RPF.Although this patient had a long course and renal insufficiency,we performed a kidney biopsy.Renal biopsy showed that the renal tubulointerstitium had focal plasma cell infiltration and increased lymphocyte infiltration accompanied by fibrosis.After combining the biopsy results with immunohistochemistry,it was found that the absolute number of positive IgG4+cells per high power field exceeded 10,and the ratio of IgG4/IgG was over 40%.Finally,the patient was diagnosed with IgG4-TIN complicated with RPF and given glucocorticoids as long-term maintenance therapy,helping him keep out of dialysis.After a follow-up of 19 mo,the patient had recovered well.Previous literature on IgG4-RKD and RPF was retrieved from PubMed to characterize the clinical and pathological features and to identify the diagnosis and treatment of IgG4-RKD.CONCLUSION Our case report demonstrates the clinical characteristics of IgG4-RKD complicated with RPF.Serum IgG4 is a favorable indicator for screening.Performing renal biopsy actively plays a vital role in diagnosis and treatment,even if the patient has a long course and manifests with renal insufficiency.It is remarkable to treat IgG4-RKD with glucocorticoids.Hence,early diagnosis and targeted therapy are essential for reversing renal function and improving extrarenal manifestations in patients with IgG4-RKD.
文摘Objective To assess the feasibility of internal suspension technique in retroperitoneal robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(rRAPN)with a new robotic platform called KangDuo Surgical Robot-01(KD-SR-01)system(Suzhou KangDuo Robot Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou,China)and discuss its surgical technique.Methods A 44-year-old male patient was admitted with a 2.5 cm tumor on dorsolateral upper pole of the left kidney.The R.E.N.A.L.nephrometry score of this patient was 4x.This patient underwent rRAPN with KD-SR-01.The perinephric fat between the tumor and Gerota's fascia was preserved,which was used for internal suspension traction during tumor resection.Postoperative follow-up data were collected.Results The surgery was successfully carried out with a duration of 127 min,in which the docking time was 6 min 25 s and console time was 60 min.The warm ischemia time was 19 min 53 s,and the estimated blood loss was 0 mL.The pathological histology showed a pathological tumor stage 1a clear cell renal cell carcinoma,with a negative surgical margin.The World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology(WHO/ISUP)grade of this patient was Grade 2.No recurrence was observed during the 6-month follow-up.Conclusion Internal suspension in rRAPN is feasible and effective with use of the new robotic system KD-SR-01.
文摘BACKGROUND Hospitalized and severely ill coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients necessitate prophylactic or therapeutic anticoagulation to minimize the risk of thrombosis at different sites.Life-threatening bleeding complications include spontaneous iliopsoas hematoma,peritoneal bleeding,and extra-abdominal manifestations such as intracranial hemorrhage.CASE SUMMARY Bleeding in the abdominal wall results in less severe complications than seen with iliopsoas hematoma or peritoneal bleeding.In our case series of 9 patients,we present retroperitoneal and abdominal bleeding complications following anticoagulation in hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia.Contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CE-CT)is the best imaging modality for assessing hematoma secondary to anticoagulation and determines the therapeutic approach,whether interventional,surgical,or conservative management.CONCLUSION We present the role of CE-CT for rapid and precise localization of the bleeding site and prognostic counseling.Finally,we provide a brief review of the literature.
文摘BACKGROUND Paraganglioma(PGL)located in the retroperitoneum presents challenges in diagnosis and treatment due to its hidden location,lack of specific symptoms in the early stages,and absence of distinctive manifestations on imaging.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old woman presented with a left upper abdominal mass discovered 1 wk ago during a physical examination.She did not have a history of smoking,alcohol consumption,or other harmful habits,no surgical procedures or infectious diseases,and had a 4-year history of hypertension.Upon admission,she did not exhibit fever,vomiting,or abdominal distension.Physical examination indicated mild percussion pain in the left upper abdomen,with no palpable enlargement of the liver or spleen.Laboratory tests and tumor markers showed no significant abnormalities.Enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the upper abdomen revealed a cystic solid mass in the left epigastrium measuring approximately 6.5 cm×4.5 cm,with inhomogeneous enhancement in the arterial phase,closely associated with the lesser curvature of the stomach and the pancreas.The patient underwent laparoscopic resection of the retroperitoneal mass,which was successfully removed without tumor rupture.A 12-month postoperative follow-up period showed good recovery.CONCLUSION This case report details the successful laparoscopic resection of a retroperitoneal subclinical PGL,resulting in a good recovery observed at the 12-month follow-up.Interestingly,the patient also experienced unexpected cure of hypertensive disease.
基金Supported by The Research Program of Intractable Disease and the Research Committee of Intractable Pancreatic Diseases of the Ministry of Health,Labor and Welfare of Japan
文摘Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare disease characterized by the development of inflammation and fibrosis in the soft tissues of the retroperitoneum and other abdominal organs.Retroperitoneal fibrosis can be of 2 types:idiopathic and secondary.The recently advocated concept and diagnostic criteria of immunoglobulin G4(IgG4)-related disease,derived from research on autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP),has led to widespread recognition of retroperitoneal fibrosis as a condition caused by IgG4-related disease.We now know that previously diagnosed idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis includes IgG4-related disease;however,the actual prevalence is unclear.Conversely,some reports on AIP suggest that retroperitoneal fibrosis is concurrently found in about 10% of IgG4-related disease.Because retroperitoneal fibrosis has no specific symptoms,diagnosis is primarily based on diagnostic imaging(computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging),which is also useful in evaluating the effect of therapy.Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis can occur at different times with other lesions of IgG4-related disease including AIP.Thus,the IgG4 assay is recommended to diagnose idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis.High serum IgG4 levels should be treated and monitored as a symptom of IgG4-related disease.The first line of treatment for retroperitoneal fibrosis is steroid therapy regardless of its cause.For patients with concurrent AIP,i.e.,IgG4-related retroperitoneal fibrosis,the starting dose of steroid is usually 30-40 mg/d.The response to steroid therapy is generally favorable.In most cases,the pancreatic lesion and retroperitoneal fibrosis improve after the initial treatment.However,the epidemiology,treatment for recurring retroperitoneal fibrosis,and long-term prognosis are still largely unknown.Further analysis of such cases and research are necessary.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Plans of Shaoxing Science and Technology Bureau,China(2010D10014)
文摘Objective To review published literatures comparing the safety and effectiveness of retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(RLPN) with transperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy(TLPN) and provide reference for clinical work. Methods The search strategy was performed to identify relevant papers from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, China Hospital Knowledge Database, Wangfang Chinese Periodical Database, and VIP Chinese Periodical Database. All papers comparing RLPN with TLPN were included from 2000 to 2015. Two to three reviewers independently screened, evaluated, and extracted the included papers. A Meta-analysis was executed by using Review Manager 5.3 software. The interesting outcomes were tumor size, operating time, estimated blood loss, warm ischaemia time, length of hospital stay, positive margin rate, open conversion rate, overall complication rate, and recurrence rate. Results The literature search obtained 378 papers, then 10 of them were ultimately met the inclusion criteria and included in the systematic review. Finally, 6 of the 10 papers were included in the Meta-analysis. RLPN had significantly less operating time [P = 0.01, mean difference(MD)=-33.68, 95% confidence interval(CI) within(-60.35,-7.01)] and shorter length of hospital stay [P < 0.0001, MD=-1.47, 95% CI within(-2.18,-0.76)] than TLPN. Significant differences were not found between RLPN and TLPN in other outcomes. Conclusions RLPN may be equally safe and be faster than TLPN. Each center can choose a modality according to your own operating habits and experience.
基金Supported by the Key Research and Development Plan of Shandong Province,No.2016GSF201108
文摘Castleman disease(CD) is a rare disorder of lymph nodes and related tissues. CD generally occurs in the mediastinum, as well as in cervical, retroperitoneal and axillary regions. The disease is classified into two major types: unicentric CD(UCD) and multicentric CD. The occurrence of UCD in the retroperitoneal peripancreatic region is quite rare. We encountered two cases of retroperitoneal peripancreatic UCD in our hospital during the past three years. Following a series of medical examinations, including magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, ultrasonography and postoperative histopathological examination, these two patients were diagnosed with UCD,which presented as a retroperitoneal peripancreatic mass.The mass in each patient was completely excised,and no postoperative radiochemotherapy was administered.Both patients recovered well without recurrence during a follow-up period of 30 mo and 8 mo.
文摘A retroperitoneal hemangioma is a rare disease. We report on the diagnosis and treatment of a retroperitoneal hemangioma which had uncommonly invaded into both the pancreas and duodenum, thus requiring a pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PpPD). A 36-year-old man presented to our hospital with abdominal pain. An enhanced computed tomography scan without contrast enhancement revealed a 12 cm × 9 cm mass between the pancreas head and right kidney. Given the high rate of malignancy associated with retroperitoneal tumors, surgical resection was performed. Intraoperatively, the tumor was inseparable from both the duodenum and pancreas and PpPD was performed due to the invasive behavior. Although malignancy was suspected, pathological diagnosis identified the tumor as a retroperitoneal cavernous hemangioma for which surgical resection was the proper diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. Reteoperitoneal cavernous hemangioma is unique in that it is typically separated from the surrounding organs. However, clinicians need to be aware of the possibility of a case, such as this, which has invaded into the surrounding organs despite its benign etiology. From this case, we recommend that combined resection of inseparable organs should be performed if the mass has invaded into other tissues due to the hazardous nature of local recurrence. In summary, this report is the first to describe a case of retroperitoneal hemangioma that had uniquely invaded into surrounding organs and was treated with PpPD.
文摘BACKGROUND Ganglioneuroma (GN) is a rare neurogenic tumor that accounts for about 0.1%- 0.5% of all tumors of the nervous system.It originates from neural crest cells.GN has no specific clinical symptoms or laboratory findings,which leaves it easily overlooked and misdiagnosed as other tumors.Retroperitoneal GN with very large volume and vascular penetration is extremely rare.CASE SUMMARY We present the imaging and pathological findings of a giant retroperitoneal GN in a child.A 4-year-old boy had suffered from postprandial vomiting for more than 6 mo with no precipitating factors.Abdominal computerized tomographic examination showed a giant cystic mass in the retroperitoneal area.After injection of contrast agent,the mass showed heterogeneous enhancement.Surgery with local excision of the mass was performed to address the embedded abdominal blood vessels,and the histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of the mass was GN.Postprandial vomiting was relieved,and no complications occurred after the operation.CONCLUSION In the diagnosis of giant retroperitoneal hypodense masses in children,GN should be considered if the mass presents delayed enhancement,punctate calcification,and vascular embedding but no invasion.Pathology is the golden standard for the diagnosis of GN,and surgical excision is the optimal treatment for GN.
文摘We reviewed the data of all patients managed for retroperitoneal paragangliomas(PGLs)between June 2010and June 2011 to present our experience concerning this uncommon entity to highlight diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of retroperitoneal PGLs.All patients were admitted to the department of general and hepatobiliary surgery in the regional hospital of Jendouba,Tunisia.The size of the tumor was taken at its largest dimension,as determined in a computed tomography(CT)scan and pathological reports.There were 4 patients(all women)with a median age of 48 years(range46-56 years).Abdominal pain was the commonest presentation.CT showed and localized the tumors which were all retroperitoneal.All patients had successfu surgical resection of the tumors under invasive arterial blood pressure monitoring.One patient underwent surgery for a presumed tumor of the pancreatic head.The fresh-mount microscopic study of the peroperative biopsy yielded inflammatory tissue without malignancy and no resection was performed.Final histologica examination of the biopsy concluded PGL.A secondlaparotomy was performed and the tumor was entirely resected.The diagnosis was made after surgery by histology in all patients.The control of the blood pressure was improved after surgery in 3 patients.Paragangliomas are rare tumors.The retroperitoneal localization is uncommon.Complete surgical resection remains the only curative treatment but it is often challenging as these tumors are located near multiple vital blood vessels.
文摘BACKGROUND:Retroperitoneal abscess is a dangerous complication of the inflammatory process in organs. The pancreas reacts by enzymatic autodigestion and inflammation to external and internal factors:alcohol abuse,trauma,biliary stones,and viral infections. Chronic pancreatitis and formation of pseudocysts are late complications.The diffuse spread of pancreatic inflammation may form a retroperitoneal phlegmon.A better outcome is the limitation of the process by capsule formation-retroperitoneal abscess. METHODS:A 62-year-old man,with a history of alcohol abuse,was admitted for intermittent abdominal pain,fever, and significant weight loss.Previous medical consultations (laboratory tests,US,CT)confirmed chronic pancreatitis with pseudocyst formation.A new CT depicted a giant retroperitoneal abscess. RESULTS:After preoperative preparation with antibiotics, laparotomy and internal drainage-longitudinal cystoje- junostomy with Roux-en-Y loop were performed.At the 8th postoperative day the patient was in good condition. CONCLUSIONS:Giant retroperitoneal abscess is a dangerous pathology with significant mortality and morbidity.Diagnosis strongly necessitates operative intervention in order to evacuate and drain the space.Theseconditions include one internal drainage(in the GI tract) with the stomach,duodenum,or jejunum,which does not cause early and late GI discomfort and will gradually liquidate the cavity.We propose internal drainage with Roux-en-Y jejunal loop as the only method for accomplishing these conditions in cases of giant retroperitoneal abscesses.
文摘BACKGROUND Synovial sarcoma(SS) is a rare type of soft tissue sarcoma that is usually developed from areas where synovial tissue exists, especially at the extremities.Nevertheless, several cases of retroperitoneal SS(RSS) have been described. We herein report a case of RSS presented in our institution.CASE SUMMARY A 69-year-old female patient was admitted with a large, palpable, firm mass in the right abdominal space SS. Computerized tomography scan depicted a concentric, sharply marinated retro-peritoneal lesion which was displacing the right kidney and the lower edge of the liver. Subsequently, the patient underwent surgical excision of the mass with additional right nephrectomy and resection of the right adrenal gland and a part of the diaphragm. The final histological diagnosis of the tumour was grade II monophasic RSS.CONCLUSION RSS is encountered in the biphasic type, the monophasic fibrous, and the monophasic epithelial category as well. Relevant clinical manifestations are not always documented at early stages. Therefore, the final diagnosis is posed after complete histological examination taking into consideration the results of immunochemistry and genetic analysis. Therapeutic approach happens often late when metastases at the lungs and the liver are apparent. Thus, 5-year survival rates remain low.
文摘BACKGROUND An ectopic hepatocellular carcinoma(EHCC)arises from the ectopic liver which is defined as a hepatic organ or tissue not connected to surrounding tissues.EHCC is a rare disease and it is difficult to diagnose preoperatively.Furthermore,the clinical features are not fully elucidated.CASE SUMMARY A retroperitoneal tumor(6 cm)was located at the dorsal side of the pancreas head on abdominal ultrasonography in an 81-year old woman positive for hepatitis C virus antibody.Contrast enhanced-computed tomography and gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed viable HCC patterns with early enhancement and delayed washout.The tumor markers-serum alphafetoprotein and alpha-fetoprotein-L3%-were increased to 30.1 ng/m L and83.1%,respectively.Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-Ⅱwas within normal levels(17 m AU/m L).Positron emission tomography-computed tomography showed strong accumulation into the tumor(Standardized Uptake Value max:13.8),and the tumor cytology following endoscopic ultrasoundguided fine needle aspiration showed poorly differentiated carcinoma.Tumor extirpation was performed,and operative findings showed that the retroperitoneal tumor was disconnected from the pancreas and the liver.Swollen lymph nodes near the tumor were histologically normal.On histological examination,the tumor was finally diagnosed as EHCC with Arginase-1 positive expression.CONCLUSION We report our experience of a rare EHCC which was difficult to diagnose,and we present a review of the literature.
文摘If a testicular cancer pat ient has a mass in the retroperitoneum, a metastasis is often the first suspicion, probably leading to improper diagnosis and overtreatment. Here we report a case of retroperitoneal schwannoma mimicking metastatic seminoma. A 29-year-old man, who had a history of seminoma, presented with a single retroperitoneal mass suspected to be a metastasis. Because the patient refused radiotherapy, 3 cycles of cisplatin, etoposide, and bleomycin were offered. Post-chemotherapy computed tomography scan revealed persistence of the retroperitoneal mass, with no change in tumor size or characteristics. Subsequently, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection was performed. The dissected tissue contained negative lymph nodes but a single mass in the attached fat. Pathology revealed retroperitoneal schwannoma, which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Thus, clinicians should be aware of retroperitoneal schwannoma and its distinction from metastatic seminoma to avoid misdiagnosis and ensure proper treatment.
基金Supported by Hospital Juarez de Mexico in Mexico City,Mexico
文摘Epithelioid sarcoma(ES), a mesenchymatous malign neoformation, is often diagnosed in later stages and associated with high recurrence index, metastasis and mortality. We report a case of a 65 years old male, with history of abdominal pain and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Endoscopy demonstrated a posterior duodenal wall perforation communicating with a solid retroperitoneal neoformation. Endoscopic biopsy was performed, with a final report of ES. The patient was submitted for surgical palliation due to the tumor's unresectability. Retroperitoneal ES is an extremely rare condition with limited reports in the literature where guidelines for its optimal treatment are not well established.