The big data challenge-and how polypharmacology supports the translation from pre-clinical research into clinical use against neurodegenerative diseases and beyond

Introductory comments:The identification and validation of disease-modifying proteins are fundamental aspects in drug development.However,the m ultifactority of n eurodegen era tive diseases poses a real challenge for targeted therapies.Furthermore,the behavior of individually(over-)expressed to rget proteins in vitro is likely to differ from their actual functional behavior when embedded in cascades and pathways in vivo.

RNPS1 stabilizes NAT10 protein to facilitate translation in cancer via tRNA ac^(4)C modification

Existing studies have underscored the pivotal role of N-acetyltransferase 10(NAT10) in various cancers. However, the outcomes of protein-protein interactions between NAT10 and its protein partners in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC) remain unexplored. In this study, we identified a significant upregulation of RNA-binding protein with serine-rich domain 1(RNPS1) in HNSCC, where RNPS1 inhibits the ubiquitination degradation of NAT10 by E3 ubiquitin ligase, zinc finger SWIM domain-containing protein 6(ZSWIM6), through direct protein interaction, thereby promoting high NAT10 expression in HNSCC. This upregulated NAT10 stability mediates the enhancement of specific tRNA ac^(4)C modifications, subsequently boosting the translation process of genes involved in pathways such as IL-6 signaling, IL-8 signaling, and PTEN signaling that play roles in regulating HNSCC malignant progression, ultimately influencing the survival and prognosis of HNSCC patients. Additionally, we pioneered the development of TRMC-seq, leading to the discovery of novel t RNA-ac^(4)C modification sites, thereby providing a potent sequencing tool for tRNAac^(4)C research. Our findings expand the repertoire of tRNA ac^(4)C modifications and identify a role of tRNA ac^(4)C in the regulation of mRNA translation in HNSCC.

Effective extraction of polyribosomes from astrocytes enables future discoveries on translation regulation

Translation regulation is an important layer of gene expression:Generation of genome-wide expression datasets at multi-omics levels in spatial,temporal,and cell-type resolution is essential for deciphering brain complexity.Regulation of gene expression is a highly dynamic process aiming at the production of precise levels of gene products to guarantee optimal cellular function,in response to physiological cues.Speedy advances in next-generation sequencing enabled the understanding of epigenomic and transcriptomic dynamic landscapes of different brain regions along development,aging,and disease progression.However,the correlation of the“transcriptome”with protein levels is poor because numerous mRNAs are subjected to manipulation of their translation efficiency,to warrant a favorable result under certain conditions.Hence,it is widely accepted that regulation at the translation level is a vital layer of gene expression.Quantification of actively translated mRNA populations(i.e.,“translatome”)is a more reliable predictor of the“proteome”(Wang et al.,2020).

语料库翻译研究背景下的“translationese”与“翻译共性”刍议

近年来,在基于语料库的翻译研究背景下,翻译语言特征描写中的两个关键词——“translationese”与“翻译共性”备受关注,两者之间既有区别,亦有交织重叠的地方。在国内翻译研究领域,“translationese”的译名和定义也不尽一致。本研究梳理了语料库研究方法背景下两者的概念和研究模式的发展,进而探讨了translationese的连续性特征以及它与翻译共性假设的关系问题,提出以“特征译语”为译名以突出其特点,并阐明了本研究在理论与实践方面的意义。

Triple reverse order law for the Drazin inverse

In this paper,we investigate the reverse order law for Drazin inverse of three bound-ed linear operators under some commutation relations.Moreover,the Drazin invertibility of sum is also obtained for two bounded linear operators and its expression is presented.

Preliminary compact torus injection experiments on the Keda Torus eXperiment reversed field pinch

A new compact torus injector(KTX-CTI)has been built for injection experiments on the Keda Torus eXperiment(KTX)reversed field pinch(RFP).The aim is to study the fundamental physics governing the compact torus(CT)central fueling processes.In experiments conducted under the sole influence of a 0.1 T toroidal magnetic field,the injected CT successfully penetrated the entire toroidal magnetic field,reaching the inner wall of the KTX vacuum vessel.Upon reaching the inner wall,the CT diffused both radially outward and toroidally within the vessel at a discernible diffusion speed.Moreover,the inherent helicity within the CT induced a modest KTX plasma current of 200 A,consistent with predictions based on helicity conservation.CT injection demonstrated the capability to initiate KTX discharges at low loop voltages,suggesting its potential as a pre-ionization and current startup technique.During RFP discharges featuring CT injection,the central plasma density was found to exceed the Greenwald density limit,with more peaked density profiles,indicating the predominant confinement of CT plasma within the core region of the KTX bulk plasma.

A numerical survey of parameters to reach ignition condition for axial compression of a large-sized field reversed configuration

Field reversed configuration(FRC)is widely considered as an ideal target plasma for magnetoinertial fusion.However,its confinement and stability,both proportional to the radius,will deteriorate inevitably during radial compression.Hence,we propose a new fusion approach based on axial compression of a large-sized FRC.The axial compression can be made by plasma jets or plasmoids converging onto the axial ends of the FRC.The parameter space that can reach the ignition condition while preserving the FRC's overall quality is studied using a numerical model based on different FRC confinement scalings.It is found that ignition is possible for a large FRC that can be achieved with the current FRC formation techniques if compression ratio is greater than 50.A more realistic compression is to combine axial with moderate radial compression,which is also presented and calculated in this work.

The Immense Impact of Reverse Edges on Large Hierarchical Networks

Hierarchical networks are frequently encountered in animal groups,gene networks,and artificial engineering systems such as multiple robots,unmanned vehicle systems,smart grids,wind farm networks,and so forth.The structure of a large directed hierarchical network is often strongly influenced by reverse edges from lower-to higher-level nodes,such as lagging birds’howl in a flock or the opinions of lowerlevel individuals feeding back to higher-level ones in a social group.This study reveals that,for most large-scale real hierarchical networks,the majority of the reverse edges do not affect the synchronization process of the entire network;the synchronization process is influenced only by a small part of these reverse edges along specific paths.More surprisingly,a single effective reverse edge can slow down the synchronization of a huge hierarchical network by over 60%.The effect of such edges depends not on the network size but only on the average in-degree of the involved subnetwork.The overwhelming majority of active reverse edges turn out to have some kind of“bunching”effect on the information flows of hierarchical networks,which slows down synchronization processes.This finding refines the current understanding of the role of reverse edges in many natural,social,and engineering hierarchical networks,which might be beneficial for precisely tuning the synchronization rhythms of these networks.Our study also proposes an effective way to attack a hierarchical network by adding a malicious reverse edge to it and provides some guidance for protecting a network by screening out the specific small proportion of vulnerable nodes.

A Reverse Path Planning Approach for Enhanced Performance of Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Industrial Manipulators

In the domain of autonomous industrial manipulators,precise positioning and appropriate posture selection in path planning are pivotal for tasks involving obstacle avoidance,such as handling,heat sealing,and stacking.While Multi-Degree-of-Freedom(MDOF)manipulators offer kinematic redundancy,aiding in the derivation of optimal inverse kinematic solutions to meet position and posture requisites,their path planning entails intricate multiobjective optimization,encompassing path,posture,and joint motion optimization.Achieving satisfactory results in practical scenarios remains challenging.In response,this study introduces a novel Reverse Path Planning(RPP)methodology tailored for industrial manipulators.The approach commences by conceptualizing the manipulator’s end-effector as an agent within a reinforcement learning(RL)framework,wherein the state space,action set,and reward function are precisely defined to expedite the search for an initial collision-free path.To enhance convergence speed,the Q-learning algorithm in RL is augmented with Dyna-Q.Additionally,we formulate the cylindrical bounding box of the manipulator based on its Denavit-Hartenberg(DH)parameters and propose a swift collision detection technique.Furthermore,the motion performance of the end-effector is refined through a bidirectional search,and joint weighting coefficients are introduced to mitigate motion in high-power joints.The efficacy of the proposed RPP methodology is rigorously examined through extensive simulations conducted on a six-degree-of-freedom(6-DOF)manipulator encountering two distinct obstacle configurations and target positions.Experimental results substantiate that the RPP method adeptly orchestrates the computation of the shortest collision-free path while adhering to specific posture constraints at the target point.Moreover,itminimizes both posture angle deviations and joint motion,showcasing its prowess in enhancing the operational performance of MDOF industrial manipulators.

Stresses in the Scapular Fossa Do Not Exceed the Yield Stress When Elevated up to 135 Degrees of Abduction after Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is an effective treatment for rotator cuff tears. Despite its advantages, complications occur at a high rate. Complications requiring revision include a high rate of base plate failure, 38% of which are due to instability. The primary stability the base plate ensures is a crucial factor and, thus, is the subject of much debate in clinical studies and biomechanical research. This study is aimed to provide data that will contribute to the base plate’s pri-mary stability and glenoid longevity by clarifying the stresses at the scapular fossa and base plate interface associated with elevation after RSA. A 3D finite element model was created from the DICOM data for the scapulohumeral joint and SMR shoulder system. For loading conditions, 30 N was applied for each posi-tion with abduction angles of 0, 45, 90, and 135 degrees. A three-dimensional fi-nite element analysis was performed using the static implicit method with LS-DYNA. The von Mises stresses in the scapular fossa were found not to exceed the yield stress on the bone even after elevation to an abduction angle of 135 de-grees after RSA. It is rough to uniformly compare the yield stress and the von Mises stress, but it was inferred that the possibility of fracture is low unless a large external force is applied. A maximum von Mises stress showed 0 degrees of abduction, suggesting that the lowered position is in a more severe condition than the elevated position. If better improvement is desired, it may be necessary to devise ways to reduce the stress on the upper screw. .

Reversed charge transfer induced by nickel in Fe-Ni/Mo_(2)C@nitrogen-doped carbon nanobox for promoted reversible oxygen electrocatalysis

The interaction between metal and support is critical in oxygen catalysis as it governs the charge transfer between these two entities,influences the electronic structures of the supported metal,affects the adsorption energies of reaction intermediates,and ultimately impacts the catalytic performance.In this study,we discovered a unique charge transfer reversal phenomenon in a metal/carbon nanohybrid system.Specifically,electrons were transferred from the metal-based species to N-doped carbon,while the carbon support reciprocally donated electrons to the metal domain upon the introduction of nickel.This led to the exceptional electrocatalytic performances of the resulting Ni-Fe/Mo_(2)C@nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst,with a half-wave potential of 0.91 V towards oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and a low overpotential of 290 m V at 10 mA cm^(-2)towards oxygen evolution reaction(OER)under alkaline conditions.Additionally,the Fe-Ni/Mo_(2)C@carbon heterojunction catalyst demonstrated high specific capacity(794 mA h g_(Zn)~(-1))and excellent cycling stability(200 h)in a Zn-air battery.Theoretical calculations revealed that Mo_(2)C effectively inhibited charge transfer from Fe to the support,while secondary doping of Ni induced a charge transfer reversal,resulting in electron accumulation in the Fe-Ni alloy region.This local electronic structure modulation significantly reduced energy barriers in the oxygen catalysis process,enhancing the catalytic efficiency of both ORR and OER.Consequently,our findings underscore the potential of manipulating charge transfer reversal between the metal and support as a promising strategy for developing highly-active and durable bi-functional oxygen electrodes.

Exceptional reversed yield strength asymmetry in a rare-earth free Mg alloy containing quasicrystal precipitates

This work reports an exceptional reversed yield strength asymmetry at room temperature for a rare-earth free magnesium alloy containing a mass of fine dispersed quasicrystal(I-phase)precipitates.Although exhibiting traditional basal texture,it owns an exceptional CYS/TYS as high as~1.17.Electron back-scattered diffraction(EBSD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)examinations indicate pyramidal and prismatic dislocations plus tensile twinning being activated after immediate yielding in compression while basal and non-basal dislocations in tension.I-phase particles transferred the concentrated stress by self-twinning to provide the driving force for tensile twin initiating in neighboring grains,thereby significantly increasing the critical resolved shear stress of tensile twinning to possibly the level of pyramidal slip,finally leading to the dominance of pyramidal slip plus tensile twinning in texture grains.This results in a higher contribution on yield strength by~55 MPa in compression than in tension,which reasonably agrees with the experimental yield strength difference(~38 MPa).It can be concluded that I-phase particles influence deformation modes in tension and in compression,finally result in reversed yield strength asymmetry.

Mass transfer process of peanut protein extracted by bis(2-ethylhexyl)sodium sulfosuccinate reverse micelles

The liquid-liquid extraction method using reverse micelles can simultaneously extract lipid and protein of oilseeds,which have become increasingly popular in recent years.However,there are few studies on mass transfer processes and models,which are helpful to better control the extraction process of oils and proteins.In this paper,mass transfer process of peanut protein extracted by bis(2-ethylhexyl)sodium sulfosuccinate(AOT)/isooctane reverse micelles was investigated.The effects of stirring speed(0,70,140,and 210 r/min),temperature of extraction(30,35,40,45,and 50℃),peanut flour particle size(0.355,0.450,0.600,and 0.900 mm)and solidliquid ratio(0.010,0.0125,0.015,0.0175,and 0.020 g/mL)on extraction rate were examined.The results showed that extraction rate increased with temperature rising,particle size reduction as well as solid-liquid ratio increase respectively,while little effect of stirring speed(P>0.05)was observed.The apparent activation energy of extraction process was calculated as 10.02 kJ/mol and Arrhenius constant(A)was 1.91 by Arrhenius equation.There was a linear relationship between reaction rate constant and the square of the inverse of initial particle radius(1/r_(0)^(2))(P<0.05).This phenomenon and this shrinking core model were anastomosed.In brief,the extraction process was controlled by the diffusion of protein from the virgin zone interface of particle through the reacted zone and it was in line with the first order reaction.Mass transfer kinetics of peanut protein extracted by reverse micelles was established and it was verified by experimental results.The results provide an important theoretical guidance for industrial production of peanut protein separation and purification.

An improved reverse time migration for subsurface imaging over complex geological structures:A numerical study

In seismic exploration,it is a critical task to image and interpret different seismic signatures over complex geology due to strong lateral velocity contrast,steep reflectors,overburden strata and dipping flanks.To understand the behavior of these seismic signatures,nowadays Reverse Time Migration(RTM)technique is used extensively by the oil&gas industries.During the extrapolation phase of RTM,the source wavefield needs to be saved,which needs high storage memory and large computing time.These two are the main obstacles of RTM for production use.In order to overcome these disadvantages,in this study,a second-generation improved RTM technique is proposed.In this improved form,a shift operator is introduced at the time of imaging condition of RTM algorithm which is performed automatically both in space and time domain.This effort is made to produce a better-quality image by minimizing the computational time as well as numerical artefacts.The proposed method is applied over various benchmark models and validated by implementing over one field data set from the Jaisalmer Basin,India.From the analysis,it is observed that the method consumes a minimum of 45%less storage space and reduce the execution time by 20%,as compared to conventional RTM.The proposed RTM is found to work efficiently in comparison to the conventional RTM both in terms of imaging quality and minimization of numerical artefacts for all the benchmark models as well as field data.

Nonlinear dynamics of the reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode in burning plasmas

In a tokamak fusion reactor operated at steady state,the equilibrium magnetic field is likely to have reversed shear in the core region,as the noninductive bootstrap current profile generally peaks off-axis.The reversed shear Alfvén eigenmode(RSAE)as a unique branch of the shear Alfvén wave in this equilibrium,can exist with a broad spectrum in wavenumber and frequency,and be resonantly driven unstable by energetic particles(EP).After briefly discussing the RSAE linear properties in burning plasma condition,we review several key topics of the nonlinear dynamics for the RSAE through both wave-EP resonance and wave-wave coupling channels,and illustrate their potentially important role in reactor-scale fusion plasmas.By means of simplified hybrid MHD-kinetic simulations,the RSAEs are shown to have typically broad phase space resonance structure with both circulating and trapped EP,as results of weak/vanishing magnetic shear and relatively low frequency.Through the route of wave-EP nonlinearity,the dominant saturation mechanism is mainly due to the transported resonant EP radially decoupling with the localized RSAE mode structure,and the resultant EP transport generally has a convective feature.The saturated RSAEs also undergo various nonlinear couplings with other collective oscillations.Two typical routes as parametric decay and modulational instability are studied using nonlinear gyrokinetic theory,and applied to the scenario of spontaneous excitation by a finite amplitude pump RSAE.Multiple RSAEs could naturally couple and induce the spectral energy cascade into a low frequency Alfvénic mode,which may effectively transfer the EP energy to fuel ions via collisionless Landau damping.Moreover,zero frequency zonal field structure could be spontaneously excited by modulation of the pump RSAE envelope,and may also lead to saturation of the pump RSAE by both scattering into stable domain and local distortion of the continuum structure.

Translation Strategies of Red Tourism Terms in the Central Plains-Taking Red Central Plains as an Example

In recent years,the Red Tourism in Central Plains has gradually become a new type of thematic tourism form,which is an important carrier to carry out patriotism and revolutionary traditional education and carry forward the national spirit.The translation of red tourism publicity is an important window for spreading Chinese culture,and the translation of professional terms is an important link in the red tourism publicity.How to spread the red culture of the Central Plains,glow the charm of the Central Plains culture,enhance the influence of the Central Plains culture,and spread the Central Plains culture to the world has become the mission of every child of the Central Plains.This paper adopts the case analysis method,combined with the specific and typical cases in“Red Central Plains”,and uses different translation strategies and methods to explore the difficulties and solutions of the translation of terms in the red tourism text.

A Study of English Translation Strategies of Subtitles of the Domestic Animated Film Chang’an from the Perspective of Eco-translatology

This article conducts an analysis and exploration of the English subtitles translation of the domestic animated film Chang’an from the perspective of eco-translatology.Taking three-dimensional transformation as the entry point,it analyzes the adaptation and selection of subtitle translators in the translation process from the dimensions of language,culture,and communication in Chang’an,aiming to enrich the practical analysis of eco-translatology and provide valuable insights and references for the theoretical construction and practical application of eco-translatology.This article enriches the practical analysis of eco-translatology and also validates to a certain extent the applicability of“three-dimensional”transformation.

Translation Theory and Techniques in Optometry Literature: A Case Study of the “Optoform 80 Installation and Maintenance Manual”

Translation of specialized documents in optometry presents unique challenges,requiring a deep understanding of the professional context,terminology,and adherence to specific translation styles.This paper delves into the translation theory and techniques employed in the English-to-Chinese translation of the“Optoform 80 Installation and Maintenance Manual”,serving as a case study.Emphasizing Nida’s theory of functional equivalence,the paper explores the complexities of translating professional optometry literature,focusing on key points and common issues in translating installation and maintenance manuals for optometric devices.Special attention is given to the translation of professional terminology,employing methods such as addition,omission,conversion,and repetition.The translation process aims to meet specific requirements,ensuring accuracy and coherence while aligning with Chinese language conventions.The paper also analyzes translation methods and techniques concerning terminology,prepositions,conjunctions,and handling parallel elements based on practical insights from the Optoform 80 Manual.

A Comparative Study of Chinese Translations of Tagore’s Stray Birds From the Perspective of the“Three Beauties Theory”

For more than 60 years,Mr.Xu Yuanchong has been devoted to education.He has not only made remarkable achievements in translating from and into Chinese,English,French and other languages,but has also developed his own unique concept of translation.Since 1950,he has always adhered to the“Three Beauties Theory”,believing that translation should not only rely on the original text,but also realize the“beauty of meaning”,“beauty of sound”,and“beauty of form”.Based on Xu Yuanchong’s“Three Beauties Theory”,this paper takes Zheng Zhenduo’s and Feng Tang’s Chinese translations of Stray Birds as an example to explore in depth the specifics of poetry translation theory.The study summarizes the similarities and differences between these two translations in embodying the“three beauties”,providing insights into the Chinese translation techniques of philosophical prose poems.This endeavor seeks to offer valuable insights for the comparative study of Stray Birds translations。

The Inheritance and Application of Chinese Reverse Contrast Typeface Style

This paper discusses the inheritance and application of Chinese character reverse contrast typeface style.It begins by analyzing the visual features of Western reverse contrast typeface styles,with a focus on Caslon Italian and French Clarendon,providing a Western perspective reference for subsequent Chinese character reverse contrast typeface style designs.The paper then traces the origins of the Chinese reverse contrast style,from the calligraphy style"Lacquer Script"to the earliest printing type"フワンテール形",exploring the historical background and cultural significance of the Chinese reverse contrast style.In the methodology section of Chinese character reverse contrast typeface style design,the discussion is conducted from two dimensions:inheritance and application.In terms of inheritance,through an in-depth analysis of"Lacquer Script"and"フワンテール形"typeface style,the paper summarizes three basic theories for modern Chinese character reverse contrast typeface style design.In the application section,it examines in detail the two most influential recent typeface styles,"Ribaasu"and"Basic Artistic",outlining three directions of application:extreme horizontal stroke variations,exaggerated contrast,and diverse decorative strokes,showcasing new directions and possibilities for Chinese character reverse contrast typeface style design.This paper not only reviews the developmental history of the Chinese character reverse contrast typeface style but also analyzes the design methodology of Chinese character reverse contrast typeface style through specific case studies.