Literature Review on Network Design Problems in Closed Loop and Reverse Supply Chains

The productivity of an organization is very much affected by non-value adding activity like logistics, which moves the resources from suppliers to factory, raw materials/semi-finished items within the factory and finished goods from factory to customers via a designated distribution channel called as forward logistics. In some cases, parts of the products such as automobiles, computers, cameras, mobile phones, washing machines, refrigerators, garments, footwear and empty glass bottles of beverages, etc. will be brought back to the factories as a product recovery strategy through reverse logistics network which is integrated in a sustainable closed loop supply chain network. So, it is highly essential to optimize the movement of the items in the reverse logistics network. This paper gives a comprehensive review of literature of the design of networks for the reverse logistics as well as for the reverse logistics coupled with forward logistics. The contributions of the researchers are classified into nine categories based on the methods used to design the logistics network.

A Review on Strategic, Tactical and Operational Decision Planning in Reverse Logistics of Green Supply Chain Network Design

The environmental impact has been a critical issue in supply chain network research. Handling it efficiently will help the firm reduce pollution and save cost. In order to improve the environmental effect on this supply chain network, recovery activity becomes a significant part in the reverse logistics network, due to complexity and heterogeneity. In a reverse logistics network, there are many decision problems to be taken into consideration such as facility location, capacity allocation, production planning and vehicle routing. Each of these problems can be categorized into three types of decision planning: strategic, tactical or operational, based on the time planning horizon. In this paper, we review the literature of supply chain network in an effort to achieve green through implementing reverse logistic practices, and classify the defined problems by the group of decision planning. In general, most of the literatures are focused on the strategic and tactical decision planning, only a few are operational-based. The objective of this paper is to analyze the decision planning being done in this area of research and provide future insights on how to design the reverse logistics network with different decision planning which will reflect the real life scenario.

Remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain network design based on genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm

As the huge computation and easily trapped local optimum in remanufacturing closed-loop supply chain network (RCSCN) design considered, a genetic particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed. The total cost of closed-loop supply chain was selected as fitness function, and a unique and tidy coding mode was adopted in the proposed algorithm. Then, some mutation and crossover operators were introduced to achieve discrete optimization of RCSCN structure. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can gain global optimal solution with good convergent performance and rapidity. The computing speed is only 22.16 s, which is shorter than those of the other optimization algorithms.

EP-based Optimization of Strategic Safety Stocks in Reverse Logistics Systems

A new heuristic strategic safety stock optimization is proposed based on evolutionary programming(EP) algorithm for reverse logistics supply chain systems. The supply chain is described with a network and the modeling complexity of external as well as internal product returns and reuses of supply chains is considered with. It is assumed that customer demands for final products are uncertain. Products are randomly returned from external customers to stock points. The optimization model is established and three different cases with different structures are used to show the strength of the algorithm.

Designing a Reverse Logistics Network Model for Waste Batteries

The logistics industry plays an important role in circular economy.Therefore,not only economic benefits,but also environmental protection factors have to be considered in reverse logistics.This paper uses the multi-objective 0-1 mixed integer programming to establish a reverse logistics network optimization model for waste batteries.The objective function is to minimize both,logistics costs and carbon dioxide emissions.The model considers the basic settings of reverse logistics(including recycling nodes,manufacturing,and processing nodes)and the material flow between different settings.In solving the model,Lingo 14.0 is used in this paper.An actual case of a waste battery reverse logistics enterprise verifies the effectiveness of the model in this paper.The results show that the application of this model can effectively improve the operating efficiency of waste battery reverse logistics enterprises.

Managing economic and social profit of cooperative models in three-echelon reverse supply chain for waste electrical and electronic equipment

In addition to maximizing economic benefits, reverse supply chains should further seek to maximize social benefits by increasing the quantity of waste electrical and electronic equipment （WEEE）. The paper investigates cooperative models with different parties in a three-echelon reverse supply chain for WEEE consisting of a single collector, a single remanufacturer, and two retailers based on complete information. In acldition, the optimal decisions of four cooperative models and the effect of the market demand of remanufactured WEEE products and the market share of two retailers on the optimal decisions are discussed. The results indicate that optimal total channel profit and recycle quantity in a reverse supply chain are maximized in a centralized model. The optimal total channel profit and recycle quantity increase with an increase in the market demand of remanufactured WEEE products. The three-echelon reverse supply chain consisting of duopolistic retailers maximizes total channel profit and recycle quantity in a reverse supply chain fbr WEEE.

Warranty and Preventive Maintenance Analysis for Sustainable Reverse Supply Chains

In addition to being environmentally friendly,remanufactured products are popular with consumers because they offer the latest technology at a lower price,in comparison to brand new products.However,some consumers hesitate to buy remanufactured products because they are skeptical about their quality.Thus,they are unsure of the extent to which the product will render services when compared to a new product.A promotional marketing strategy employed by remanufacturers is to offer warranties for these products.To that end,this study scrutinizes the impact of offering non-renewing warranties on remanufactured products.Specifically,in this paper,a methodology is suggested,which simultaneously minimizes the cost incurred by the remanufacturers and maximizes consumer confidence toward buying remanufactured products.This study uses a discrete-event simulation to optimize the implementation of a two-dimensional non-renewing warranty policy for remanufactured products.The implementation is illustrated using a specific product recovery system called the Advanced Remanufacturing-To-Order system.The experiments in the study were designed using Taguchi’s Orthogonal Arrays to represent the entire domain of the recovery system to observe system behavior under various experimental conditions.

Study on Participant Behavior Game of Electronic Products Reverse Supply Chain Based on ECP

In this paper, a game model composed of three subjects — government, manufacturer and consumer has been built by using Evolutionary Game Theory on the basis of analyzing the trilateral game strategy of waste mobile reverse supply chain based on ECP; an evolutionary equilibrium model is to be sought for by utilizing the replication dynamic differential equation method; and the trilateral game strategy’s revolutionary trend and consistency have been analyzed by means of SD simulation method when government implements the static or dynamic reward and punishment strategy. The finding results reveal that, under the static reward and punishment strategy, the revolutionary process of trilateral game strategy is always unstable whether the initial behavior strategy is unitary or mixed.Therefore, it is more reasonable for the government to adopt the strategy of dynamic reward and punishment, and it is also stable and reciprocal for all the stakeholders when implementing this strategy.

DEA Analysis of Reverse Logistics of Supply Chain Integration Project Choice

Logistics has a good relationship with the economic utility of supply chain and the sustainable development of environment. It has been the considerable link of supply chain research. This paper analyzes and appraises the effectivity of different supply chain integration projects and whether considers reverse logistics or not, by establishing DEA model of supply chain integration project that is on the basis of order and synthetically considered forward and reverse logistics, provides the growth efficiency model of input and output with preference supply chain integration project for the deci.qion.rn^le,~r

资金约束下双渠道逆向供应链零售商的定价与融资决策

针对由制造商和资金约束零售商组成的双渠道逆向供应链,研究银行贷款和股权融资下零售商的定价与融资决策。首先,构建两种融资决策下的Stackelberg模型,求解并分析制造商和零售商的最优决策和利润;然后,分析不同情形下零售商的定价与融资决策。研究发现:银行贷款利率和持股比例分别对零售商回收价格具有非线性负向和正向的影响,对零售商回收数量的影响则相反。在两种融资情形下,零售商回收价格和融资决策应综合考虑银行贷款和持股比例。

碳中和视角下奖惩机制对逆向供应链碳减排与回收价格的影响

近年来,促进废弃电器电子产品回收行业健康发展,减少碳排放助力实现碳中和目标受到各界的重点关注。本文针对制造商、电商平台、第三方回收商等多个主体构成的逆向回收供应链,探讨碳限额政策与政府补贴奖惩机制并行下对逆向供应链废弃电器电子产品的回收量、回收价格、碳排放量、碳减排努力的影响,构建四种不同回收模式利润模型,得到不同回收模式下的最优回收价格和减排率,分析碳限额、消费者回收渠道偏好、拆解成本、碳交易价格、产品再制造比率对回收价格和碳排放量的影响。结果表明:消费者渠道偏好会影响回收价格和制造商碳减排率;针对污染型产品,政府应采取高的碳价格对制造商进行惩罚;此外政府政策是把双刃剑,政府补贴既可以提高企业碳减排率,同时也增加了逆向供应链总的碳排放量,且政府补贴对双渠道回收模式有更明显的减排作用。

数字经济背景下商贸流通企业的新零售转型路径研究

为了解决商贸流通企业在数字经济时代的发展困境并探析有效的新零售转型路径,从新零售的商业本质与技术特质入手,综合运用马克思主义政治经济学和西方经济学的相关理论进行逻辑分析,从数字经济对新零售的赋能和新零售对数字经济的反哺两个方面阐述了新零售与数字经济的耦合性关系,解析新零售转型的制约因素与困难,探索数字经济背景下商贸流通企业的新零售转型路径。研究发现,基于数字经济与新零售的高度耦合性,数字经济背景下的新零售商业借助数字技术介入商品内分工,通过根本改变供需对接模式而实现供需全链路的实时匹配,即能解决当前传统商贸流通企业的经营难题,又为提高商品流通效率、提振国民消费经济、建设现代流通系统提供了有力支撑。研究表明,身处数字经济时代的商贸流通企业应尽快转变旧有认知和商业逻辑,促成数字技术与商业信息的正循环,从以“货”为核心向以“人”为主轴转变;实际运营层面关注新零售的人才培育与梯队建设,革新组织架构,形成整套的数字化管理模式;同时注重自我职能开发与角色转变,在国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局中发挥更大的经济与社会价值,在更高层次实现新零售的全面转型升级。

基于闭环供应链管理下的逆向物流回收网络优化研究

随着环境保护意识、资源回收可持续发展的思想不断深入人心,越来越多的企业开始重视资源的回收利用。一些企业出于自身品牌形象、市场竞争力、经济利益及政策法规等多方面的考虑,逐步开始构建废弃物品的回收网络。文章通过研究闭环供应链下逆向物流回收网络,对供应链的各个节点进行分析,尝试着构建一个逆向物流回收网络体系。通过这样一个体系,来保证产品能通过逆向物流网络再次回到物流网络中,从而实现环境保护及资源的循环利用。

销售端回收的包装尺寸与产品线决策研究

本文通过构建逆向供应链中制造商主导零售商跟随的Stackelberg博弈模型,研究了零售商回收包装废弃物模式下,制造商如何决定产品包装尺寸和产品线选择的问题。首先,制造商做出产品包装尺寸、批发价格以及产品线的决策;其次,零售商从制造商购买产品后决定产品的零售价格和产品包装的回收率;最后,零售商回收的产品包装废弃物回到制造商。研究结果表明:当包装回收难度系数较低时,制造商应同时提供大小包装的产品;当包装回收难度系数不低时,仅提供小包装的产品是最优决策。当包装回收难度系数处于中间水平时,制造商会选择推出小包装的产品,小包装产品的回收率反而小于大包装产品的回收率,同时提供大小两种包装的产品时的回收率最低。有意思的是,单位回收价格的增加会导致零售商和制造商利润都增加,补贴价格的增加则导致两者的利润降低。

全渠道供应链网络节点约束存储转发调度方法

在全渠道供应链网络中,资源请求被阻塞,出现资源调度拥挤现象,导致调度时间变长,影响整体调度效率。因此,提出了全渠道供应链网络节点约束存储转发调度方法。根据搭建网络节点约束存储转发调度框架,计算资源请求阻塞概率,利用时移多层图法实现空间和时间资源请求指令的双向传送,避免出现请求阻塞问题。构建调度决策目标函数,调整网络节点约束存储转发顺序,确定供应链网络节点约束下存储转发成功率,实现节点约束存储转发调度。实验结果可知,该方法调度时长最短为30 s,且调度路径与预先设定路径吻合,具有高效调度效果。

Pricing and production strategies in remanufacturing from the perspectives of supply chain: Review and future directions

Remanufacturing is widely recognized as beneficial to the environment and a circular economy. However, remanufacturing is more complex than traditional manufacturing due to the effects of government policy, uncertainty of consumer preferences, competition and cooperation among firms, and so on. These factors motivate academics to optimize remanufacturing outcomes, especially for product pricing and production. This study reviews the published literature on pricing and production strategies in remanufacturing from four perspectives of supply chain, namely, government policy, consumer characteristics, relationships among firms, and supply chain structures. Review results can benefit scholars/practitioners in the future by highlighting the challenges and opportunities in remanufacturing strategies.

基于循环经济的逆向供应链风险预警指标体系构建

在经济迅速发展的社会背景下,越来越多的企业开始依托供应链的发展来适应愈来愈烈的市场竞争。对于环境保护而言,资源过度开发、废弃物不断增加都为生态环境保护带来了巨大的压力,逆向供应链发展应运而生,能够起到节约资源、创造价值的关键作用。供应链具有成员多、环节多、跨地区、初期发展等特点,加剧了其运作的复杂性,带来了一定风险。文章立足逆向供应链,对其进行风险来源分析,包括供应链的外部环境风险、内部管理风险、信息风险和财务风险,并对每一种风险来源进行预警指标的细化,最终形成合理的预警指标体系,为逆向供应链的良好发展奠定了理论基础,为相关企业建立风险预警体系提供了理论支持。

供应链、逆向供应链管理与企业集成

讨论了逆向供应链管理及其与供应链管理的集成对企业生产经营模式的影响,以及供应链与逆向供应链集成管理策略性原则及运作模式。在基于供应链管理的企业集成的基础上,提出了基于供应链与逆向供应链管理的企业集成,并论述了其内涵,从更宽广的空间探讨了企业集成问题。

闭环供应链管理问题的研究进展

在分析驱动逆向物流和闭环供应链产生的原因基础之上,就闭环供应链管理中的逆向物流回收与重新利用、闭环供应链结构设计、闭环供应链运作、契约协调和闭环供应链不确定性等问题的研究现状进行了综述,探讨了闭环供应链管理研究的若干前瞻性问题。

供应链、逆向供应链系统的定价策略模型

本文对基于单一制造商和单一零售商构成的供应链、逆向供应链系统进行了研究,应用博弈理论对供应链、逆向供应链系统的定价策略进行了分析,分别得出非合作博弈的均衡解和合作博弈的均衡解,进一步对各种定价策略的效率进行了分析。另外,给出了便于实际操作的协调方法。