Reversion of Bioluminescent Bacteria (Mutatox^(TM)) toTheir Luminescent State upon Exposure to OrganicCompounds, Munitions, and Metal Salts

Mutatox is a new genotoxicity bioassay which uses as the endpoint the bioluminescence produced on reversion of a dark strain of the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri ±S9.Reversion can occur by several mechanisms, including base substitution, frame-shift, SOS induction, and DNA intercalation. For screening, Mutatox provides many advantages over the Salmonella trphimurium (Ames) assay: it requires minimal sterility, employs a shorter incubation period, and does not require culture maintenance. Eighteen organic chemicals (phenol, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, nitrotoluenes, others), Na3PO4, and 4 genotoxic metals (Cu2+, Ni2+, As3+, Cd2+) were tested. Most of the organic compounds positive in S. typhimurium assays were positive in Mutatox. None of the metals was genotoxic in V. fischeri, possibly due to poor uptake from the saline medium

Efficient Strip-Mode SAR Raw-Data Simulator of Extended Scenes Included Moving Targets Based on Reversion of Series

The Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)raw data generator is required to the evaluation of focusing algorithms,moving target analysis,and hardware design.The time-domain SAR simulator can generate the accurate raw data but it needs much time.The frequency-domain simulator not only increases the efficiency but also considers the trajectory deviations of the radar.In addition,the raw signal of the extended scene included static and moving targets can be generated by some frequency-domain simulators.However,the existing simulators concentrate on the raw signal simulation of the static extended scene and moving targets at uniform speed mostly.As for the issue,the two-dimensional signal spectrum of moving targets with constant acceleration can be derived accurately based on the geometric model of a side-looking SAR and reversion of series.And a frequency-domain algorithm for SAR echo signal simulation is presented based on the two-dimensional signal spectrum.The raw data generated with proposed method is verified by several simulation experiments.In addition to reveal the efficiency of the presented frequency-domain SAR scene simulator,the computational complexity of the proposed method is compared with the time-domain approach using the complex multiplication.Numerical results demonstrate that the present method can reduce the computational time significantly without accuracy loss while simulating SAR raw data.

The satellite reversion of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) based on the analysis of the mixing behavior of DOC and colored dissolved organic matter: the East China Sea as an example

The retrieval of dissolved organic carbon （DOC） distribution by remote sensing is mainly based on the em- pirical relationship of DOC concentration and colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM） concentration in many literatures. To investigate the nature of this relationship, the distributions and mixing behaviors of DOC and CDOM are reviewed in the world＇s major estuaries and bays. It is found that, generally, the C- DOM concentration is well correlated with the salinity in most estuaries, while DOC usually shows a non- conservative behavior which leads to a weak correlation between the DOC concentration and the CDOM concentration. To establish a good satellite reversion of the DOC concentration, the East China Sea（ECS） was taken as an example, and the mixing behavior of DOC and CDOM as well as the influence of biogeo- chemical processes were analyzed except for the physical mixing process with the data from late autumn （November, 2010） and winter （December, 2009） cruises. In the two ECS cruises, the CDOM concentration was found to be tightly correlated with the salinity, influenced little by the photochemical or biological pro- cesses. The data from the winter cruise show that DOC followed a conservative mixing along the salinity gradient, while in the late autumn cruise it was significantly affected by the biological activities, resulting in a poor correlation between the DOC and the CDOM. Accordingly, an improved DOC algorithm （CSDM） was proposed： when the biological influence was significant （Chl a greater than 0.8 μg/dm3）, DOC was retrieved by the conservative and biological model, and if the conservative mixing was dominant （Chl a less than 0.8 μg/dm3）, the direct DOC concentration and CDOM concentration relationship was used. Based on the pro- posed algorithm, a reasonable DOC distribution for the ECS from satellite was obtained in this study, and the proposed method can be applied to the other large river-dominant marginal sea.

Reversion of weak-measured quantum entanglement state

We theoretically study the reversible process of quantum entanglement state by means of weak measurement and corresponding reversible operation.We present a protocol of the reversion operation in two bodies based on the theory of reversion of single photon and then expend it in quantum communication channels.The theoretical results demonstrate that the protocol does not break the information transmission after a weak measurement and a reversible measurement with the subsequent process in the transmission path.It can reverse the perturbed entanglement intensity evolution to its original state.Under the condition of different weak measurement intensity the protocol can reverse the perturbed quantum entanglement system perfectly.In the process we can get the classical information described by information gain from the quantum system through weak measurement operation.On the other hand,in order to realize complete reversibility,the classical information of the quantum entanglement system must obey a limited range we present in this paper in the reverse process.

REVERSION OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE IN THE P-GLYCOPROTEIN POSITIVE BREAST CANCER CELL LINE(MCF-7/ADR) BY INTRODUCTION OF HAMMERHEAD RIBOZYME

A hammerhead ribozyme which site-specifically cleaved the GUC position in canon 880 of the mdr1 mRNA was designed. The target site was chosen between the two ATP binding sites, which may be important for the function of the P-Gp as an ATP-dependent pump. A DNA sequence encoding the ribozyme gene was then incorporated into a eukaryotic expression vector (pH Apr-1 neo) and transfected into the breast cancer cell line MCF-7/Adr, which is resistant to adriamycin and expresses the MDR phenotype. The ribozyme was stably expressed in the cell line by the RNA dot blotting assay. The result of Northern blot assay showed that the expressed ribozyme could decrease the level of mdrl mRNA expression by 83. 5 %; and the expressed ribozyme could inhibite the formation of p-glycoprotein detected by immuno- cy-tochemistry assay and could reduce the cell’s resistance to adrimycin; this means that the resistant cells were 1 000-fold more resistant than the parental cell line(MCF-7), whereas those cell clones that showed ribozyme expression were only 6-fold more resistant than the parental cell line. These results show that a potentially useful tool is at hand which may inactivate MDR1 mRNA and revert the multidrug resistance phenotype.

Reversion of Incommensurate Modulation in Cubic Lazurite: Example of Reversible Forced Equilibrium?

The sample of cubic lazurite, collected in the Baikal region, with incommensurately 3D modulated (ITM) structure has been studied by the method of high-temperature X-ray powder diffraction. At short time of annealing in high-temperature diffraction experiment the modulation recovery proceeds during cooling down the sample to room temperature. The identity of the period of both initial and recovered modulation demonstrates that the system has a structural memory. The acquired results are interpreted through comparison of thermal behavior of lazurite, sodalite and quartz structures. It is supposed that two kinetically different and thermally activated processes proceed under heating: 1) reversible framework expansion due to Si-O-Al angle increase, and 2) equalizing of periodic local distortions via the diffusion-controlled transfer of cage ions between adjacent subcells. The second process seems to be much slower than the first one, especially at lower temperatures. With increasing temperature, both processes are activated. However, the framework expands more rapidly than the cage clusters migrate, and the periodic distortions of the framework are aligned. Under lower temperatures, the framework shrinks and again accommodates to the configuration of cage cations (clusters), which may be changed at high temperature and sufficient time or may not at lower temperature, short time, unfavorable SO2 fugacity values. In the first case the modulation disappears entirely, while in the second case it arises again. The probable reason for ITM formation is the balance of counteracting energetic terms: the elastic strain energy of structure deformation and the energy of cluster ordering providing the state of forced equilibrium. The excess free energy due to structure distortion is compensated by the increment associated with the cluster ordering process. However, no significant variations in sulphur anion speciation for different degrees of modulation retention were observed by XPS S 2p. This may be due to the ordering of Na- and Ca-containing clusters rather than the clusters with different sulphur species. ITM reversion is considered as an example of reversible forced equilibrium with completely reproducible forcing factor.

A Review of Rechargeable Zinc-Air Batteries:Recent Progress and Future Perspectives

Zinc-air batteries(ZABs)are gaining attention as an ideal option for various applications requiring high-capacity batteries,such as portable electronics,electric vehicles,and renewable energy storage.ZABs offer advantages such as low environmental impact,enhanced safety compared to Li-ion batteries,and cost-effectiveness due to the abundance of zinc.However,early research faced challenges due to parasitic reactions at the zinc anode and slow oxygen redox kinetics.Recent advancements in restructuring the anode,utilizing alternative electrolytes,and developing bifunctional oxygen catalysts have significantly improved ZABs.Scientists have achieved battery reversibility over thousands of cycles,introduced new electrolytes,and achieved energy efficiency records surpassing 70%.Despite these achievements,there are challenges related to lower power density,shorter lifespan,and air electrode corrosion leading to performance degradation.This review paper discusses different battery configurations,and reaction mechanisms for electrically and mechanically rechargeable ZABs,and proposes remedies to enhance overall battery performance.The paper also explores recent advancements,applications,and the future prospects of electrically/mechanically rechargeable ZABs.

Effect of electron-electron interaction on polarization process of exciton and biexciton in conjugated polymer

By using one-dimensional tight-binding model modified to include electron-electric field interaction and electron-electron interaction,we theoretically explore the polarization process of exciton and biexciton in cis-polyacetylene.The dynamical simulation is performed by adopting the non-adiabatic evolution approach.The results show that under the effect of moderate electric field,when the strength of electron-electron interaction is weak,the singlet exciton is stable but its polarization presents obvious oscillation.With the enhancement of interaction,it is dissociated into polaron pairs,the spin-flip of which can be observed through modulating the interaction strength.For the triplet exciton,the strong electron-electron interaction restrains its normal polarization,but it is still stable.In the case of biexciton,the strong electron-electron interaction not only dissociate it,but also flip its charge distribution.The yield of the possible states formed after the dissociation of exciton and biexciton is also calculated.

Linear dichroism transition and polarization-sensitive photodetector of quasi-one-dimensional palladium bromide

Perpendicular optical reversal of the linear dichroism transition has promising applications in polarization-sensitive optoelectronic devices. We perform a systematical study on the in-plane optical anisotropy of quasi-one-dimensional PdBr_(2) by using combined measurements of the angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy(ARPRS) and anisotropic optical absorption spectrum. The analyses of ARPRS data validate the anisotropic Raman properties of the PdBr_(2) flake.And anisotropic optical absorption spectrum of PdBr_(2) nanoflake demonstrates distinct optical linear dichroism reversal. Photodetector constructed by PdBr_(2) nanowire exhibits high responsivity of 747 A·W^(-1) and specific detectivity of 5.8×10^(12) Jones. And the photodetector demonstrates prominent polarization-sensitive photoresponsivity under 405-nm light irradiation with large photocurrent anisotropy ratio of 1.56, which is superior to those of most of previously reported quasi-one-dimensional counterparts. Our study offers fundamental insights into the strong optical anisotropy exhibited by PdBr_(2), establishing it as a promising candidate for miniaturization and integration trends of polarization-related applications.

The Immense Impact of Reverse Edges on Large Hierarchical Networks

Hierarchical networks are frequently encountered in animal groups,gene networks,and artificial engineering systems such as multiple robots,unmanned vehicle systems,smart grids,wind farm networks,and so forth.The structure of a large directed hierarchical network is often strongly influenced by reverse edges from lower-to higher-level nodes,such as lagging birds’howl in a flock or the opinions of lowerlevel individuals feeding back to higher-level ones in a social group.This study reveals that,for most large-scale real hierarchical networks,the majority of the reverse edges do not affect the synchronization process of the entire network;the synchronization process is influenced only by a small part of these reverse edges along specific paths.More surprisingly,a single effective reverse edge can slow down the synchronization of a huge hierarchical network by over 60%.The effect of such edges depends not on the network size but only on the average in-degree of the involved subnetwork.The overwhelming majority of active reverse edges turn out to have some kind of“bunching”effect on the information flows of hierarchical networks,which slows down synchronization processes.This finding refines the current understanding of the role of reverse edges in many natural,social,and engineering hierarchical networks,which might be beneficial for precisely tuning the synchronization rhythms of these networks.Our study also proposes an effective way to attack a hierarchical network by adding a malicious reverse edge to it and provides some guidance for protecting a network by screening out the specific small proportion of vulnerable nodes.

Rational Design of Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Ferrites as Air Electrode for Highly Active and Durable Reversible Protonic Ceramic Cells

Reversible protonic ceramic cells(RePCCs)hold promise for efficient energy storage,but their practicality is hindered by a lack of high-performance air electrode materials.Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite Sr_(3)Fe_(2)O_(7−δ)(SF)exhibits superior proton uptake and rapid ionic conduction,boosting activity.However,excessive proton uptake during RePCC operation degrades SF’s crystal structure,impacting durability.This study introduces a novel A/B-sites co-substitution strategy for modifying air electrodes,incorporating Sr-deficiency and Nb-substitution to create Sr_(2.8)Fe_(1.8)Nb_(0.2)O_(7−δ)(D-SFN).Nb stabilizes SF’s crystal,curbing excessive phase formation,and Sr-deficiency boosts oxygen vacancy concentration,optimizing oxygen transport.The D-SFN electrode demonstrates outstanding activity and durability,achieving a peak power density of 596 mW cm^(−2)in fuel cell mode and a current density of−1.19 A cm^(−2)in electrolysis mode at 1.3 V,650℃,with excellent cycling durability.This approach holds the potential for advancing robust and efficient air electrodes in RePCCs for renewable energy storage.

A Reverse Path Planning Approach for Enhanced Performance of Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Industrial Manipulators

In the domain of autonomous industrial manipulators,precise positioning and appropriate posture selection in path planning are pivotal for tasks involving obstacle avoidance,such as handling,heat sealing,and stacking.While Multi-Degree-of-Freedom(MDOF)manipulators offer kinematic redundancy,aiding in the derivation of optimal inverse kinematic solutions to meet position and posture requisites,their path planning entails intricate multiobjective optimization,encompassing path,posture,and joint motion optimization.Achieving satisfactory results in practical scenarios remains challenging.In response,this study introduces a novel Reverse Path Planning(RPP)methodology tailored for industrial manipulators.The approach commences by conceptualizing the manipulator’s end-effector as an agent within a reinforcement learning(RL)framework,wherein the state space,action set,and reward function are precisely defined to expedite the search for an initial collision-free path.To enhance convergence speed,the Q-learning algorithm in RL is augmented with Dyna-Q.Additionally,we formulate the cylindrical bounding box of the manipulator based on its Denavit-Hartenberg(DH)parameters and propose a swift collision detection technique.Furthermore,the motion performance of the end-effector is refined through a bidirectional search,and joint weighting coefficients are introduced to mitigate motion in high-power joints.The efficacy of the proposed RPP methodology is rigorously examined through extensive simulations conducted on a six-degree-of-freedom(6-DOF)manipulator encountering two distinct obstacle configurations and target positions.Experimental results substantiate that the RPP method adeptly orchestrates the computation of the shortest collision-free path while adhering to specific posture constraints at the target point.Moreover,itminimizes both posture angle deviations and joint motion,showcasing its prowess in enhancing the operational performance of MDOF industrial manipulators.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of a cast TRIP-assisted multiphase stainless steel

Stainless steels are used in a wide range of complex environments due to their excellent corrosion resistance.Multiphase stainless steels can offer an excellent combination of strength,toughness and corrosion resistance due to the coexistence of different microstructures.The microstructure and mechanical properties of a novel cast multiphase stainless steel,composed of martensite,ferrite,and austenite,were investigated following appropriate heat treatment processes:solution treatment at 1,050℃ for 0.5 h followed by water quenching to room temperature,and aging treatment at 500℃ for 4 h followed by water quenching to room temperature.Results show reversed austenite is formed by diffusion of Ni element during aging process,and the enrichment of Ni atoms directly determines the mechanical stability of austenite.The austenite with a lower Ni content undergoes a martensitic transformation during plastic deformation.The tensile strength of the specimen exceeds 1,100 MPa and the elongation exceeds 24%after solid solution,and further increases to 1,247 MPa and 25%after aging treatment.This enhancement is due to the TRIP effect of austenite and the precipitation of the nanoscale G-phase pinning dislocations in ferrite and martensite.

Thickening progression mechanism of silica fume-oil well cement composite system at high temperatures

This work studied the thickening progression mechanism of the silica fume-oil well cement composite system at high temperatures(110-180.C)in order to provide a theoretical guidance for the rational application of silica fume in the cementing engineering.Results showed that silica fume seldom affected the thickening progression of oil well cement slurry at 110-120.C,but when temperature reached above130.C,it would aggravate the bulging degree of thickening curves and significantly extend the thickening time,meanwhile causing the abnormal“temperature-based thickening time reversal”and“dosage-based thickening time reversal”phenomena in the range of 130-160.C and 170-180.C respectively.At 130-160.C,the thickening time of oil well cement slurry was mainly associated with the generation rate of calcium hydroxide(CH)crystal.The introduced silica fume would be attracted to the cement minerals'surface that were hydrating to produce CH and agglomerate together to form an“adsorptive barrier”to hinder further hydration of the inner cement minerals.This“adsorptive barrier”effect strengthened with the rising temperature which extended the thickening time and caused the occurrence of the“temperature-based thickening time reversal”phenomenon.At 170-180.C,the pozzolanic activity of silica fume significantly enhanced and considerable amount of C-S-H was generated,thus the“temperature-based thickening time reversal”vanished and the“dosage-based thickening time reversal”was presented.

Formation of mesophase microbeads from bulk mesophase pitch induced by fullerene

A transformation of naphthalene-based coalescenced mesophase pitch(NMP)to mesophase microbeads was achieved by heating a mixture of NMP and fullerene(C_(60)).This is different from the conventional process of the liquid-phase carbonization of isotropic pitch to the emergence of carbon microbeads in the matrix and finally their growth to form a 100%anisotropic bulk meso-phase,but rather a reverse transformation.The effects of C_(60) loading and reaction temperature on the morphological transformation of mesophase were investigated by polarizing optical and scanning electron microscopies.The physical changes in the NMP induced by C_(60) were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffractometry and Raman spectroscopy.The results show that the coalesced NMP can be converted to a spherical type at 300-320℃ with the addition of 5%C_(60),and the size of the mesophase microbeads increases with increasing temperature.Furthermore,a model is established to ex-plain the unique induction effect of C_(60) in the transformation process.This work makes the morphological transformation of MP con-trollable,and provides a new idea for the understanding and research of mesophase pitch.

Coercivity mechanism of La-Nd-Fe-B films with Y spacer layer

The effect of the Y spacer layer on the phase composition,coercivity,and magnetization reversal processes of La-Nd-Fe-B films has been investigated.The addition of a 10 nm Y spacer layer increases the coercivity of the film to 1.36 T at 300 K and remains 0.938 T at 380 K.As the thickness of the Y spacer layer increases,Y participates in the formation of the main phase in the film,and further regulates the formation of La-B phases.The results of the first-order reversal curve(FORC)and micromagnetic fitting show that the coercivity of all the films is dominated by nucleation mechanism.The c-axis preferred orientation,good magnetic microstructure parameters and the largest dipole interaction enhance the coercivity.Therefore,the introduction of the Y spacer layer can be an effective way to improve the coercivity of La-Nd-Fe-B film over a wide temperature range of 150 K-380 K.

Strategic Contracting for Software Upgrade Outsourcing in Industry 4.0

The advent of Industry 4.0 has compelled businesses to adopt digital approaches that combine software toenhance production efficiency. In this rapidly evolving market, software development is an ongoing process thatmust be tailored to meet the dynamic needs of enterprises. However, internal research and development can beprohibitively expensive, driving many enterprises to outsource software development and upgrades to externalservice providers. This paper presents a software upgrade outsourcing model for enterprises and service providersthat accounts for the impact of market fluctuations on software adaptability. To mitigate the risk of adverseselection due to asymmetric information about the service provider’s cost and asymmetric information aboutthe enterprise’s revenues, we propose pay-per-time and revenue-sharing contracts in two distinct informationasymmetry scenarios. These two contracts specify the time and transfer payments for software upgrades. Througha comparative analysis of the optimal solutions under the two contracts and centralized decision-making withfull-information, we examine the characteristics of the solutions under two information asymmetry scenarios andanalyze the incentive effects of the two contracts on the various stakeholders. Overall, our study offers valuableinsights for firms seeking to optimize their outsourcing strategies and maximize their returns on investment insoftware upgrades.

Improvement effect of reversible solid solutions Mg_(2)Ni(Cu)/Mg_(2)Ni(Cu)H_(4)on hydrogen storage performance of MgH_(2)

The hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetic properties of MgH_(2)can be effectively enhanced by doping specific catalysts.In this work,MOFs-derived NiCu@C nanoparticles(~15 nm)with regular core-shell structure were successfully prepared and introduced into MgH_(2)(denoted as MgH_(2)-NiCu@C).The onset and peak temperatures of hydrogen desorption of MgH_(2)-11 wt.%NiCu@C are 175.0℃and282.2℃,respectively.The apparent activation energy of dehydrogenated reaction is 77.2±4.5 kJ/mol for MgH_(2)-11 wt.%NiCu@C,which is lower than half of that of the as-milled MgH_(2).Moreover,MgH_(2)-11 wt.%NiCu@C displays great cyclic stability.The strengthening"hydrogen pumping"effect of reversible solid solutions Mg_(2)Ni(Cu)/Mg_(2)Ni(Cu)H_(4)is proposed to explain the remarkable improvement in hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetic properties of MgH_(2).This work offers a novel perspective for the design of bimetallic nanoparticles and beyond for application in hydrogen storage and other energy related fields.

A numerical survey of parameters to reach ignition condition for axial compression of a large-sized field reversed configuration

Field reversed configuration(FRC)is widely considered as an ideal target plasma for magnetoinertial fusion.However,its confinement and stability,both proportional to the radius,will deteriorate inevitably during radial compression.Hence,we propose a new fusion approach based on axial compression of a large-sized FRC.The axial compression can be made by plasma jets or plasmoids converging onto the axial ends of the FRC.The parameter space that can reach the ignition condition while preserving the FRC's overall quality is studied using a numerical model based on different FRC confinement scalings.It is found that ignition is possible for a large FRC that can be achieved with the current FRC formation techniques if compression ratio is greater than 50.A more realistic compression is to combine axial with moderate radial compression,which is also presented and calculated in this work.

THE WEIGHTED KATO SQUARE ROOT PROBLEMOF ELLIPTIC OPERATORS HAVING A BMOANTI-SYMMETRICPART

Let n≥2 and let L be a second-order elliptic operator of divergence form with coefficients consisting of both an elliptic symmetric part and a BMO anti-symmetric part in ℝ^(n).In this article,we consider the weighted Kato square root problem for L.More precisely,we prove that the square root L^(1/2)satisfies the weighted L^(p)estimates||L^(1/2)(f)||L_(ω)^p(R^(n))≤C||■f||L_(ω)^p(R^(n);R^(n))for any p∈(1,∞)andω∈Ap(ℝ^(n))(the class of Muckenhoupt weights),and that||■f||L_(ω)^p(R^(n);R^(n))≤C||L^(1/2)(f)||L_(ω)^p(R^(n))for any p∈(1,2+ε)andω∈Ap(ℝ^(n))∩RH_(2+ε/p),(R^(n))(the class of reverse Hölder weights),whereε∈(0,∞)is a constant depending only on n and the operator L,and where(2+ε/p)'denotes the Hölder conjugate exponent of 2+ε/p.Moreover,for any given q∈(2,∞),we give a sufficient condition to obtain that||■f||L_(ω)^p(R^(n);R^(n))≤C||L^(1/2)(f)||L_(ω)^p(R^(n))for any p∈(1,q)andω∈A_(p)(R^(n))∩pRH_(q/p),(R^(n)).As an application,we prove that when the coefficient matrix A that appears in L satisfies the small BMO condition,the Riesz transform∇L^(−1/2)is bounded on L_(ω)^(p)(ℝ^(n))for any given p∈(1,∞)andω∈Ap(ℝ^(n)).Furthermore,applications to the weighted L^(2)-regularity problem with the Dirichlet or the Neumann boundary condition are also given.