A Review of the Past Century in the Context of the Past Millennium: Science & Society in China and the West

In order to understand the significance and future of science, we must make clear the interaction between science and society. Although a consensus on this has reached among scholars and even the public, an explicit analytical framework for related studies on science and society is so far unavailable.In light of the outlook of cultural evolutionism, this article puts forward an analytic framework, on which an analysis on the Chinese science in the 20th century is made based on the discussion of science in China and the West. The principal conclusion obtained from the discussion is: Without a system of modern democracy, it is impossible to make science prosper and without a modern market system, technological progress is out of the question. Similarly, without contributions to the world's science and technology, the Chinese nation will not be able to get an equal foothold among the other nations in today's world.

Evolution of human kidney allograft pathology diagnostics through 30 years of the Banff classification process

The second half of the previous century witnessed a tremendous rise in the number of clinical kidney transplants worldwide.This activity was,however,accompanied by many issues and challenges.An accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of causes of graft dysfunction were and still are,a big challenge.Kidney allograft biopsy played a vital role in addressing the above challenge.However,its interpretation was not standardized for many years until,in 1991,the Banff process was started to fill this void.Thereafter,regular Banff meetings took place every 2 years for the past 30 years.Marked changes have taken place in the interpretation of kidney allograft biopsies,diagnosis,and classification of rejection and other non-rejection pathologies from the original Banff 93 classification.This review attempts to summarize those changes for increasing the awareness and understanding of kidney allograft pathology through the eyes of the Banff process.It will interest the transplant surgeons,physicians,pathologists,and allied professionals associated with the care of kidney transplant patients.

Applications of advanced signal processing and machine learning in the neonatal hypoxic-ischemic electroencephalography

Perinatal hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy significantly contributes to neonatal death and life-long disability such as cerebral palsy. Advances in signal processing and machine learning have provided the research community with an opportunity to develop automated real-time identification techniques to detect the signs of hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy in larger electroencephalography/amplitude-integrated electroencephalography data sets more easily. This review details the recent achievements, performed by a number of prominent research groups across the world, in the automatic identification and classification of hypoxic-ischemic epileptiform neonatal seizures using advanced signal processing and machine learning techniques. This review also addresses the clinical challenges that current automated techniques face in order to be fully utilized by clinicians, and highlights the importance of upgrading the current clinical bedside sampling frequencies to higher sampling rates in order to provide better hypoxic-ischemic biomarker detection frameworks. Additionally, the article highlights that current clinical automated epileptiform detection strategies for human neonates have been only concerned with seizure detection after the therapeutic latent phase of injury. Whereas recent animal studies have demonstrated that the latent phase of opportunity is critically important for early diagnosis of hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy electroencephalography biomarkers and although difficult, detection strategies could utilize biomarkers in the latent phase to also predict the onset of future seizures.

The State-of-the-Art Review on Applications of Intrusive Sensing,Image Processing Techniques,and Machine Learning Methods in Pavement Monitoring and Analysis

In modern transportation,pavement is one of the most important civil infrastructures for the movement of vehicles and pedestrians.Pavement service quality and service life are of great importance for civil engineers as they directly affect the regular service for the users.Therefore,monitoring the health status of pavement before irreversible damage occurs is essential for timely maintenance,which in turn ensures public transportation safety.Many pavement damages can be detected and analyzed by monitoring the structure dynamic responses and evaluating road surface conditions.Advanced technologies can be employed for the collection and analysis of such data,including various intrusive sensing techniques,image processing techniques,and machine learning methods.This review summarizes the state-ofthe-art of these three technologies in pavement engineering in recent years and suggests possible developments for future pavement monitoring and analysis based on these approaches.

LAND RECLAMATION PROCESS IN NORTHEAST CHINA SINCE 1900

Northeast China is an important agricultural region in China. The NortheastPlain is the largest plain in the country and one of the three famous black soil zones in the world.Despite of fertility of the soil, however, large-scale agricultural development mainly took placesince 1900. The land exploitation and utilization has been fast and intensive in this region sincethen and change in the land-cover process has been remarkable. Both national and internationalresearchers on land use and land cover are paying more attention to these processes in this regionand their implication for local ecological environment. This article discusses the land reclamationprocesses and their main driving forces in Northeast China since 1900. According to the research,the 20th century was the most important period for land reclamation in Northeast China. In theseyears the rate, intensity and quantity of land reclamation have been staggering, and more than 100000km^2 of land was converted into farmland. This magnitude of land reclamation inland is unique inthe world. Research on the land reclamation of Northeast China can provide some data on the effectof human activity on environment. As in many other places in the world, the primary driving force ofreclamation in Northeast China was the increasing pressure of population. In the 20th century thepopulation increased from 10 x 10~6 to 110 x 10~6 in Northeast China and from 400 x 10~6 to 1. 3 x10^9 in China. Population pressure is thus the most important driving force for land reclamation.

Briefing of the Research on the Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons in Soviet Russia in the 20th Century

The study of Dragon-Carving and the Literary Mind in Russia began around 1918.The Chapter“Tracing the origin of the Dao”translated by B.M.Alexeyev,the founder of modern Russian Sinology,is the earliest Russian translation of this book.He proposed a lot of problems inspiring future generations to think about,standardizing the direction for the future researchers of“Dragon Study”in Soviet Russia.L.D.Bozdneeva’s textbook Medieval Eastern Literature(1970),K.I.Grekina’s Monograph Chinese Literary Theory in the Early19-20th century(1971),V.A.K'ri'vzo'v’s paper Discussion on Liu Xie’s Aesthetic Views(1978),I.S.Lisevich’s Monograph Ideology of Chinese Literature at the Turn of the Ancient and the Middle Ages(1979),and Li Fuqing’s paper published after the dissolution of the Soviet Union,Genre of Chinese Medieval Literature(1994),have made a useful discussion of the concept and terminology,literary theory and aesthetic ideology of the Dragon-Carving and the Literary Mind.In the monograph Tai Chi:the Global Model in Chinese Literature and Culture in the 1-13th Century,published by K.I.Gorekina in 1995,Dragon-Carving and Literary Mind was interpreted by universe ontology,which reflects the rising of new academic trend in the research of“Dragon Study”in Russia.In recent years,young talents begin to join in Russian Dragon-Carving and Literary Mind research,and doctoral thesis focused on it have been published,showing a good situation that this research has qualified successors.

Research on the Major Factors that Influence the Consumer Psychology in the Marketing Process

In this paper, we conduct research on major factors that influence the consumer psychology in marketing process. In marketing system, customer relationship management mainly summarized as： the purpose of the enterprise with the high quality products, fast and perfect service to attract new customers, maintain the good relationship between good and old customers. Many enterprises in the market in China in the process of economic transition has begun to attach importance to marketing strategic planning, but truly strategic decision making and planning is one of the few. Most enterprise pays attention to raise the level of the sales growth and profits in the eye of little concern for the future market of possession and the actual position in the market. Under this background, we propose the consumer psychology related research in this paper for enhancement.

Aspect Level Songs Rating Based Upon Reviews in English

With the advancements in internet facilities,people are more inclined towards the use of online services.The service providers shelve their items for e-users.These users post their feedbacks,reviews,ratings,etc.after the use of the item.The enormous increase in these reviews has raised the need for an automated system to analyze these reviews to rate these items.Sentiment Analysis(SA)is a technique that performs such decision analysis.This research targets the ranking and rating through sentiment analysis of these reviews,on different aspects.As a case study,Songs are opted to design and test the decision model.Different aspects of songs namely music,lyrics,song,voice and video are picked.For the reason,reviews of 20 songs are scraped from YouTube,pre-processed and formed a dataset.Different machine learning algorithms—Naïve Bayes(NB),Gradient Boost Tree,Logistic Regression LR,K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN)and Artificial Neural Network(ANN)are applied.ANN performed the best with 74.99%accuracy.Results are validated using K-Fold.

The riddles of number nine in Chinese medicine processing method

The“nine cycles of steaming and shining”,“nine making”,“nine turns”and“nine cycles of calcining and quenching”methods that are recorded and used since ancient times are merely one aspect of the unique processing methods of traditional Chinese medicine.Inducing the Chinese medicine processing method“nine cycles of steaming and shining”from historical review and summarizing the practical wisdom based on the canonical aspects of traditional Chinese medicine and the experiences of ancient Chinese medicine sages to promote the new development of traditional Chinese medicine.After the long-term and multiple“nine”processing,the materials of traditional Chinese medicine exhibit significant beneficial changes in terms of taste,efficacy,and chemical composition contents,thus emphasizing that Chinese medicine processing plays a significant role in their efficacy enhancement and toxicity reduction.Heshouwu(Polygoni Multiflori Radix),Dihuang(Rehmanniae Radix),Huangjing(Rhizoma Polygonati),Dahuang(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei),and Xixiancao(Herba Siegesbeckiae)are representatives of Chinese medicinal materials prepared using the“nine-system”processing method.This review discovers the aim and the molecular mechanism of“nine”processing of the abovementioned herbs from the viewpoints of modern pharmacochemistry and pharmacology to provide a theoretical support for the“nine”processing method of traditional Chinese medicine and to promote the international market of traditional Chinese medicine.

Integrity of the editing and publishing process is the basis for improving an academic journal’s Impact Factor

BACKGROUND Journal Impact Factor™(JIF)is often used to evaluate the relative reputation and quality of academic journals in their respective fields,and can greatly influence the quality and scope of subsequent manuscript submissions.Therefore,many if not all academic journals are interested in increasing their JIF,to improve their academic impact.AIM To determine the importance of the integrity of the editorial and publication process in improving the academic influence of academic journals and the JIF of academic journals.METHODS In this paper,we describe our statistical analysis of bibliometric factors-including the 2021 JIFs released in the Journal Citation Report™2022,discipline rankings,received and published articles in 2019-2021,and webpage visits and downloads-for seven journals published by Baishideng Publishing Group(Baishideng)and indexed in Science Citation Index Expanded™;ultimately,we introduce and discuss the editing and publishing processes of Baishideng’s journals in their entirety,as they form the basis for our objective of safeguarding and bolstering integrity in academic publication.RESULTS For the seven journals assessed,their 2021 JIFs were basically unchanged from 2020,with the current metric ranging from 5.374 for World Journal of Gastroenterology(WJG)to 1.534 for World Journal of Clinical Cases(WJCC).Further assessments of the journals’bibliometrics from 2019 to 2020,showed that World Journal of Stem Cells has the highest self-citation rate(1.43%)and World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery has the lowest(0.21%).Additionally,the total 3012 articles published during this period were cited by more than 20000 articles in approximately 8000 academic journals.Of note,the 1102 articles published in WJG were cited by articles in 3059 journals,among which 171 journals have a JIF of>10,including internationally renowned academic journals such as CA-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians(2021 JIF 286.130,record count:1),Lancet(2021 JIF 202.731,record count:4),Nature Reviews Immunology(2021 JIF 108.555,record count:2),Nature Reviews Gastroenterology&Hepatology(2021 JIF 73.082,record count:9),Lancet Gastroenterology&Hepatology(2021 JIF 45.042,record count:8),Gastroenterology(2021 JIF 33.883,record count:19),and Gut(2021 JIF 31.793,record count:21).This suggests that Baishideng’s journals have been widely recognized for their academic quality.In the Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)database,all seven Baishidengpublished journals obtained a 2022 Journal Article Influence Index(JAII).For example,WJG has a 2022 JAII of 22.048,ranking 18th out of 102 journals in the field of gastroenterology&hepatology in the RCA,with 469909 total citations(6/102)and 21313 total articles(5/102).The numbers of manuscripts received and published in 2021 were both higher than those in 2019-2020.For example,WJCC received a total of 3650 manuscripts in 2021,which is 91.1%higher than those in 2019-2020(average:1910 papers/year).In 2021,WJCC published 1296 articles,representing an increase of 105.1%compared to those in 2019-2020(average:632 articles/year).The numbers of webpage visits and downloads received by the seven journals have increased year by year.For example,the number of total visits received by WJG in 2019-2021 was 1974052 in 2019,2317835 in 2020(increased by 17.4%compared with that in 2019),and 2652555 in 2021(increased by 4.4%compared with that in 2020).The visitors were from more than 220 countries and regions worldwide,such as the United States,China,and the United Kingdom.Open access(OA)plays a vital role in improving the quality,efficiency,transparency,and integrity of academic journal publishing.From 2019 to 2021,a total of 5543 OA articles were published in the seven journals,of which 2083(37.6%)were invited and published free-of-charge.During the same period,1683 articles were published in WJG,and the authors were from more than 70 countries and regions.For the total 5543 articles published in the seven journals from 2019 to 2021,3903 article quality tracking reports were received after the online publication of these articles.The quality of the articles was further evaluated through the Baishideng’s article quality and author evaluation tracking system,with 4655 articles(84.0%)having received author evaluation and feedback,which contributes to tracking metrics for authors’satisfaction with the collective publication processes.From March 25,2021 to June 28,2022,the seven journals received a total of 424 reader evaluations and 229 letters from readers;this subsequent reader engagement demonstrates that the popularity of the published articles and the volume of their readership audience were improved through the reader evaluation system.CONCLUSION Ultimately,the findings from our bibliometric assessments indicate that establishing,promoting and actively practicing processes that safeguard and bolster the integrity of the editing and publication process also help to improve the academic influence of academic journals,which itself is the cornerstone for improving JIF.

Enhancing the Prediction of User Satisfaction with Metaverse Service Through Machine Learning

Metaverse is one of the main technologies in the daily lives of several people,such as education,tour systems,and mobile application services.Particularly,the number of users of mobile metaverse applications is increasing owing to the merit of accessibility everywhere.To provide an improved service,it is important to analyze online reviews that contain user satisfaction.Several previous studies have utilized traditional methods,such as the structural equation model(SEM)and technology acceptance method(TAM)for exploring user satisfaction,using limited survey data.These methods may not be appropriate for analyzing the users of mobile applications.To overcome this limitation,several researchers perform user experience analysis through online reviews and star ratings.However,some online reviews occasionally have inconsistencies between the star rating and the sentiment of the text.This variation disturbs the performance of machine learning.To alleviate the inconsistencies,Valence Aware Dictionary and sEntiment Reasoner(VADER),which is a sentiment classifier based on lexicon,is introduced.The current study aims to build a more accurate sentiment classifier based on machine learning with VADER.In this study,five sentiment classifiers are used,such as Naïve Bayes,K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),Logistic Regression,Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LightGBM),and Categorical boosting algorithm(Catboost)with three embedding methods(Bag-of-Words(BoW),Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency(TF-IDF),Word2Vec).The results show that classifiers that apply VADER outperform those that do not apply VADER,excluding one classifier(Logistic Regression with Word2Vec).Moreover,LightGBM with TF-IDF has the highest accuracy 88.68%among other models.

Theories behind a nursing intern’s error in terms of clinical decision-making

Clinical decision-making and judgment is an essential skill that should be acquired by nursing interns.However,many studies reveal that a large proportion of nursing interns have difficulty in meeting the basic expectation of clinical decision-making.This article begins with a brief review of some theories related to clinical decision-making.Then it takes a case,for example,to show how the wrong decision is made.Furthermore,it makes a general analysis on the case drawing on the concept of bounded rationality,dual-process model,and skills acquisition theory.This article ends with some reflections from the case,to improve the consciousness and skills in decision-making for nursing interns.

A Study on Process Model of Computing Similarity Between Product Features and Online Reviews

Review similarity computing is used to judge whether the content of online reviews is related to the products.It is an important prerequisite to judge the usefulness of reviews,and it is also an important basis for the classification and sorting of product reviews.This paper combines the VSM,TF-IDF algorithm and cosine similarity algorithm to build the model of similarity computing between the product online reviews and product features,and to build the process framework of review similarity computing for enterprises.Besides,this paper also verifies the model’s effectiveness and correctness based on real online review data of E-business.The experiment results show that the process model can be used to quantify the similarity between reviews and product features,and the similarity results also have a good effect on the application of the review sorting.

Multi-parameters uncertainty analysis of logistic support process based on GERT

The uncertainty analysis is an effective sensitivity analysis method for system model analysis and optimization. However,the existing single-factor uncertainty analysis methods are not well used in the logistic support systems with multiple decision-making factors. The multiple transfer parameters graphical evaluation and review technique（MTP-GERT） is used to model the logistic support process in consideration of two important factors, support activity time and support activity resources, which are two primary causes for the logistic support process uncertainty. On this basis,a global sensitivity analysis（GSA） method based on covariance is designed to analyze the logistic support process uncertainty. The aircraft support process is selected as a case application which illustrates the validity of the proposed method to analyze the support process uncertainty, and some feasible recommendations are proposed for aircraft support decision making on carrier.

Considerations for a Planned Democratizing Data Framework for Valid and Trusted Data

A key requirement of today’s fast changing business outcome and innovation environment is the ability of organizations to adapt dynamically in an effective and efficient manner. Becoming a data-driven decision-making organization plays a crucially important role in addressing such adaptation requirements. The notion of “data democratization” has emerged as a mechanism with which organizations can address data-driven decision-making process issues and cross-pollinate data in ways that uncover actionable insights. We define data democratization as an attitude focused on curiosity, learning, and experimentation for delivering trusted data for trusted insights to a broad range of authorized stakeholders. In this paper, we propose a general indicator framework for data democratization by highlighting success factors that should not be overlooked in today’s data driven economy. In this practice-based research, these enablers are grouped into six broad building blocks: 1) “ethical guidelines, business context and value”, 2) “data leadership and data culture”, 3) “data literacy and business knowledge”, 4) “data wrangling, trustworthy & standardization”, 5) “sustainable data platform, access, & analytical tool”, 6) “intelligent data governance and privacy”. As an attitude, once it is planned and built, data democratization will need to be maintained. The utility of the approach is demonstrated through a case study for a Cameroon based start-up company that has ongoing data analytics projects. Our findings advance the concepts of data democratization and contribute to data free flow with trust.

DEGRADATION AND PROCESSING OF PLA AND ITS APPLICATION IN FIXATION OF BONE FRACTURE

PLA is presently considered as the most attractive compound for temporarytherapeutic application in the biomedical field. In this paper we give an overview of thepresent knowledge on the degradation behavior,processing technology of PLA and itsapplication in the fixation of bone fracture.

Effect of social media utilization in 21^st century nursing practices in Nigeria: Analytical review

Background and aim:Social Media is a global tool where information is disseminated and accessed within twinkle of an eye,it reaches the target audience within seconds locally,continentally or cross-continentally.Social Media usage in nursing practices across globe is a burning issue in contemporary 21st century,as its negativity is widely spreading unprofessional code of conducts.Therefore,the study is to examine the effect of social media usage among 21st century nurses in Nigeria.Methodology:This analytical study was carried out using previous studies on related subject matters,and review the outcomes of the subjects.Nurses in Federal Republic of Nigeria were used as the sample via WhatsApp group and Facebook closed group,hence,it was conducted on examining how impactful is the usage of social media among Nigerian nurses.Results:Findings revealed that social media has come to stay in nursing,and the potential should be harnessed and integrated into nursing practices and curriculum,which will translate into professional care.Nurses should be educated on its negative usage as it delineates from professional conduct.There is a need for Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria(NMCN)as matter of urgency upgrade the code of professional conduct to accommodate the current trend of social media usage.Conclusion:It was concluded that Nurses in Nigeria should uphold professional code of practice while using social media as it’s a good source of litigation.It was recommended that nursing training curriculum should reflect current trend of social media and NMCN should review its code of professional practices highlighting the usage of social media.

Digital Twins for Engineering Asset Management:Synthesis,Analytical Framework,and Future Directions

Effective engineering asset management(EAM)is critical to economic development and improving livability in society,but its complexity often impedes optimal asset functionalities.Digital twins(DTs)could revolutionize the EAM paradigm by bidirectionally linking the physical and digital worlds in real time.There is great industrial and academic interest in DTs for EAM.However,previous review studies have predominately focused on technical aspects using limited life-cycle perspectives,failing to holistically synthesize DTs for EAM from the managerial point of view.Based on a systematic literature review,we introduce an analytical framework for describing DTs for EAM,which encompasses three levels:DT 1.0 for technical EAM,DT 2.0 for technical-human EAM,and DT 3.0 for technical-environmental EAM.Using this framework,we identify what is known,what is unknown,and future directions at each level.DT 1.0 addresses issues of asset quality,progress,and cost management,generating technical value.It lacks multi-objective self-adaptive EAM,however,and suffers from high application cost.It is imperative to enable closed-loop EAM in order to provide various functional services with affordable DT 1.0.DT 2.0 accommodates issues of human-machine symbiosis,safety,and flexibility management,generating managerial value beyond the technical performance improvement of engineering assets.However,DT 2.0 currently lacks the automation and security of human-machine interactions and the managerial value related to humans is not prominent enough.Future research needs to align technical and managerial value with highly automated and secure DT 2.0.DT 3.0 covers issues of participatory governance,organization management,sustainable development,and resilience enhancement,generating macro social value.Yet it suffers from organizational fragmentation and can only address limited social governance issues.Numerous research opportunities exist to coordinate different stakeholders.Similarly,future research opportunities exist to develop DT 3.0 in a more open and complex system.