Intensive mid-Neoproterozoic magmatism is the salient feature of the Yangtze Block,preserving abundant information about crustal reworking and growth.Zircon U-Pb-Lu-Hf isotope analysis was performed on material from t...Intensive mid-Neoproterozoic magmatism is the salient feature of the Yangtze Block,preserving abundant information about crustal reworking and growth.Zircon U-Pb-Lu-Hf isotope analysis was performed on material from the Feidong Complex(FDC)and Zhangbaling Group(ZBLG)of the Zhangbaling Uplift,in order to determine the age and magmatic source of the Neoproterozoic igneous rocks as well as the detrital provenance for the sedimentary rocks,to further provide important data for understanding the mid-Neoproterozoic crustal evolution of the Northeast Yangtze Block.The amphibolite and gneissic granites in the Feidong Complex(FDC)gave similar protolith ages of 782-776 Ma.The synmagmatic zircons exhibited variable negativeεHf(t)values of-26.9 to-8.3.Early(ca.2.4 Ga)to late Paleoproterozoic(ca.2.0-1.9 Ga)inherited zircons were found in the gneissic monzogranite,with negativeεHf(t)values of-11.2 to-7.2,indicating strong reworking of the ancient crustal materials of the Northeast Yangtze Block.Whereas the amphibolites represent minor crustal growth through emplacement of continental rifting-related mafic magmas.The quartz-keratophyres in the Xileng Formation of the ZBLG in contrast systematically yield young protolith crystallization ages of 754-727 Ma with highεHf(t)values of-2.0 to+5.6,indicating their derivation from the reworking of juvenile crustal materials.The detrital zircons from the metasiltstone in the Beijiangjun Formation yield variable^(206)Pb/^(238)U ages(871-644 Ma)with a peak age at 741±11 Ma andεHf(t)values of-4.3 to+5.3,which is consistent with those of the Xileng Formation,but distinct from the FDC,indicating that the provenance of the metasiltstone is primarily the underlying Xileng Formation.The mid-Neoproterozoic igneous and sedimentary rocks of the Zhangbaling Uplift were products from continental rifting zones along the northern margin of the Yangtze Block,situated in different positions from the Susong Complex and the Haizhou Group.The transition from ancient to juvenile crustal sources for felsic magmatic rocks is attributed to gradually increased crustal extension during continental rifting.展开更多
The Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)is one of the largest Phanerozoic accretionary orogen.(Windley et al.,1990,2007;Jahn et al.,2000a,b,c;Yakubchuk,2002,2004;Xiao et al.,2003,2004).It is the optimal study area for re...The Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)is one of the largest Phanerozoic accretionary orogen.(Windley et al.,1990,2007;Jahn et al.,2000a,b,c;Yakubchuk,2002,2004;Xiao et al.,2003,2004).It is the optimal study area for revealing the accretion and reworking processes of the continental crust.The Khanka Massif is located in the most eastern part of the CAOB,and mainly crops out in the territory of Russia,with a small segment in NE China.In addition,a large number of multi-stage granitic rocks are formed in geological evolution in this area,recording amounts of information about crustal accretion and reworking processes(De Paolo et al.,1991;Rudnick,1995;Wu et al.,2011).In view of this,this paper uses the spatial-temporal variations of trace elements and zircon Hf isotopic compositions of phanerozoic granitoids within the Khanka Massif as a case to reveal the crustal accretion and reworking processes of micro continental massifs from the orogenic belt,further to understand the formation and evolution processes and mechanisms of the global continental crust.According to the statistics of zircon U-Pb ages of granitoids in the Khanka Massif,indicate that the granitic magmatisms in the Khanka Massif have eleven peaks:492 Ma,460 Ma,445Ma,430Ma,425Ma,302Ma,287Ma,258Ma,249 Ma,216Ma and 213Ma,it can be divided into eight main stages:Late Cambrian,Middle-Late Ordovician,Middle Silurian,Late Carboniferous,EarlyPermian,Middle-Late Permian—Early Triassic,Late Triassic-Early Jurassic,Early Cretaceous.The Phanerozoic granitoids in Khanka massif are selectedinthispaperasasuiteof granodiorite-monzogranite-syenogranite.TheSi O2contents of the Phanerozoic granitoids exceed 65%,and has high Al2O3,low Mg#,TFe2O3,Cr,Co and Ni contents.This suggests that mixture with mantle-derived magma did not occur,and it should be a typical crustal source(Lu and Xu,2011).Combined with evident characteristics of light rare-earth elements(LREEs)and large ion lithophile elements(LILEs)enrichment,and heavy rare-earth elements(HREEs)and high field-strength elements(HFSEs)loss,we suggest that the primary magma was derived by partial melting of lower crustal material(Xu et al.,2009),and geochemical properties of the Phanerozoic granitoids essentially reflect the nature of the magmatic source region.According to the temporal variation of zircon Hf isotopic data of Phanerozoic granitioids,zircon Hf isotopic compositions of Phanerozoic granitoids have a obvious correlation with age.With the decrease of formation time ofthePhanerozoicgranitoids(Late Cambrian^Middle-LateOrdovician^Middle Silurian^EarlyPermian^Middle-LatePermian–Early Triassic^Late Triassic-Early Jurassic),εHf(t)values of zircons gradually increase,whereas their TDM2 ages gradually decrease(Paleoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic),suggesting that the generation of granitic magmas from the Khanka Massif could have experienced the change from the melting of the ancient crust to the juvenile crust during Paleozoic to Mesozoic.According to the sample location,it can be found thatεHf(t)values of Phanerozoic granitoids have the tendency to decrease with latitude increase,showing that components of the ancient continental crust gradually increase from south to north.However,at the same latitude range,theεHf(t)values of Phanerozoic granitoids also inconsistent.Taken together,these differences reveal the horizontal and vertical heterogeneity of the lower continental crust within the Khanka Massif.According to the relative probability of two-stage model(TDM2)ages of zircon Hf isotope from Phanerozoic granitoids within the Khanka massif,it could be divided into three stages:(1)Late Paleoproterozoic(2)Mesoproterozoic(3)Neoproterozoic.It reveals that the main part of the continental crust within the Khanka MassifwereformedinLate Paleoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic.The Phanerozoic granitoids in the Khanka Massif reworked from the source rockswithdifferent ages(Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic).展开更多
The contribution of benthic foraminifera to sediment bioturbation has widely been overlooked despite their huge abundance in intertidal soft sediments. In this preliminary study, we specifically chose to focus on two ...The contribution of benthic foraminifera to sediment bioturbation has widely been overlooked despite their huge abundance in intertidal soft sediments. In this preliminary study, we specifically chose to focus on two key species of benthic foraminifera in temperate intertidal mudflats, <i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Quinqueloculina seminula</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Ammonia</span></i> <i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">tepida</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">, and first experimentally investigated their individual movements at the sediment surface. We subsequently derived from these observations the individual-level surface sediment reworking rates, and used the actual abundance of these species to extrapolate these rates at the population level. Individual surface sediment reworking rates </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">SSRR</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">i</span></sub></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> ranged between 0.13 and 0.32 cm<sup>2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;"><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">ind</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8.33333px;"><sup>-1</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">day<sup>-1</sup></span> <span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">for</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> <i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Q. seminula</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">, and between 0.12 and 0.28 cm<sup>2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">ind<sup>-1</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">day<sup>-1</sup></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> for </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">A. tepida</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">. Population-level surface sediment reworking rates were subsequently estimated as ranging between 11,484 and 28,710 cm<sup>2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">m<sup>-2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">day<sup>-1</sup></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> for </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Q. seminula</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> and 27,876 and 65,044 cm<sup>2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">m<sup>-2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">day<sup>-1</sup></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> for </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">A. tepida</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">. Noticeably, these reworking rates are comparable to, and eventually even higher than, the rates reported in the literature for populations of intertidal macro-invertebrates, such as the annelid polychaete </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Melinna palmata</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> and the bivalve </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Abra</span></i> <i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">ovata</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">. Taken together these results suggest that despite their minute size intertidal benthic foraminifera are, thanks to their abundance, non-negligible contributors to the reworking of surface sediment, and may then play an unanticipated role in the benthic ecosystem functioning, through e.g. the enhancement of fluxes at the sediment-water interface.</span></span>展开更多
In intercontinental trade and economics goods are bought from a global supplier.On occasion,the expected lot may include a fraction of defective items.These imperfect items still have worth and can be sold to customer...In intercontinental trade and economics goods are bought from a global supplier.On occasion,the expected lot may include a fraction of defective items.These imperfect items still have worth and can be sold to customers after repair.It is cost-effective and sustainable to rework such items in nearby repair workshops rather than return them.The reworked items can be returned from the workshop to the buyer when shortages are equal to the quantity of imperfect items.In the meantime,the supplier correspondingly deals a multi-period delay-in-payments strategy with purchaser.The entire profit has been maximized with paybacks for interim financing.This study aims to develop a synergic inventory model to get the most profit by making an allowance for reworking,multi-period delay-in-payments policy,and shortages.The findings of the proposed model augment inventory management performance by monitoring cycle time as well as fraction of phase with optimistic inventory for a supply chain.The results demonstrate that profit is smaller if the permitted period given by supplier to buyer is equal to or greater than the cycle time,and profit is greater if the permitted period is smaller than the cycle time.The algebraic method is engaged to make a closed system optimum solution.The mathematical experiment of this study is constructed to provide management insights and tangible practices.展开更多
This paper develops an economic production quantity(EPQ)model for a singlemanufacturer multi-retailer(SMMR)production and reworking system with green and environmental sensitive customer demand.The minimum cost of the...This paper develops an economic production quantity(EPQ)model for a singlemanufacturer multi-retailer(SMMR)production and reworking system with green and environmental sensitive customer demand.The minimum cost of the manufacturer has obtained under carbon emissions(CE)policies and discrete ordering cost reduction.The model is used to optimize the total number of shipments,greening investment level,environmental measure,and lot size for productions and rework.This research work determines that the manufacturer’s and retailer’s profits will be increased after considering the environmental and green dependent demand of customers.Further,the development of green and environmental demand is proposed to minimize the CE and maximize the demand for the customers.In the existing literature,no discrete investment is developed for reducing the cost of ordering for the retailer/buyer.However,in this paper,we have introduced it.We provide numerical examples to explain the models and determine the significance of model parameters.展开更多
The Qinling Orogen resulted from the collision between the North and South China blocks in the Triassic.Mesozoic granitoids,ranging from the Triassic to the Cretaceous,are widely distributed in this orogen,and they pr...The Qinling Orogen resulted from the collision between the North and South China blocks in the Triassic.Mesozoic granitoids,ranging from the Triassic to the Cretaceous,are widely distributed in this orogen,and they provide excellent clues for understanding the crustal evolution and geodynamic evolution of the orogenic belt.The Triassic belt is mostly located in the South Qinling,whereas the Cretaceous belt is located mostly in the North Qinling.The Taibai complex pluton is located at the conjunction of the two belts.Here we present a data set comprising zircon U-Pb dating and elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic geochemistry for Late Mesozoic granite and microgranular enclaves(MME)exposed in the Taibai complex pluton.The granite and MME yield concordant U-Pb zircon ages of 124 to 118 Ma,indicating that they were products of roughly simultaneous magmatism in the Late Mesozoic.The granite rocks are high-K,calc-alkaline,and weakly peraluminous in compositions,and they are characterized by enrichment in large ion lithophile elements(e.g.,Rb,Ba),depletion in high field strength elements(e.g.,Nb,Ta,Zr,Ti),and variable Sr/Y ratios of 7.64 to 63.6.Low MgO,Cr,and Ni contents imply that the magma(s)were essentially crust-derived.Both the granite and the MME show relative depletion in Sr-Nd isotopic composition(initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr of 0.7044 to 0.7067,initialε_(Nd) values of-3.4 to-2.6),suggesting that the magma(s)originated from juvenile crustal rocks.These Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics are significantly different from those of other Late Mesozoic granitoids exposed elsewhere in the Qinling orogenic belt,which formed from much older and enriched sources and with negligible contributions from mantle or juvenile crust.We propose a reworking event of the juvenile crust during the Late Mesozoic that was triggered by the tectonic extension and subsequent asthenospheric upwelling that occurred in eastern China.展开更多
: Black shales are marine sediments with argillaceous, silty and siliceous compositions and high contents of organic materials, disseminated pyrite and uranium. Uraniferous black shale has uranium content of more than...: Black shales are marine sediments with argillaceous, silty and siliceous compositions and high contents of organic materials, disseminated pyrite and uranium. Uraniferous black shale has uranium content of more than 20 ppm.Black shales are widely distributed in 17 provinces or autonomous regions in northwestern and southern-central China. Their sedimentary ages are from the Sinian to the Tertiary and uraniferous black shales are mainly exposed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the economically significant uranium deposits associated with black shale occur in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.Uranium mineralization associated with black shale has the following main features: (1) forming stratabound deposits; (2) controlled by structures such as interlayer and intersected faults and fractures; (3) associated with different ore-forming processes such as leaching and hydrothermal reworking; (4)展开更多
Field observations and CA-LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon ages and Hf isotope compositions obtained from migmatitic orthogneisses and granitoids from the Belo Horizonte Complex,southern São Francisco Craton,indicate a maj...Field observations and CA-LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon ages and Hf isotope compositions obtained from migmatitic orthogneisses and granitoids from the Belo Horizonte Complex,southern São Francisco Craton,indicate a major period of partial melting and production of felsic rocks in the Neoarchean.Our observations show that the complex is an important site for studying partial melting processes of Archean crystalline crust.Much of the complex exposes fine-grained stromatic migmatites that are intruded by multiple leucogranitic veins and sheeted dikes.Both migmatites and leucogranite sheets are crosscut by several phases of granitoid batholiths and small granitic bodies;both of which are closely associated with the host banded gneisses.Chemical abrasion followed by detailed cathodoluminescence imaging revealed a wide variety of zircon textures that are consistent with a long-lived period of partial melting and crustal remobilization.Results of U-Pb and Hf isotopes disclose the complex as part of a much wider crustal segment,encompassing the entire southern part of the São Francisco Craton.Compilation of available U-Pb ages suggests that this crustal segment was consolidated sometime between 3000 Ma and 2900 Ma and that it experienced three main episodes of partial melting before stabilization at 2600 Ma.The partial melting episodes took place between 2750 Ma and 2600 Ma as a result of tectonic accretion and peeling off the lithospheric mantle and lower crust.This process is likely responsible for the emplacement of voluminous potassic granitoids across the entire São Francisco Craton.We believe that the partial melting of Meso-Archean crystalline crust and production of potassic granitoids are linked to a fundamental shift in the tectonics of the craton,which was also responsible for the widespread intrusion of large syenitic bodies in the northern part of the craton,and the construction of layered mafic–ultramafic intrusions to the south of the BHC.展开更多
基金supported by funds from the Natural Science Foundation of China(41772228)。
文摘Intensive mid-Neoproterozoic magmatism is the salient feature of the Yangtze Block,preserving abundant information about crustal reworking and growth.Zircon U-Pb-Lu-Hf isotope analysis was performed on material from the Feidong Complex(FDC)and Zhangbaling Group(ZBLG)of the Zhangbaling Uplift,in order to determine the age and magmatic source of the Neoproterozoic igneous rocks as well as the detrital provenance for the sedimentary rocks,to further provide important data for understanding the mid-Neoproterozoic crustal evolution of the Northeast Yangtze Block.The amphibolite and gneissic granites in the Feidong Complex(FDC)gave similar protolith ages of 782-776 Ma.The synmagmatic zircons exhibited variable negativeεHf(t)values of-26.9 to-8.3.Early(ca.2.4 Ga)to late Paleoproterozoic(ca.2.0-1.9 Ga)inherited zircons were found in the gneissic monzogranite,with negativeεHf(t)values of-11.2 to-7.2,indicating strong reworking of the ancient crustal materials of the Northeast Yangtze Block.Whereas the amphibolites represent minor crustal growth through emplacement of continental rifting-related mafic magmas.The quartz-keratophyres in the Xileng Formation of the ZBLG in contrast systematically yield young protolith crystallization ages of 754-727 Ma with highεHf(t)values of-2.0 to+5.6,indicating their derivation from the reworking of juvenile crustal materials.The detrital zircons from the metasiltstone in the Beijiangjun Formation yield variable^(206)Pb/^(238)U ages(871-644 Ma)with a peak age at 741±11 Ma andεHf(t)values of-4.3 to+5.3,which is consistent with those of the Xileng Formation,but distinct from the FDC,indicating that the provenance of the metasiltstone is primarily the underlying Xileng Formation.The mid-Neoproterozoic igneous and sedimentary rocks of the Zhangbaling Uplift were products from continental rifting zones along the northern margin of the Yangtze Block,situated in different positions from the Susong Complex and the Haizhou Group.The transition from ancient to juvenile crustal sources for felsic magmatic rocks is attributed to gradually increased crustal extension during continental rifting.
文摘The Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB)is one of the largest Phanerozoic accretionary orogen.(Windley et al.,1990,2007;Jahn et al.,2000a,b,c;Yakubchuk,2002,2004;Xiao et al.,2003,2004).It is the optimal study area for revealing the accretion and reworking processes of the continental crust.The Khanka Massif is located in the most eastern part of the CAOB,and mainly crops out in the territory of Russia,with a small segment in NE China.In addition,a large number of multi-stage granitic rocks are formed in geological evolution in this area,recording amounts of information about crustal accretion and reworking processes(De Paolo et al.,1991;Rudnick,1995;Wu et al.,2011).In view of this,this paper uses the spatial-temporal variations of trace elements and zircon Hf isotopic compositions of phanerozoic granitoids within the Khanka Massif as a case to reveal the crustal accretion and reworking processes of micro continental massifs from the orogenic belt,further to understand the formation and evolution processes and mechanisms of the global continental crust.According to the statistics of zircon U-Pb ages of granitoids in the Khanka Massif,indicate that the granitic magmatisms in the Khanka Massif have eleven peaks:492 Ma,460 Ma,445Ma,430Ma,425Ma,302Ma,287Ma,258Ma,249 Ma,216Ma and 213Ma,it can be divided into eight main stages:Late Cambrian,Middle-Late Ordovician,Middle Silurian,Late Carboniferous,EarlyPermian,Middle-Late Permian—Early Triassic,Late Triassic-Early Jurassic,Early Cretaceous.The Phanerozoic granitoids in Khanka massif are selectedinthispaperasasuiteof granodiorite-monzogranite-syenogranite.TheSi O2contents of the Phanerozoic granitoids exceed 65%,and has high Al2O3,low Mg#,TFe2O3,Cr,Co and Ni contents.This suggests that mixture with mantle-derived magma did not occur,and it should be a typical crustal source(Lu and Xu,2011).Combined with evident characteristics of light rare-earth elements(LREEs)and large ion lithophile elements(LILEs)enrichment,and heavy rare-earth elements(HREEs)and high field-strength elements(HFSEs)loss,we suggest that the primary magma was derived by partial melting of lower crustal material(Xu et al.,2009),and geochemical properties of the Phanerozoic granitoids essentially reflect the nature of the magmatic source region.According to the temporal variation of zircon Hf isotopic data of Phanerozoic granitioids,zircon Hf isotopic compositions of Phanerozoic granitoids have a obvious correlation with age.With the decrease of formation time ofthePhanerozoicgranitoids(Late Cambrian^Middle-LateOrdovician^Middle Silurian^EarlyPermian^Middle-LatePermian–Early Triassic^Late Triassic-Early Jurassic),εHf(t)values of zircons gradually increase,whereas their TDM2 ages gradually decrease(Paleoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic),suggesting that the generation of granitic magmas from the Khanka Massif could have experienced the change from the melting of the ancient crust to the juvenile crust during Paleozoic to Mesozoic.According to the sample location,it can be found thatεHf(t)values of Phanerozoic granitoids have the tendency to decrease with latitude increase,showing that components of the ancient continental crust gradually increase from south to north.However,at the same latitude range,theεHf(t)values of Phanerozoic granitoids also inconsistent.Taken together,these differences reveal the horizontal and vertical heterogeneity of the lower continental crust within the Khanka Massif.According to the relative probability of two-stage model(TDM2)ages of zircon Hf isotope from Phanerozoic granitoids within the Khanka massif,it could be divided into three stages:(1)Late Paleoproterozoic(2)Mesoproterozoic(3)Neoproterozoic.It reveals that the main part of the continental crust within the Khanka MassifwereformedinLate Paleoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic.The Phanerozoic granitoids in the Khanka Massif reworked from the source rockswithdifferent ages(Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic–Neoproterozoic).
文摘The contribution of benthic foraminifera to sediment bioturbation has widely been overlooked despite their huge abundance in intertidal soft sediments. In this preliminary study, we specifically chose to focus on two key species of benthic foraminifera in temperate intertidal mudflats, <i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Quinqueloculina seminula</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Ammonia</span></i> <i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">tepida</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">, and first experimentally investigated their individual movements at the sediment surface. We subsequently derived from these observations the individual-level surface sediment reworking rates, and used the actual abundance of these species to extrapolate these rates at the population level. Individual surface sediment reworking rates </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">SSRR</span><sub><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">i</span></sub></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> ranged between 0.13 and 0.32 cm<sup>2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;"><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></sup></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">ind</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8.33333px;"><sup>-1</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">day<sup>-1</sup></span> <span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">for</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:;" "=""> <i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Q. seminula</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">, and between 0.12 and 0.28 cm<sup>2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">ind<sup>-1</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">day<sup>-1</sup></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> for </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">A. tepida</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">. Population-level surface sediment reworking rates were subsequently estimated as ranging between 11,484 and 28,710 cm<sup>2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">m<sup>-2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">day<sup>-1</sup></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> for </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Q. seminula</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> and 27,876 and 65,044 cm<sup>2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">m<sup>-2</sup><span style="white-space:nowrap;">·</span></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">day<sup>-1</sup></span><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> for </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">A. tepida</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">. Noticeably, these reworking rates are comparable to, and eventually even higher than, the rates reported in the literature for populations of intertidal macro-invertebrates, such as the annelid polychaete </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Melinna palmata</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;"> and the bivalve </span><i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">Abra</span></i> <i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">ovata</span></i><span style="font-size:12px;font-family:Verdana;">. Taken together these results suggest that despite their minute size intertidal benthic foraminifera are, thanks to their abundance, non-negligible contributors to the reworking of surface sediment, and may then play an unanticipated role in the benthic ecosystem functioning, through e.g. the enhancement of fluxes at the sediment-water interface.</span></span>
文摘In intercontinental trade and economics goods are bought from a global supplier.On occasion,the expected lot may include a fraction of defective items.These imperfect items still have worth and can be sold to customers after repair.It is cost-effective and sustainable to rework such items in nearby repair workshops rather than return them.The reworked items can be returned from the workshop to the buyer when shortages are equal to the quantity of imperfect items.In the meantime,the supplier correspondingly deals a multi-period delay-in-payments strategy with purchaser.The entire profit has been maximized with paybacks for interim financing.This study aims to develop a synergic inventory model to get the most profit by making an allowance for reworking,multi-period delay-in-payments policy,and shortages.The findings of the proposed model augment inventory management performance by monitoring cycle time as well as fraction of phase with optimistic inventory for a supply chain.The results demonstrate that profit is smaller if the permitted period given by supplier to buyer is equal to or greater than the cycle time,and profit is greater if the permitted period is smaller than the cycle time.The algebraic method is engaged to make a closed system optimum solution.The mathematical experiment of this study is constructed to provide management insights and tangible practices.
基金supported by University Grants Commission–Special Assistance Program(DSA I)[grant number F.510/7/DSA-I/2015(SAP-I)],Government of India,New Delhi.
文摘This paper develops an economic production quantity(EPQ)model for a singlemanufacturer multi-retailer(SMMR)production and reworking system with green and environmental sensitive customer demand.The minimum cost of the manufacturer has obtained under carbon emissions(CE)policies and discrete ordering cost reduction.The model is used to optimize the total number of shipments,greening investment level,environmental measure,and lot size for productions and rework.This research work determines that the manufacturer’s and retailer’s profits will be increased after considering the environmental and green dependent demand of customers.Further,the development of green and environmental demand is proposed to minimize the CE and maximize the demand for the customers.In the existing literature,no discrete investment is developed for reducing the cost of ordering for the retailer/buyer.However,in this paper,we have introduced it.We provide numerical examples to explain the models and determine the significance of model parameters.
基金financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No.2016YFC0600404)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.XDB42020303)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.41872049,41372072,and 41903006)the partly supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Nos.2019M652497 and2020T130656)
文摘The Qinling Orogen resulted from the collision between the North and South China blocks in the Triassic.Mesozoic granitoids,ranging from the Triassic to the Cretaceous,are widely distributed in this orogen,and they provide excellent clues for understanding the crustal evolution and geodynamic evolution of the orogenic belt.The Triassic belt is mostly located in the South Qinling,whereas the Cretaceous belt is located mostly in the North Qinling.The Taibai complex pluton is located at the conjunction of the two belts.Here we present a data set comprising zircon U-Pb dating and elemental and Sr-Nd isotopic geochemistry for Late Mesozoic granite and microgranular enclaves(MME)exposed in the Taibai complex pluton.The granite and MME yield concordant U-Pb zircon ages of 124 to 118 Ma,indicating that they were products of roughly simultaneous magmatism in the Late Mesozoic.The granite rocks are high-K,calc-alkaline,and weakly peraluminous in compositions,and they are characterized by enrichment in large ion lithophile elements(e.g.,Rb,Ba),depletion in high field strength elements(e.g.,Nb,Ta,Zr,Ti),and variable Sr/Y ratios of 7.64 to 63.6.Low MgO,Cr,and Ni contents imply that the magma(s)were essentially crust-derived.Both the granite and the MME show relative depletion in Sr-Nd isotopic composition(initial ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr of 0.7044 to 0.7067,initialε_(Nd) values of-3.4 to-2.6),suggesting that the magma(s)originated from juvenile crustal rocks.These Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics are significantly different from those of other Late Mesozoic granitoids exposed elsewhere in the Qinling orogenic belt,which formed from much older and enriched sources and with negligible contributions from mantle or juvenile crust.We propose a reworking event of the juvenile crust during the Late Mesozoic that was triggered by the tectonic extension and subsequent asthenospheric upwelling that occurred in eastern China.
文摘: Black shales are marine sediments with argillaceous, silty and siliceous compositions and high contents of organic materials, disseminated pyrite and uranium. Uraniferous black shale has uranium content of more than 20 ppm.Black shales are widely distributed in 17 provinces or autonomous regions in northwestern and southern-central China. Their sedimentary ages are from the Sinian to the Tertiary and uraniferous black shales are mainly exposed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the economically significant uranium deposits associated with black shale occur in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.Uranium mineralization associated with black shale has the following main features: (1) forming stratabound deposits; (2) controlled by structures such as interlayer and intersected faults and fractures; (3) associated with different ore-forming processes such as leaching and hydrothermal reworking; (4)
基金financial support from the CNPq(National Council for Scientific and Technological Development)under grant 141707/2016-0 to Lorena Martinsfinancial support provided by CNPq awarded to Cristiano Lana。
文摘Field observations and CA-LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon ages and Hf isotope compositions obtained from migmatitic orthogneisses and granitoids from the Belo Horizonte Complex,southern São Francisco Craton,indicate a major period of partial melting and production of felsic rocks in the Neoarchean.Our observations show that the complex is an important site for studying partial melting processes of Archean crystalline crust.Much of the complex exposes fine-grained stromatic migmatites that are intruded by multiple leucogranitic veins and sheeted dikes.Both migmatites and leucogranite sheets are crosscut by several phases of granitoid batholiths and small granitic bodies;both of which are closely associated with the host banded gneisses.Chemical abrasion followed by detailed cathodoluminescence imaging revealed a wide variety of zircon textures that are consistent with a long-lived period of partial melting and crustal remobilization.Results of U-Pb and Hf isotopes disclose the complex as part of a much wider crustal segment,encompassing the entire southern part of the São Francisco Craton.Compilation of available U-Pb ages suggests that this crustal segment was consolidated sometime between 3000 Ma and 2900 Ma and that it experienced three main episodes of partial melting before stabilization at 2600 Ma.The partial melting episodes took place between 2750 Ma and 2600 Ma as a result of tectonic accretion and peeling off the lithospheric mantle and lower crust.This process is likely responsible for the emplacement of voluminous potassic granitoids across the entire São Francisco Craton.We believe that the partial melting of Meso-Archean crystalline crust and production of potassic granitoids are linked to a fundamental shift in the tectonics of the craton,which was also responsible for the widespread intrusion of large syenitic bodies in the northern part of the craton,and the construction of layered mafic–ultramafic intrusions to the south of the BHC.