Autoimmune connective tissue diseases are associated with liver abnormalities and often have overlapping pathological and clinical manifestations.As a result,they can present great clinical challenges and evoke questi...Autoimmune connective tissue diseases are associated with liver abnormalities and often have overlapping pathological and clinical manifestations.As a result,they can present great clinical challenges and evoke questions about diagnostic criteria for liver diseases.Moreover,discriminating between liver involvement as a manifestation of connective tissue disease and primary liver disease can be challenging since they share a similar immunological mechanism.Most patients with connective tissue diseases exhibit liver test abnormalities that likely result from coexisting,primary liver diseases,such as fatty liver disease,viral hepatitis,primary biliary cirrhosis,autoimmune hepatitis,and drug-related liver toxicity.Liver damage can be progressive,leading to cirrhosis,complications of portal hypertension,and liver-related death,and,therefore,must be accurately identified.In this review,we highlight the challenges facing the diagnosis of liver damage associated with connective tissue disease and identify immune mechanisms involved in liver damage associated with connective tissue diseases.展开更多
INTRODUCTIONIn 2004, NETosis was first reported as an important step to kill bacteria by neutrophils. During the process ofN ETosis, neutrophil extracellular traps （NETs） that contain large web-like structures of de...INTRODUCTIONIn 2004, NETosis was first reported as an important step to kill bacteria by neutrophils. During the process ofN ETosis, neutrophil extracellular traps （NETs） that contain large web-like structures of decondensed chromatin decorated with histones and intracellular components, including neutrophil elastase （NE）, myeloperoxidase （MPO）, high mobility group protein B I （HMGBI）, and proteinase 3 （PR3）, are extruded into the extracellular space, The structures of NETs enable the neutrophil to potently catch and kill pathogens at the site of inflammation. Furthermore, increasing studies have identified the presence of NETs in autoimmune diseases. NETs deliver multiple autoantigens to host immtme system that induce autoimmune responses and directly release damage-associated molecular patterns to amplify inflammatory responses. Therefore, NETs are commonly described to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and development of autoimmune diseases in recent years.展开更多
文摘Autoimmune connective tissue diseases are associated with liver abnormalities and often have overlapping pathological and clinical manifestations.As a result,they can present great clinical challenges and evoke questions about diagnostic criteria for liver diseases.Moreover,discriminating between liver involvement as a manifestation of connective tissue disease and primary liver disease can be challenging since they share a similar immunological mechanism.Most patients with connective tissue diseases exhibit liver test abnormalities that likely result from coexisting,primary liver diseases,such as fatty liver disease,viral hepatitis,primary biliary cirrhosis,autoimmune hepatitis,and drug-related liver toxicity.Liver damage can be progressive,leading to cirrhosis,complications of portal hypertension,and liver-related death,and,therefore,must be accurately identified.In this review,we highlight the challenges facing the diagnosis of liver damage associated with connective tissue disease and identify immune mechanisms involved in liver damage associated with connective tissue diseases.
文摘INTRODUCTIONIn 2004, NETosis was first reported as an important step to kill bacteria by neutrophils. During the process ofN ETosis, neutrophil extracellular traps （NETs） that contain large web-like structures of decondensed chromatin decorated with histones and intracellular components, including neutrophil elastase （NE）, myeloperoxidase （MPO）, high mobility group protein B I （HMGBI）, and proteinase 3 （PR3）, are extruded into the extracellular space, The structures of NETs enable the neutrophil to potently catch and kill pathogens at the site of inflammation. Furthermore, increasing studies have identified the presence of NETs in autoimmune diseases. NETs deliver multiple autoantigens to host immtme system that induce autoimmune responses and directly release damage-associated molecular patterns to amplify inflammatory responses. Therefore, NETs are commonly described to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis and development of autoimmune diseases in recent years.
