Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B by Recyclable Ag Br/Polypyrrole(PPy)Nano-Catalysts

We investigated the removal of the organic dye rhodamine B in wastewater with recyclable AgBr/polypyrrole(PPy)nano-photocatalysts.With PPy as an active base for electron transfer,and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB)as both the soft-templating agent and the bromine source,a series of AgBr/PPy nano-photocatalysts containing various proportions of silver were prepared in a convenient one-step synthesis procedure.The synthesized catalysts were characterized by TG analysis to reveal that,in comparison with pure PPy,the interaction between PPy and AgBr led to increased thermal stability.Chemical combination of PPy and AgBr was observed through XRD and XPS analyses.For the morphology study,the AgBr particles were found to be well dispersed in the PPy nanowire network from SEM results.In the photodegradation experiments,up to 92%rhodamine B was degraded by the AgBr/PPy catalysts in the period of 1 hour under 254 nm UV light.The catalysts could maintain 60%catalytic efficiency after 3 cycles in the recyclability test.

Performance of Rhodamine-Sensitized Solar Cells Fabricated with Silver Nanoparticles

A plasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is studied. In this investigation, the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells has been remarkably increased by infusion of synthesized silver nanoparticles into the TiO2 photoanode. Rhodaminederivative RdS1 was synthesized by microwave-assisted condensation of hydrazide and 3-for-mylchromone. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized with UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The interfacial charge transport phenomena of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSCs) are determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the corresponding efficiencies are calculated using current-voltage (I-V) curve. The solar cell photoanode with silver nanoparticles infused with RdS1 in titanium dioxide had the highest solar-to-electric power efficiency at 0.17%.

Composite Activated Carbon from Canarium schweinfurthii/Polyethylene Terephthalate: Adsorption Test of Rhodamine B Dye Removal in Aqueous Solution

The present work deals on one hand with the valorization of wastes plastics, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and Canarium schweinfurthii (CS) for the preparation of polyethylene terephthalate activated carbon (PETAC) and Canarium schweinfurthii/polyethylene terephthalate activated carbon (CS/PETAC). These adsorbents, on the other hand, were used for removal Rhodamine B (RhB) in an aqueous solution. PET and CS precursors were subjected to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning colorimetry (DSC). Meanwhile PETAC and CS/PETAC were characterized using scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nitrogen adsorption/desorption (N2-BET). The N2-BET results revealed an increase of the specific surface area from 6.75 m2/g to 1282.0 m2/g for PETAC and CS/PETAC. The results of characterization indicated the key role played by plastic wastes to enhance the structural and functional properties of CS/PETAC. The RhB removal from the aqueous solution onto PETAC and CS/PETAC was found to be independent of pH, with an optimal contact time of RhB removal within 10 min for materials. The non-linear adsorption isotherm data for the adsorption process showed that the Langmuir and Freundlich models best fitted the RhB adsorption onto PETAC meanwhile only the Freundlich adsorption isotherm gave the best fit for CS/PETAC according to the correlation coefficient value closed to unity. The pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order kinetic models best described the RhB dye removal on both adsorbents. Additionally, the Elovich model confirmed that chemisorption was the main mechanism followed. These findings proved that CS seeds and PET wastes are low-cost precursors that should be given an added value by transforming them into an outstanding carbon material for dye removal in liquid effluent.

Fabrication of a monoclinic/hexagonal junction in WO_3 and its enhanced photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B

A series of WO3 samples with different crystalline phases were prepared by the thermal decomposition method from ammonium tungstate hydrate.X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,high-resolution transmission electron microscopy（HRTEM）,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and N2 adsorption-desorption were used to characterize the crystalline phase,morphology,particle size,chemical composition,and surface area of the WO3 samples.The formation of hexagonal（h-WO3） and monoclinic（m-WO3） crystal structures of WO3 at different temperatures or different times was confirmed by XRD.m-WO3 is formed at 600 ℃,while m-WO3 starts to transform into h-WO3 at 800℃.However,h-WO3,which forms at 800℃,may transform into m-WO3 by increasing the calcination temperature to 1000℃.SEM results indicate that m-WO3 particles exhibit a bulky shape with heavy aggregates,while h-WO3 particles exhibit a rod-like shape.Moreover,m-WO3 crystals are sporadically patched on the surface of the h-WO3 rod-like particles,resulting in the exposure of both m-WO3 and h-WO3 on the surface.It is observed that the monoclinic phase（m-WO3）/hexagonal phase（h-WO3） junction was fabricated by tuning the calcination temperature and calcination time.The relative ratios between m-WO3 and h-WO3 in the phase junction can readily be tailored by control of the calcination time.The photocatalytic activities of WO3 with different crystalline phases were evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B as a model pollutant.A higher photocatalytic activity was observed in the WO3 sample with the m-WO3/h-WO3junction as compared with the sample with only m-WO3.The improvement of photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the reduction of the electron-hole recombination rate owing to the formation of the phase junction,whose presence has been confirmed by HRTEM and photoluminescence spectra.

可见光下Rhodamine B在钴掺杂TiO_2薄膜上的光催化降解

采用溶胶-凝胶法和涂覆成膜技术在钛片上制备了有可见光响应的Co2+掺杂TiO2薄膜(Co-TiO2).应用该薄膜光催化剂在可见光下进行了Rhodamine B(RhB)的光降解研究.结果表明,当Co2+的掺杂摩尔分数为0.02%时,光催化剂对RhB有最佳的光降解效果,而且在降解过程中存在光催化和光敏化的协同效应;同时在酸性体系中光降解RhB比在碱性体系中有较快的速率和较小的最大吸收峰位移,这可能与不同pH下,TiO2表面的荷电状态影响光降解过程有关.Co-TiO2光催化剂的使用,成功地实现了可见光下对RhB的光催化和光敏化协同降解,提高了可见光下RhB的光降解速率.

Rhodamine123介导的光动力学疗法对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖及骨髓干祖细胞集落形成的影响

目的 探讨Rhodamine12 3(Rh12 3)介导的光动力学疗法对小鼠淋巴细胞增殖及骨髓干祖细胞集落形成的影响。方法 以C5 7B/ 6小鼠为供鼠 ,BALB/c小鼠为受鼠 ,脾脏淋巴细胞混合培养 ,比较单纯Rh12 3、单纯激光照射、光动力学疗法对小鼠混合淋巴细胞增殖 (MTT法 )及骨髓粒单核巨噬细胞集落形成 (CFU -GM)的影响 (甲基纤维素培养基法 ) ;流式细胞仪检测混合淋巴细胞中CD3+ CD6 9+ 阳性率。结果 Rh12 3组及单纯激光组对细胞增殖无显著影响 ,光动力学组 2 0mW/cm2 以下剂量激光对细胞增殖无明显影响 ,30mW/cm2 以上明显抑制细胞增殖 ;30mW/cm2 以下剂量对CFU -GM集落无明显影响。光动力学疗法后细胞培养 2 4h ,CD3+ CD6 9+ 表达明显下降。结论 光动力学疗法在 30mW/cm2 激光照射时可抑制淋巴细胞增殖 ,降低早期活化T细胞表达 ,但不影响骨髓CFU

人支气管上皮损伤修复过程中Rhodamine 123染色的动态观察

目的探讨离体人支气管上皮经5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)损伤前后及修复过程中支气管上皮细胞Rhodamine 123的染色情况。方法分别取5-FU作用前后及修复3、62、4 h的人支气管上皮,蛋白酶消化法获取细胞悬液,进行流式细胞仪分析:1.应用PI染色,确定细胞周期中各期细胞所占百分数;2.Rhodamine 123染色,计算Rhodamine 123阴性细胞占活细胞的比例。结果1.5-FU处理后支气管上皮细胞中凋亡细胞增多,增殖期(S+G2/M期)细胞明显减少,剩余细胞绝大部分处于细胞周期的静止(G0/G1)期;随支气管上皮的恢复,S+G2/M期细胞增多;2.5-FU作用后支气管上皮中Rhodamine 123阴性细胞占活细胞的比例较正常组增多;随着损伤的修复,Rhodamine 123阴性活细胞所占比例逐渐降至接近正常。结论5-FU的作用使增殖期细胞凋亡、脱落,残留静止期细胞,其中包含具有Rhodamine 123排出能力的干细胞,由它们完成损伤的修复。应用Rhodamine 123染色,经流式细胞仪分选5-FU作用后残留的细胞,可用于富集纯化支气管干细胞。

Simultaneous Determination of Fluorescein, Rhodamine 6G and Rhodamine B in Turbid Solution by Polarization Variable-Angle Synchronous Fluorescence Spectrometry

Polarization variable-angle synchronous fluorescence spectrometry was proposed to determine samples in turbid solution. A mixture of fluorescein, rhodamine 6G and rhodamine B was used to evaluate the technique. The background caused by scattering light was decreased remarkably. The limits of detection were 0.6 ng/ml for fluorescein, 2.3 ng/ml for rhodamine 6G and 4.1 ng/ml for rhodamine B, respectively.

光致电子转移对Rhodamine 6G基态分子结构影响的非共振Raman光谱研究(英文)

基于非共振Raman光谱和量子化学计算,研究了在纯电子给体N,N-二乙基苯胺(DEA)溶剂中Rhodamine 6G(Rh6G+)基态分子结构的变化,这有利于理解该体系中的光致分子间电子转移(PIET).与PIET相耦合的所有振动模式已被确定和指认.结果表明:对应于氧杂蒽环且位于675 cm-1处最主要的振动模式对PIET有着至关重要的贡献;通过与电荷转移复合物(Rh6G/DEA+)的发色团芳香族环的C―C伸展振动模式作比较,C=C伸展振动对PIET的影响更敏感.本文的研究工作能为具有合适电子转移特性的光伏器件中分子结构或溶剂环境的设计提供新颖的观点.

Fluorescence Spectral Study on the Rhodamine B-I_3^- Association Nanoparticle System and Its Analytical Applications

In acid medium, rhodamine B（RhB）, rhodamine S（RhS）, rhodamine 6G（RhG） and butyl rhodamine B（b-RhB） have a fluorescence peak at 580, 549, 553 and 580nm, respectively. BrO^-3 oxidizes excess I^- into I^-3 Rhodamine dyes combine I^-3 to form ion association nanoparticles, resulting in fluorescence quenching at 580, 549, 553 and 580 rim, respectively. The fluorescence quenching intensity is proportional to the concentration of BrO^-3 in the range of 0.020 4 - 0.710 μg/mL for RhB, 0.025 - 0. 512μg/mL for RhS, 0.025 - 0.260 μg/mL for RhG, 0.025 - 1.28μg/mL for b-RhB, respectively. In the four systems, RhB system has good stability and high sensitivity. Thus, a simple, sensitive fluorescence method was proposed for the determination of BrO^-3 in commercial bread additives and flours, with satisfactory results. The results of the fluorescence spectra and scan electron microscopy show that the formation of about 60 ran （RhB - I^-3） n association nanoparticles and the interface between the nanoparticles and solution are main factors that cause the fluorescence quenching.

How Graphene Oxide Quenches Fluorescence of Rhodamine 6G

We investigate the fluorescence quenching of Rhodamine 6G （R6G）, a well known laser dye with a high fluorescence quantum yield, by as-synthesized graphene oxide （GO） in aqueous solution, which is found to be rather efficient. By means of steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy combined with detailed analysis about the linear absorption vari- ation for this R6G-GO system, the pertinent quenching mechanism has been elucidated to be a combination of dynamic and static quenching. Possible ground-state complexes be- tween R6G and GO during the static quenching have also been suggested. Furthermore, the direction of photoindueed electron transfer between R6G and GO has been discussed.

掺杂Rhodamine 6G的平面波导型PMMA聚光器研制

通过聚光波导提高光的转换和收集效率,是提高太阳能电池效率、减少电池用量、降低光伏发电系统成本的重要途径。利用PMMA作为波导基质材料,Rhodamine 6G(罗丹明6G)作为荧光染料,通过涂覆方法,在表面积为50mm×50mm、厚度为5mm的洁净PMMA衬底上制备出了荧光层厚度约为32μm的平面波导型聚光器,并研究了荧光染料的掺杂浓度对其聚光比和光伏性能的影响。结果表明,当掺杂浓度为0.250%时,聚光器的聚光比和器件的光伏性能达到了最优,分别为0.45%和0.49%。

Microwave photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B using TiO_2 supported on activated carbon:Mechanism implication

The photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B （RhB） was carried out using TiO2 supported on activated carbon （TiO2-AC） under microwave irradiation. Composite catalyst TiO2-AC was prepared and characterized using X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET）. In the process of microwave-enhanced photocatalysis （MPC）, RhB （30 mg/L） was almost completely decoloured in 10 min, and the mineralization efficiency was 96.0% in 20 min. The reaction rate constant of RhB in MPC using TiO2-AC by pseudo first-order reaction kinetics was 4.16 times of that using Degussa P25. Additionally, according to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC/MS） and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry （LC/MS） identification, the major intermediates of RhB in MPC included two kinds of N-de-ethylation intermediates （N,N-diethyl-N＇-ethyl-rhodamine （DER））, oxalic acid, malonic acid, snccinic acid, and phthalic acid, maleic acid, 3-nitrobenzoic acid, and so on. The degradation of RhB in MPC was mainly attributed to the destruction of the conjugated structure, and then the intermediates transformed to acid molecules which were mineralized to water and carbon dioxide.

Electrochemical oxidation of rhodamine B by PbO_2/Sb-SnO_2/TiO_2 nanotube arrays electrode

A PbO2/Sb-SnO2/TiO2 nanotube array composite electrode was successfully synthesized and its electrochemical oxidation properties were investigated.Field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)results showed that the PbO2 coating was composed of anα-PbO2 inner layer and aβ-PbO2 outer layer.Accelerated life measurement indicated that the composite electrode had a lifetime of 815 h.Rhodamine B(RhB)was employed as a model pollutant to analyze the electrocatalytic activity of the electrode.The effects of initial RhB concentration,current density,initial pH,temperature,and chloride ion concentration on the electrochemical oxidation were investigated in detail.Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy(ICP-AES)results suggested that the concentration of leached Pb^2+in the electrolyte during the electrocatalytic oxidation process can be neglected.Finally,the degradation mechanism during the electrocatalytic oxidation process was proposed based on the results of solid-phase micro-extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(SPME-GC-MS).The high electrocatalytic performance of the composite electrode makes it a promising anode for the treatment of organic pollutants in aqueous solution.

Two Rhodamine-based Turn on Chemosensors with High Sensitivity, Selectivity, and Naked-Eye Detection for Hg^2＋

Two novel rhodamine-based fluorescence enhanced molecular probes （RA1 and RA2） were synthesized, which were both designed as comparative fiuoroionophore and chromophore for the optical detection of Hg^2＋. The recognizing behaviors were investigated both experimentally and computationally. They exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity for Hg^2＋ over other commonly coexistent metal ions in CH3CN/H2O （1：1, V/V） solution. Test shows that hydroxy benzene of rich electron was beneficial to the chelate of Hg^2＋ with sensors. The detection limit was measured to be at least 0.14 p.mol/L. After addition of Hg^2＋, the color changed from colourless to pink, which was easily and hydrogel sensor. detected by the naked eye in both solution

Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B under visible light with Nd-doped titanium dioxide films

Microporous titanium dioxide films were prepared by the sol-gel methods on glass substrates, using tetrabutyl titanate as source material. In order to absorb the visible light and increase the photocatalytic activities, different concentrations of neodymium ions (Nd/Ti molar ratio was 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9%, and 1.1% respectively) were added into the sol. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectros-copy (XPS), and atom force microscopy (AFM) were applied to characterize the modified films. A kind of typical textile industry pollutant (Rhodamine B) was used to evaluate the photocatalytic activities of the films under visible light. The results showed that the activities of the films were improved by doping Nd ions into the sol.

Green Oxygenation Degradation of Rhodamine B by Using Activated Molecule Oxygen

Iron(II) tetra-(1,4-dithin)-porphyrazine, (FePz(dtn)4) is able to activate molecule oxygen for oxygenation degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) in an extensive pH region without light excitation. Experiments indicate that the RhB can be degraded nearly 52% in alkaline aqueous solution, bubbling with dioxygen for seven hours in the presence of FePz(dtn)4 and the hydrogen peroxides as an active intermediate were determined by DPD method. The catalyst is recyclable and the catalyst activity was maintained after 10 recycles.

Detection of intermediates in the TiO_2-assisted photodegradation of Rhodamine B under visible light irradiation

The photocatalytic degradation of dye Rhodamine B （RhB） in the presence of TiO2 nanostdpe or P25 under visible light irradiation was investigated. The degradation intermediates were identified using Infrared spectra （IR spectra）, ^1H nuclear magnetic resonance （^1HNMR） spectra, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy （GC-MS）. The IR and the ^1HNMR results showed that the large conjugated chromophore structure of RhB was efficiently destroyed under visible light irradiation in both the photocatalytic systems （TiO2 nanostfipe or P25 and Rhodamine B systems）. GC-MS results showed that the main identified intermediates were ethanediotic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 4-hydroxy benzoic acid and benzoic acid, which were almost the same in the TiO2 nanostdpes and P25 systems. This work provides a good insight into the reaction pathway（s） for the TiO2-assisted photocatalytic degradation of dye pollutants under visible light irradiation.

Studies on the Recognition Interaction of Rhodamine B and DNA by Voltammetry

The recognition interaction of Rhodamine B(RB) with DNA was studied in a Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solution with pH=7.5 at a glassy carbon electrode by electrochemical techniques. RB shows an irreversible oxidation peak at +0.92 V(vs. SCE). After the addition of DNA in the RB solution, the peak current of RB decreased apparently without the shift of the peak potential. The electrochemical parameters such as the charge transfer coefficient α and the electrode reaction rate constant k s of the interaction system were carefully studied. The parameters did not change before and after the addition of DNA, which indicated that an electrochemical non-active complex had been formed, so the concentration of RB in the solution decreased and the peak current decreased correspondingly. The binding ratio of RB to DNA was 2∶1 with a binding constant of 2.66×10 9.

Density Functional Theory Study on Raman Spectra of Rhodamine Molecules in Different Forms

Rhodamine molecules are one of the most used dyes for applications related to Raman spectroscopy. We have systematically studied Raman spectra of Rhodamine 6G, Rhodamine 123, and Rhodamine B （RhB） molecules using density functional theory. It is found that with BP86 functional the calculated Raman spectra of cationic Rhodamine molecules are in good agreement with corresponding experimental spectra in aqueous solution. It is shown that the involvement of the counter ion, chlorine, and the specific hydrogen bonds has noticeable effects on the Raman spectra of RhB that can partially explain the observed difference between Raman spectra of RhB in solution and on gold surfaces. It also indicates that an accurate description of surface enhanced Raman scattering for Rhodamine molecules on metal surface still requires to take into account the changes induced by the interracial interactions.